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It was March 11, 2020
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when the WHO declared
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that Covid-19 was, to all intents
and purposes, a pandemic.
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I remember how, until a few days before,
many of us were rather skeptical
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about the potential
of this new coronavirus,
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also on the basis of expert advice.
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Yet on that day, on that
11 March 2020, I wondered:
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but if really our species,
the Homo Sapiens,
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face a pandemic,
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face a health crisis,
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a huge spread of infections,
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we would really be able
to plan the interventions
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effectively?
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At the time, it was rather difficult
to answer this question:
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yet I began to wonder, precisely,
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what this infection was,
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what it represented
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not so much for our species,
but also for other species.
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In fact, we humans
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we are definitely
not the only animals, species
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which faces as tough
a challenge as a pandemic.
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And so, starting from
my academic background,
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from my various experiences,
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I have begun to consider
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that there really are
so many cases, in nature,
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of infection control behaviours:
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hygienic behaviour.
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For example, we could mention
the case of birds.
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Some of these species,
such as sparrows or flocks,
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they use a very, I might say,
bizarre behavior
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which is fumigation,
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very similar to what we do
in the house with incense.
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That is, they apply aromatic herbs -
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in some cases, they are also
cigarette butts -
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inside the nest.
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The purpose is to disinfect it,
to make it more sanitized
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to reduce the possibility
of disease occurrence;
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and so it's absolutely similar
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to what we do in our homes,
perhaps with incense.
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And then, turning to the world of mammals,
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we find a true master of hygiene:
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the badger.
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In our woods, the badger
is a night dweller,
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and lives in dens,
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usually covered with mosses,
leaves and shrubs.
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Especially in the winter months,
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the rate usually changes this coating,
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exposes it to the sun
and replaces the foliage.
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Why is that?
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Because it reduces the possibility
of parasite proliferation
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or any pathogens.
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Besides, we have some cases
of cosmetics, so body care.
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The example of brown capuchine monkeys,
these monkeys coming from South America
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that use a kind of mosquito spray.
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They exploit the irritating substance
produced by the millipedes,
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to remove mosquitoes and avoid bites.
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And then we have the case
of African elephants,
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elephants using clay,
they sprinkle it on the skin,
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to reduce the chance of sunburn
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which clearly could then compromise
their immune system
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and thus increase the risk
of infectious diseases.
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And so, faced with this scenario,
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we might ask ourselves:
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but what has this got to do,
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with what we have, for example,
in this current pandemic?
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Well, if we tried to take
a closer look at the animal world,
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we will notice that many of the behaviors
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that we are putting in place
in recent months
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are completely similar, if not identical,
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to those that are implemented
by other animal species.
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And so, talking about mammals,
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we could quote our cousins,
the chimpanzees.
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Indeed, according to the observations
of the British ethologist Jane Goodall,
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and more recently confirmed
by scientific studies,
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when, within the group,
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a chimpanzee expresses
clear symptoms of an infectious disease
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is pushed off the group,
even with some violence,
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until he recuperates.
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At that point, he can
be reinserted into the group.
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So in this case we see
how the common, collective good
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comes before the interests
of the individuals.
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And it's an absolutely very similar case
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to what we might call
"quarantine" or "social distancing"
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for us humans.
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Let's now focus
on a completely different world,
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to the world of insects.
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in fact, domestic bees
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are the real inventors
of disinfectant gel.
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Inside the hive, we find the propolis.
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It is a substance made by bees,
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starting from a vegetable resin,
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and is used for a specific purpose:
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to reduce the chance
of infections inside the hive
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between individuals
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and also, somehow,
as a disinfectant cement,
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to seal the various cells,
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and then make the hive even safer.
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Why do I quote bees?
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Because actually social insects,
like ants or termites,
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are a true example to us humans,
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because many of the behaviors
they put in place,
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from the point of view of coordination
as a superorganism,
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are actually really effective behaviors
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and that should make us think
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as we, Homo Sapiens,
are a social species also;
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but we find ourselves in deep trouble
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in coordinating and allying
against a common enemy.
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And so, at this point
it would be legit to wonder:
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can we really learn
something from animals
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on the subject of immunity, hygiene
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or infection control?
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Well, a lot of scientific studies tell us
how, in recent years,
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a great increase has been observed
in so-called emerging diseases,
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these new infections
caused by a spillover,
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a jump from a species to another.
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And despite our species, Homo Sapiens,
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they had to face in a more remote past
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some very serious pandemics,
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such as the plague, such as Spanish flu,
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or more recently devastating viruses
such as HIV and Ebola,
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despite this, Covid 19
admittedly surprised us,
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and somehow shattered the idea
of Homo Sapiens ruling the world,
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and instead made us rediscover
vulnerable, fragile as a species.
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So, in light of all
this dramatic scenario,
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there's some good news.
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In fact, we have a second chance today.
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The time has come to change our vision,
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and take a biocentric perspective
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that allows us to recreate
a harmonious relationship
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with other animal species
and with all nature.
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Until these decades,
our relationship with nature
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was toxic:
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we have polluted, we have deforested,
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we have consumed the soil,
destroyed habitats of animal species.
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And today, at last,
we really have a Second Chance.
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So, at this point we should ask ourselves,
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how animals could come in handy?
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If any,
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as we have seen in these cases,
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we humans haven't invented much:
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on the contrary, the animals
have really anticipated us,
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with great effectiveness.
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And so, right now, maybe, we could think
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that animals could teach us something.
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Even, perhaps, to better manage
a possible future pandemic.