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When I was about three or four years old,
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I remember my mum reading a story to me
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and my two big brothers,
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and I remember putting up my hands
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to feel the page of the book
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to feel the picture they were discussing.
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And my mum said, "Darling,
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remember that you can't see
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and you can't feel the picture
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and you can't feel the print on the page."
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And I thought to myself,
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"But that's what I want to do.
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I love stories. I want to read."
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Little did I know
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that I would be part of a technological revolution
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that would make that dream come true.
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I was born premature by about 10 weeks,
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which resulted in my blindness some 64 years ago.
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The condition is known as retrolental fibroplasia,
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and it's now very rare in the developed world.
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Little did I know, lying curled up
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in my prim baby humidicrib in 1948
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that I'd been born at the right place
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and the right time,
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that I was in a country where I could participate
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in the technological revolution.
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There are 37 million totally blind people on our planet,b
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but those of us who've shared in the technological changes
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mainly come from North America, Europe,
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Japan, and other developed parts of the world.
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Computers have changed the lives of us all in this room
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and around the world,
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but I think they've changed the lives
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of we blind people more than any other group.
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And so I want to tell you about the interaction
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between computer-based adaptive technology
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and the many volunteers who helped me over the years
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to become the person I am today.
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It's an interaction between volunteers,
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passionate inventors, and technology,
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and it's a story that many other blind people could tell.
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But let me tell you a little bit about it today.
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When I was five, I went to school and I learned braille.
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It's an ingenious system of six dots
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that are punched into paper,
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and I can feel them with my fingers.
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In fact, I think they are putting up my grade six report.
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I don't know where Julian Morrow got that from.
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(Laughter)
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I was pretty good in reading,
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but religion and musical appreciation needed more work.
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(Laughter)
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When you leave the opera house,
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you'll find there's braille signage in the lifts.
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Look for it. Have you noticed it?
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I do. I look for it all the time.
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(Laughter)
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When I was at school,
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the books were transcribed by transcribers,
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voluntary people who punched one dot at a time
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so I'd have volumes to read,
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and that had been going on, mainly by women,
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since the late 19th century in this country,
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but it was the only way I could read.
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When I was in high school,
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I got my first Philips Reel-to-Reel tape recorder,
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and tape recorders became my sort of pre-computer
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medium of learning.
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I could have family and friends read me material,
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and I could then read it back
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as many times as I needed.
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And it brought me into contact
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with volunteers and helpers.
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For example, when I studied at graduate school
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at Queen's University in Canada,
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the prisoners at the Collins Bay jail agreed to help me.
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I gave them a tape recorder, and they read into it.
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As one of them said to me,
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"Ron, we ain't going anywhere at the moment."
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(Laughter)
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But think of it. These men,
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who hadn't had the educational opportunities I'd had,
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helped me gain post-graduate qualifications in law
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by their dedicated help.
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Well, I went back and became an academic
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at Melbourne's Monash University,
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and for those 25 years,
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tape recorders were everything to me.
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In fact, in my office in 1990,
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I had 18 miles of tape.
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Students, family, and friends all read me material.
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Mrs. Lois Dowery,
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whom I later came to call my surrogate mom,
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read me many thousands of hours of the tape.
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One of the reasons I agreed to give this talk today
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was that I was hoping that Lois would be here
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so I could introduce you to her and publicly thank her.
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But sadly, her health hasn't permitted her to come today.
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But I thank you here, Lois, from this platform.
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(Applause)
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I saw my first Apple Computer in 1984,
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and I thought to myself,
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"This thing's got a glass screen, not much use to me."
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How very wrong I was.
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In 1987, in the month our eldest son Jared was born,
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I got my first blind computer,
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and it's actually here.
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See it up there?
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And you see it has no, what do you call it, no screen.
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(Laughter)
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It's a blind computer.
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(Laughter)
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It's a Keynote Gold 84k,
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and the 84k stands for it had 84 kilobytes of memory.
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(Laughter)
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Don't laugh, it cost me 4,000 dollars at the time.
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(Laughter)
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I think there's more memory in my watch.
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It was invented by Russell Smith, a passionate inventor
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in New Zealand who was trying to help blind people.
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Sadly, he died in a light plane crash in 2005,
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but his memory lives on in my heart.
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It meant, for the first time,
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I could read back what I had typed into it.
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It had a speech synthesizer.
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I'd written my first co-authored [unclear] book
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on a typewriter in 1979 purely from memory.
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This now allowed me to read back what I'd written
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and to enter the computer world,
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even with its 84k of memory.
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In 1974, the great Ray Kurzweil, the American inventor,
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worked on building a machine that would scan books
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and read them out in synthetic speech.
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Optical character recognition units then
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only operated usually on one font,
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but by using charged couple device flatbed scanners
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and speech synthesizers,
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he developed a machine that could read any font.
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And his machine, which was as big as a washing machine,
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was launched on the 13th of January, 1976.
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I saw my first commercially available Kurzweil
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in March, 1989, and it blew me away,
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and in September 1989,
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the month that my associate professorship
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at Monash University was announced,
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the law school bought one, and I could use it.
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For the first time, I could read what I wanted to read
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by putting a book on the scanner.
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I didn't have to be nice to people!
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(Laughter)
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I no longer would be censored.
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For example, I was too shy then,
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and I'm actually too shy now, to ask anybody
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to read me out loud sexually explicit material.
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(Laughter)
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But, you know, I could pop a book on in the middle of the night, and --
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(Applause)
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Now, the Kurzweil Reader is simply
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a program on my laptop.
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That's what it's shrunk to.
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And now I can scan the latest novel
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and not wait to get it into talking book libraries.
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I can keep up with my friends.
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There are many people who have helped me in my life,
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and many that I haven't met.
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One is another American inventor Ted Hentna.
Marssi Draw
Hi, reviewer,
謝謝你的審閱,有一個部分想和你討論。
Rights of Persons with Disabilities 的譯法,我了解你翻成「失能者權益委員會」的用意,不過考量到官方譯法為「殘疾人權利委員會」,所以我想依照官方的翻譯會較合適。
http://www.ohchr.org/ch/HRBodies/CRPD/Pages/CRPDIndex.aspx
歡迎提出你的想法。