Predicting overload: autism spectrum disorder | Paul Fijal | TEDxEastVan
-
0:18 - 0:22I'm an engineer by training
and an entrepreneur by choice. -
0:23 - 0:27I've been taught to be analytical,
to think critically, -
0:27 - 0:29and to look for problems to solve.
-
0:31 - 0:33Over the past little while, though,
-
0:33 - 0:36I started getting a deeper appreciation
for the fact that some things, -
0:37 - 0:39beyond needing just a simple solution,
-
0:40 - 0:42require understanding.
-
0:44 - 0:46I'm going to begin by telling you a story
-
0:46 - 0:49about Jamie and her
eight-year-old son, Jacob. -
0:50 - 0:52It's December 31, 2013,
-
0:52 - 0:54and Jamie and Jacob are both getting ready
-
0:54 - 0:57to go to a New Year's Eve party
hosted by Jamie's sister. -
0:58 - 1:01They're getting ready to leave
and step out of the door, -
1:01 - 1:04and Jamie suddenly realizes
she forgot to prepare the food, -
1:04 - 1:06like her sister asked her to do.
-
1:06 - 1:09There's a brief moment of exasperation,
but she figures, "No big deal. -
1:09 - 1:12We'll swing by the store,
pick up some food, -
1:12 - 1:15maybe a bottle of champaigne
to sweeten the deal." -
1:16 - 1:18There's a bit of a rush now
as they get in the car -
1:18 - 1:19and drive to the store.
-
1:19 - 1:22Luckily, there's a parking stall
right by the entrance. -
1:22 - 1:24And Jamie, with Jacob in tow,
steps into the lobby -
1:24 - 1:28and finds there's about a thousand
more people there than on any regular day. -
1:29 - 1:33She quickly zeroes in
on aisle 13, "Party Snacks," -
1:33 - 1:38turns the corner and, all of a sudden,
hears a very loud crash. -
1:40 - 1:42Jamie spins around
-
1:42 - 1:45and finds that Jacob
has knocked over a display shelf. -
1:47 - 1:50He's lying on the ground,
kicking and screaming, -
1:51 - 1:55and with his clenched fists,
is hitting himself repeatedly in the head. -
1:57 - 2:00It's only with the help
of two fully-grown men -
2:01 - 2:04that Jamie is able to wrestle Jacob
back into her car, -
2:05 - 2:08where she straps him in,
drives him home, -
2:09 - 2:12and spends the next three hours
trying to calm him down. -
2:14 - 2:16When he's finally settled,
-
2:16 - 2:20Jamie collapses on the couch,
completely exhausted, -
2:20 - 2:24and could do nothing
but pray for the new year to be better. -
2:27 - 2:33Like one in every 68 children born today,
Jacob has an autism spectrum disorder. -
2:34 - 2:35Now, some of the traits of autism
-
2:35 - 2:38can include things
like difficulties in communication, -
2:38 - 2:41difficulties in social interaction
and emotional awareness, -
2:41 - 2:44and hypersensitivities
to different noises, smells, -
2:44 - 2:46changes in routine,
and changes in environment. -
2:46 - 2:50And like the name suggests,
autism is in fact, a spectrum disorder, -
2:51 - 2:53and it covers a broad range of people,
-
2:53 - 2:55from high-functioning,
highly intelligent individuals -
2:56 - 2:59to lower-functioning people
who have severe behaviors, -
2:59 - 3:02like the children and teenagers
that were at the care facility -
3:02 - 3:05my older sister worked at,
a couple of years ago back home. -
3:05 - 3:08Now, these kids exhibited
behaviors so severe -
3:09 - 3:13that their families had no other option
but to put them in facilities -
3:13 - 3:18for 24 hours a day, seven days a week,
and 365 days a year. -
3:21 - 3:22On that night,
-
3:23 - 3:25just as Jamie and Jacob
were getting ready, -
3:25 - 3:28Jacob noticed that his mom
said a word under her breath, -
3:28 - 3:30something he only heard
her say once, 13 days ago, -
3:30 - 3:33when she hit her toe hard
against the kitchen table. -
3:33 - 3:34They step into the car,
-
3:34 - 3:36and Jacob notices his mom
chose the wrong keys - -
3:36 - 3:37they scratch on the handle,
-
3:37 - 3:40and don't work the first time
she tries to turn the ignition. -
3:40 - 3:42They drive towards his aunt's house,
-
3:42 - 3:44They turn into the store,
which they never do. -
3:44 - 3:47They park by the entrance,
which they never do. -
3:47 - 3:48They usually park by the racks
-
3:48 - 3:51so Jacob can count every shopping cart
on the way into the store. -
3:51 - 3:53They step into the lobby,
-
3:53 - 3:56and Jacob counts 21 more people there
than on a regular Tuesday. -
3:56 - 3:58He hears a sound, a familiar sound,
but not a welcome one, -
3:58 - 4:03a squeaky wheel on the broken cart rack
the tall man is pushing around aisle 13 -
4:03 - 4:05and ... Crash.
-
4:08 - 4:12The reality is that Jamie and Jacob
see the world in very different ways. -
4:13 - 4:15Jamie sees the entire forest;
-
4:15 - 4:18Jacob notices every single leaf
-
4:18 - 4:23on every single branch
of every single tree in that forest. -
4:24 - 4:27Now autism, though, isn't something
-
4:27 - 4:30that labels Jacob
as a problem to be solved. -
4:30 - 4:31He's a person.
-
4:32 - 4:35He has his own strengths,
his own weaknesses, his own talents. -
4:36 - 4:38And like everybody,
-
4:38 - 4:41he deserves to be treated
as a person to be understood. -
4:43 - 4:45How can we begin to understand?
-
4:46 - 4:49In every single human brain,
there's a layer called the cortex, -
4:49 - 4:50and it sits at the top.
-
4:50 - 4:53And it's responsible
for high-level thoughts. -
4:53 - 4:56So things like reasoning,
controlling impulses, -
4:56 - 4:59being able to understand
what someone else is thinking or feeling. -
4:59 - 5:01So if you think of any
regular day conversation, -
5:01 - 5:04for example, you're sitting at a table,
talking with a friend, -
5:04 - 5:08and her responses are all coming back
in sort of short, direct, grunted ... -
5:09 - 5:11And maybe that means
she doesn't like you any more, -
5:11 - 5:13or that she's had a long day,
-
5:13 - 5:17that her boss has been on her case
about the big presentation coming up. -
5:17 - 5:19So instead of judging her short temper,
-
5:19 - 5:22rather you listen attentively,
maybe make her a cup of tea. -
5:23 - 5:26That's quite a lot to infer
from just a series of grunts. -
5:27 - 5:30Now the cortex also helps
sort through all of the information -
5:30 - 5:34that we're constantly bombarded with
every single waking moment of the day. -
5:34 - 5:37As I'm standing here, and I have
this big shiny light on my face, -
5:37 - 5:39and this room has an unfamiliar
smell and sounds, -
5:39 - 5:41and some of you shuffling in your seats,
-
5:41 - 5:44and a couple of people tweeting
up in the balcony. -
5:44 - 5:45(Laughter)
-
5:45 - 5:48My cortex takes all this information
and it can process and it can sort -
5:48 - 5:51and it can categorize it all,
and it does that automatically. -
5:52 - 5:54That's great news because if it didn't,
-
5:54 - 5:56if I had to sort through
all that consciously, -
5:56 - 5:59I wouldn't be speaking
very coherently right now, -
5:59 - 6:01and as a matter of fact,
I would not be standing here at all. -
6:02 - 6:04Now the brain of a person
who has autism -
6:04 - 6:06works a little differently.
-
6:06 - 6:08It tends to be more detail-focused.
-
6:09 - 6:11Now, this bottom-up approach
-
6:11 - 6:14doesn't necessarily mean
that the cortex doesn't exist, -
6:14 - 6:15or plays no role at all.
-
6:15 - 6:18But rather, the default setting
is to look at every single leaf -
6:18 - 6:22on every single branch
of every single tree -
6:22 - 6:24rather than the forest as a whole.
-
6:26 - 6:30Being this detail-focused, though,
it can do some pretty amazing things, -
6:30 - 6:32whether that's replicating
an entire symphony -
6:32 - 6:34after hearing it only once,
-
6:34 - 6:37publishing an applied mathematics paper
before the age of thirteen, -
6:37 - 6:41or sorting through thousands of lines
of code and identifying subtle errors -
6:41 - 6:43that help a company
make a product better. -
6:44 - 6:46It can also be overwhelming.
-
6:47 - 6:50With these two drastically different
operating systems, -
6:50 - 6:52it can become easier to understand
how Jamie and Jacob -
6:52 - 6:55have difficulties seeing the world
through each other's eyes. -
6:57 - 6:58Doubtless, some of you here today
-
6:58 - 7:01maybe know or have worked
with someone who has autism, -
7:01 - 7:03or maybe a child of yours
or one of your friends -
7:03 - 7:05has been diagnosed on the spectrum.
-
7:06 - 7:09And you will know, and you really know,
-
7:09 - 7:12how hard these parents and families work
to understand their kids. -
7:14 - 7:17Whether that's spending
$40,000 to $60,000 -
7:17 - 7:19every single year
on non-medical costs alone - -
7:19 - 7:22so these are things not associated
with any sort of doctor's fees -
7:22 - 7:24or any sort of medications.
-
7:24 - 7:25To put that in context,
-
7:25 - 7:29that's over $56 billion
spent every year in North America alone. -
7:30 - 7:34And that's just a dollar figure,
and it goes way beyond that. -
7:34 - 7:38Parents and families are going to do
absolutely everything [so their kids] -
7:38 - 7:41can develop their strengths,
can work on their weaknesses, -
7:41 - 7:43can explore their talents.
-
7:43 - 7:46Whether that's filling binders and binders
full of charts that track everything -
7:46 - 7:50from behavior management therapies,
to sleep quality, to diet; -
7:50 - 7:53whether that's lobbying school boards
to promote inclusiveness in the classroom; -
7:53 - 7:57or fighting changes in legislation
that cut funding to certain age groups; -
7:57 - 7:59or even doing like
a PhD's worth of research -
7:59 - 8:03to understand the broadening spectrum
of treatment options that are available. -
8:04 - 8:05And yet,
-
8:07 - 8:08and yet experiences
-
8:08 - 8:11like the one Jamie and Jacob
had at the store -
8:11 - 8:12still happen.
-
8:13 - 8:17And yet these care facilities
like the ones my sister worked at -
8:17 - 8:18still exist.
-
8:20 - 8:22Because, despite the amount
of effort and resources -
8:22 - 8:24that are poured into autism care,
-
8:24 - 8:26there's still immense
challenges to overcome -
8:26 - 8:30to help further understanding
of autism spectrum disorders -
8:30 - 8:32and the people who live with it.
-
8:33 - 8:36Despite my very best intentions,
I still think like an engineer. -
8:36 - 8:38That's probably because
five straight years -
8:38 - 8:41of post-secondary schooling
doesn't go away that easy, -
8:41 - 8:44but when my sister would come home
and talk about these kids -
8:44 - 8:47that she was working with,
I started looking. -
8:48 - 8:49And as it turns out,
-
8:49 - 8:52there's ground-breaking research
being done all over the world, -
8:52 - 8:55that's investigating the relationship
between [autism and signals], -
8:55 - 8:58so these are things like heart rate,
skin temperature, perspiration, -
8:58 - 9:02and how they relate to actual
psychological and emotional changes -
9:02 - 9:04happening inside a person.
-
9:05 - 9:07These body signals
are all given out automatically, -
9:07 - 9:11and even in the moments before
we consciously become aware of them. -
9:13 - 9:16How do we use this knowledge
and these concepts? -
9:16 - 9:20How do we generate an impact
for families like Jamie and Jacob's? -
9:22 - 9:24If you imagine for a moment, this year,
-
9:24 - 9:28when Jamie and Jacob are getting ready
to go to the party again, -
9:28 - 9:29and Jamie forgets her snacks,
-
9:29 - 9:34this time, Jacob is wearing a simple tool,
something with a few sensors on it, -
9:34 - 9:36and that's linked to an app
on Jamie's phone. -
9:37 - 9:39This time, as they step
into the busy lobby, -
9:39 - 9:41Jamie gets a notification
-
9:41 - 9:43telling her that Jacob's
not feeling very well. -
9:44 - 9:46And they're able to step out of the store,
-
9:47 - 9:50go through a relaxing breathing exercise,
-
9:50 - 9:52and together complete their errands.
-
9:53 - 9:56And this time, both Jamie and Jacob
-
9:56 - 9:59are able to celebrate the New Year
with the people they love. -
10:00 - 10:01Thank you.
-
10:01 - 10:04(Applause)
- Title:
- Predicting overload: autism spectrum disorder | Paul Fijal | TEDxEastVan
- Description:
-
In this moving talk, Paul Fijal paints a vivid picture of what it’s like to live with autism. He explores the concept of empowered care, a personalized approach that bridges the information gap between individuals with mental health disorders and currently available care solutions.
Paul Fijal is a young social entrepreneur and Lead Biomedical Engineer with Awake Labs, who provide personalized, quantified care solutions to people living with autism. He is also dedicated to growing Vancouver’s reputation as a hub for social entrepreneurship and impact ventures. Paul is currently involved with the Coast Capital Savings Innovation Hub and is helping to bootstrap the brand-new MedTech Development Hub at VGH with a group of young engineers and entrepreneurs. A francophone originally, from Calgary, Alberta, Paul graduated from the University of British Columbia with a BASc in Mechanical Engineering, Biomedical option, in May of 2015. He’s interested in new ventures focusing on social impact, as well as the biomedical and biotech industry.
This talk was given at a TEDx event using the TED conference format but independently organized by a local community. Learn more at http://ted.com/tedx
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDxTalks
- Duration:
- 10:13
David DeRuwe approved English subtitles for Predicting overload: autism spectrum disorder | Paul Fijal | TEDxEastVan | ||
David DeRuwe edited English subtitles for Predicting overload: autism spectrum disorder | Paul Fijal | TEDxEastVan | ||
David DeRuwe accepted English subtitles for Predicting overload: autism spectrum disorder | Paul Fijal | TEDxEastVan | ||
David DeRuwe edited English subtitles for Predicting overload: autism spectrum disorder | Paul Fijal | TEDxEastVan | ||
David DeRuwe edited English subtitles for Predicting overload: autism spectrum disorder | Paul Fijal | TEDxEastVan | ||
David DeRuwe edited English subtitles for Predicting overload: autism spectrum disorder | Paul Fijal | TEDxEastVan | ||
David DeRuwe edited English subtitles for Predicting overload: autism spectrum disorder | Paul Fijal | TEDxEastVan | ||
David DeRuwe edited English subtitles for Predicting overload: autism spectrum disorder | Paul Fijal | TEDxEastVan |