FOT 21 - The History of Christian Antisemitism - Malcolm Hedding

Shalom to all of you from
Israel. My name is Sarah

Gamesa. I'm the director of
the Christian friends of

yours a shame. We're about
to start the lecture, the

second lecture lecture in
the series, life hating hope

that we're doing in
cooperation with the ICJ.

Before we start. I want to
welcome Dr. Jaime author,

the new director of the
Christian friends of Yad

Vashem was so kindly joined
us this evening, this

evening in Israel today in
the United States and

Canada. I also want to take
this opportunity to thank

our partners on this very
special webinar series. That

just was in May called ICJ
using director This is Donna

Holbrook, ICJ, Canada,
National Executive Director,

and Reverend Merkel's ICJ,
Vice President of

International Affairs,
before I present our

lecture, for today, to
technicalities. This lecture

will be recorded, and we
will send you the recording

in a couple of weeks. If you
have questions during the

lecture, please write them
in the chat and my colleague

Chevette will gather the
questions and present them

to relevant heading after
the lecture. Today we're

honored to have with us as
our guest lecturer, Rick

Malcolm Hemingway, I think
most of you if not all of

you know, who will teach us
about the history of anti

semitism. Welcome heading is
an ordained minister of the

Assemblies of God of South
and Africa. Apart from being

a church planter in his
country of birth, his

activism on behalf of Israel
and inspired by the Bible,

began in 1975 when he joined
Christian action. In 1980,

he became involved with the
international Christian

embassy Jerusalem, and in
the year of 2001, it became

the executive director of
international pushing

embassy Gerson a position
that he held up until the

end of 2011. He has traveled
all over the world defending

Israel, in forms of all
types, and with Shaya benu,

the former director of the
international relations of

Yad Vashem is the co founder
of the Christian desk, at

yard ocean river heading,
his present present lives in

Israel. And we're very happy
to have him here with us.

Reverend telling, as I'm a
Jewish Israeli, they grew up

with the knowledge that a
lot of the centuries there

has always been anti
semitism in the fall. When

we learn history in school,
we spoke and we learned

about the different anti
semitic events that took

place, different places in
the world, throughout the

years. But we never spoke
about the why as

Christianity is origins are
in Judaism, I would like to

ask you, how did Christian
anti semitism come to be?

Well, thank you so much.
Sorry, it's a great joy, and

Welcome, everybody. It's a
great pleasure and a great

blessing to see you all many
old friends. And that's a

very intriguing question.
And of course, it's the

subject of our debate today
the history of Christian

anti semitism. And in order
to answer that question, I

would like to share my
screen with you. And then we

will dive into our subject
for today. And there we have

it, the history of Christian
anti semitism. We get to go

through the various
centuries together and build

a picture that is absolutely
true. It is substantiated

historically, and everything
in the lecture has been

double checked. So this is
the history of Christian

anti semitism. And the
reason why Israeli children

are educated and brought, as
it were up to date on this

issue, and it's a very, very
important one, and every

Christian should know it.
We're going to begin by what

we call the seeds of
discontent or the first

century and here we have to
address what I call a

complex situation. In the
Roman Empire dictated what

religions were legal, and
which were not, the Jews of

the Empire had reached an
agreement with Rome, whereby

Judaism was designated
legal. They needed to

preserve the status in the
interests of the well being

of the people in Israel and
of course, throughout the

Empire. They were therefore
considered by the Romans as

religio, Lissa TA, meaning
they will legal, and then be

while they had differences
with Jesus theologically.

That's true.

And we see this mirrored in
the Gospel narratives time

and time again, the issue of
status, their legal status

was paramount in their minds
and played a major part in

their rejection of Jesus
messianic credentials. This

led to the resistance of the
message carried by the early

church. Paul enters the
record of the growth of the

church as a zealous
antagonist of its message.

And of course, as you know,
the book of Acts documents,

the history of Jewish
resistance against the

growing early church. But I
would like to read to you

from john chapter 11. And
verses 47 to 50. And it

reads like this, then the
chief priests and the

Pharisees gathered a council
and said, What shall we do

for this man works many
signs. If we let him alone

like this, everyone will
believe in him and the

Romans. There you have this
issue will come and take

away both our place and our
nation. In other words, they

would lose the status of
being religio Lissa TA and

one of them Caiaphas. Being
High Priest that year said

to them, You know nothing at
all, nor do you consider

that it is expedient for us
that one man should die for

the people and not the whole
nation should perish. So

this issue of Judaism's
relationship with the

governing Roman authorities
was clearly paramount in

their minds and in their
thinking. So, while this

resistance was well
organized, it was never on

the scale of mass murder, or
genocide. In fact, it can be

said that the early churches
biggest emerging enemy was

the Roman Empire, as the
Christians were perceived as

serving a king, an emperor
other than Caesar, and

therefore they were religio
e Lissa TA, that is, the new

religious movement of the
Christians was deemed to be

illegal. And we know the
various prosecutions, which

the early church went
through, at the hands of

various Caesars, beginning
with Nero. Then we come to

point to the destruction of
Jerusalem in 70, ce II, and

135. These events the fact
that Jerusalem was laid

waste, and the Jewish people
were exiled in 70, and 135.

These events reinforced
Christian resentment against

the Jews in that it appeared
to validate God's rejection

of them. In their minds, the
Jews got what they deserved.

The idea then that they were
Christ killers found freedom

to be expressed, even though
it was not true from the

biblical account. Secondly,
be in terms of the

destruction of Jerusalem in
the two dates that are

given. These events produced
a concept of having to do

with a new understanding of
Kingdom. What is the kingdom

of God? That is the Jewish
theological position of a

coming literal messianic
kingdom was challenged and

reinterpreted in violation
of the biblical text. And so

the allegorical method of
expounding the Bible was

introduced by church leaders
like Oregon, so any passage

of the Hebrew Scriptures
Remember, the New Testament

canon had not yet been
validated or even written.

But any reference then to a
physical manifestation of

the kingdom of God from
Jerusalem was resisted by

the church. And they said,
in fact that the scriptures

didn't mean that, that you
had to spiritualize that and

give it a different
interpretation. We won't go

into what that means today.

30 then see Israel being
totally vanquished as a

nation and sent into exile
was considered a relic of

the past. And the idea that
the church had replaced her

was now the new Israel of
God was beginning to emerge.

So this picture of utter
destruction, beginning in 70

ad, culminating at the end
of the bar kokhba revolt in

135, that gave the
impression to many in the

church, that the Jewish
people had truly been

cursed, that they've been
done away with that God had

visited judgment upon them.
And that, in fact, the

church alone was now the new
Israel of God. Then we have

second generation, church
leaders. So the first

generation of church leaders
passed off the scene. And we

have their successes. And
they began to sow the seeds

of hatred for the Jews in
their sermons and teachings.

This would set the stage for
the acceptance of what we

now call Historically, the
doctrine of contempt in

years to come by the
Catholic Church. And this

doctrine of contempt, would
assert that God kept the

Jews alive only as an
example of his enduring

judgment, and Roth, that is
essentially the doctrine of

contempt. And also, in the
second generation, we see

the beginnings of preachers,
vilifying synagogues, as

houses of devils, and
brothels. And thirdly, the

second generation church
leaders began to paint the

Jews as killers of God, they
accused them of deicide, and

therefore, beyond
redemption. And these are

all the seeds of what we
call the doctrine of

contempt that was
progressively developed from

this period onwards. And
that is important for us to

understand today. And then
fourthly, during this time

of the second generation of
church leaders, they began

to codify the idea that the
church alone was the Israel

of God. So those are the
things that happened in the

second generation. Also,
following on their heels and

a bit later, we have our
fourth point, that anti the

anti semitic church leaders
beatified by church by the

church as saints. And he
said my church leaders

beatified by the church as
saints. And this is a record

of just a few of them what
they said, and we need to

note who they were and the
statements they made. We

have Justin Martyr, in 140.
asserted that the law was

given to the Jews. That is
the law that is going right

back to Sinai to the Exodus.
The law was given to the

Jews as a punishment. He
frequently vilified them, in

his sermons to Italian, said
that synagogues were

fountains of persecution,
Oregon, wrote, The Jews have

committed the most
abominable crimes. St.

Gregory of nicer stated that
Jews are companions of the

devil, race of vipers and a
Sanhedrin of demons. St.

Ambrose wrote the synagogue
is a place dammed by God

Himself. St. Augustine
affirmed that the church

admits and knows that Jewish
people are to be cursed. Son

john Christ's atone called
the synagogue, a brothel and

theater sincero of
Alexandria, had Jews

expelled from his city. So
these are what some of the

well known Church Fathers
began to say, during the

second third century period.
And the question we have to

ask ourselves then, is why
did the second generation of

church fathers become so
antagonistic to the Jewish

people? Interesting
question.

And the answer to that
question is, of course, by

that time. And given the the
events that took place in

70, ad, and 135, there was
the culture ized thinking in

the church, that the Jews
had been thoroughly judged,

and chiefly because of the
rejection of Jesus. Then the

answer to that question also
lies in the fact that the

Christian scriptures, the
canon of the New Testament,

had not yet been validated,
or formalized, so that there

was no canon of Scripture by
which these leaders could

test their statements, or
their theories. And if they

had actually received the
canon of Scripture, I mean,

many of the letters were
circulating, but there was

no formal validation of the
canon of Scripture. So if

they had been, they would
not have said the things

that they had said, because
many passages, in fact,

major passages of the New
Testament canon, teach

otherwise. And just Romans
910 and 11, are remarkable

in the validation and the
affirming that Paul gives to

Israel, the continuance of
God's covenant with them,

and the statement that they
are beloved of God for the

sake of their fathers. And
has God rejected these

people, no, Perish the
thought, he says. And

because there was no
parameters by which to

regulate these people, they
began to express these very

sad, anti semitic views of
Jewish people. That brings

us to the fifth century
onwards, by this time, Rome

had emerged as the most
influential seat of the

church, and this largely
because of Rome's dominant

place in the Empire. In
addition, because of the

triumph of the church in
312, by the conversion, so

called, of the Emperor
Constantine, the Catholic

Church became established,
the canon of the New

Testament was confirmed, and
a legitimate body of

theology was set in place,
particularly and more

famously what we call the
Nicene Creed. And to this

day, the Nicene Creed is
repeated in many churches as

an act of worship. It sets
out by a statement by a

creed, the basic
foundational beliefs of the

Christian Church, the Nicene
Creed, has nothing to say,

in fact, about the Jewish
people. At this time, the

Catholic Church in no way
resembled what it has become

today, as its teachings and
thinking was still

primitive. But one thing
remained, and that was its

antipathy toward the Jews.
And this reinforced its

doctrine of contempt. So at
this period, this doctrine

of contempt was beginning to
get a foothold in the

Catholic Church. I just want
to say this is no intention

intended address to vilify
the Catholic Church in any

way. It's just historically
true. These are the

historical facts of
Christian anti semitism. And

then a cauterized hatred and
despising of the Jews had

taken root in many
communities throughout

Europe, from the fifth
century onwards. This is

very important to understand
because once an issue is

culture arised in a
community, this is very

important folk, if we're
going to challenge anti

semitism today. Once

an issue is culture arised
in a community, it becomes

very hard to remove and its
impact. It impacts

generations to come. You can
imagine my shock of this app

actually happened in
Murfreesboro. When recently

in a prayer meeting, a man
got up requesting prayer.

Because as he put it, he had
been Jude by a fellow

Christian businessman. So he
wasn't even referring to the

Jews. And he wasn't in any
way making a statement about

his interaction with the
Jewish community. Indeed, he

was talking about how a
fellow Christian had cheated

him. But you can see from
that statement, that he

conveyed the thought that
actually, if someone does

you in, you've been Jude,
the Jewish people are

cheats, and crooks, and they
will do you in. And this is

what he said in a prayer
meeting. And when I

challenged him afterwards,
in fact, he repented of it.

But when I challenged him, I
found out from him and

others, that this was a
fairly regular type of

proverb. In the community,
it had been culture arised.

And so while this fellow
actually had a real love for

Israel, he just wasn't
thinking he conveyed

something.

That was awful. But he
didn't think about it,

because he grew up with it.

And so we had to repent of
it. And then, of course, be

in the fifth century
onwards, there was a Cody

FIDE warning to desist from
having any relationships

with Jews, was put in place.
See, Jews began to be blamed

for natural disasters,
plagues, and other

misfortunes in countries.
Centuries later, the Nazis

would state the Jews are our
misfortune. So previously,

they were blamed for
misfortunes, whether this

that disasters plays. But by
the time you get to the

Nazis, the Jews themselves
are our misfortune. It just

demonstrates how these anti
semitic things get rooted in

lives. And as I said, they
become culture arised. So

Christians began to accuse
Jews of killing their

children in Passover
rituals, or poisoning the

water wells, etc. In the
fifth century onwards, this

type of libel, and by the
way, it continues to this

day, even concerning covid
19, can you believe it, the

Jews are somehow behind it.
And it's terrible. These are

cultural things that have
taken root in communities

and Christian communities.
through the centuries, Jews

were limited to certain
professions and herded into

designated living areas. And
so the phenomenon of the

Jewish ghetto began to
emerge. So that's what you

have, from the fifth century
onwards, and it's not good.

And then we come to the
Middle Ages, Jewish

communities actually began
to flourish in the Middle

Ages, in countries like
Germany, France, and

England, and Jews, by virtue
of their love of books,

learning, and diligence,
began to occupy places of

influence and importance,
and indeed, many became

wealthy. This angered the
locals who were infused with

jealousy, which in turn,
ignited the age old

accusations of being Christ
killers and abominable to

God. All of this inevitably
led to expulsions and

restrictions. And so they
were expelled from England,

in 1290, from France in
1306. And from Spain in

1492. In many places like
Spain, they could avoid

expulsion, only by means of
forced conversions to the

Christian faith. In some
situations like that of the

Spanish Inquisition. The
failure to convert was made

with torture and execution.
And then we come to the

Crusades. That is, we
talking from 1096 to 1188 of

the Common Era, the rise of
Islam in the eighth century,

and it sweeps through the
Middle East. North Africa

and Eastern Europe, along
the Christian world because

the Muslims had occupied the
Holy Land and began to lay

waste the holy Christian
sites, including those of

Jerusalem. They were
perceived as the enemies of

God, and therefore had to be
removed from these

consequently, Pope Urban the
second, called for an armed

resistance to the Muslims,
and raised an army of 30,000

men to undertake it. This
was called the First

Crusade.

Sadly, by this time, the
Jews had been so vilified in

Europe and beyond that they
were all perceived as the

enemies of God as well. And
thus, on the way to the Holy

Land, the Crusader army
planted and massacred the

Jews of peyer worms and
ments in Germany and many

other places with
enthusiastic help of the

local peasantry, the
testimony, the testimonies,

my friends in this regard,
are simply awful. And if you

read them, it's absolutely
dreadful. What they did to

the Jewish communities in
Europe as they moved toward

the Holy Land. When the
Crusaders finally conquered

Jerusalem, they herded the
Jews into the great

synagogue and burned it
down. All the while they

stood outside shouting,
Christ, we adore the the

First Crusade was followed
by two more that took place

in 1147, and 1188. Sadly,
the Jews in mind, they

target and the idea of these
crusades has remained in

Christian thinking and
practice up until our time,

in that many great outdoor
evangelistic meetings are

advertised advertised as
crusades. Now, there's

nothing wrong with these, by
the way. But it's just a

leftover. It's like this
culture, right thing, again,

that reaches into history
reaches into the future. So

that's something that was so
terrible in his destruction

of the Jewish people in
Europe, in terms of the

Crusader armies that move
through to the Holy Land has

been sort of taken up as a
Christian way of thinking

when it comes to having
great meetings, like Billy

Graham and many others, and
there's nothing wrong with

that. There's nothing anti
semitic in them. They just

wonderful big Christian
meetings around the world,

but it's just a point that
I'm making about how

something gets culture
arised. And we use it easily

not thinking of its original
implications. Also, it was

in 1215, that the Catholic
Church came up with the idea

that the Jews should be
recognized by a special

dress code. Nearly 750 years
later, Hitler considered

this an appropriate manner
by which to identify the

Jews. And that brings us to
our eighth point in our

presentation today, and that
is the Reformation. Martin

Luther his attempt to reform
the Catholic Church, though

failed, that, in fact, spark
and amazing revival of

biblical truth that led to
the establishment of the

protesting churches,
otherwise known as

Protestants. So his attempt
at inwardly reforming the

Catholic Church actually
failed. The Catholic Church

closed against his suggested
theses that he hammered on

the door and, and forced
many of the Christians who

were longing for major
change. And, as we call it,

reformation, to leave the
church and set up these

protesting churches, which
today, we call Protestants.

This was an evangelical
revival, with an emphasis on

sola scriptura. In other
words, the Word of God only.

And that is that the church
should only be built on what

the Bible of both testaments
has to teach us and nothing

else. The Bible only the
benefit to the Jewish world

in this regard should not be
under estimated. That's

important. The benefit to
the Jewish world in this

regard should not be
underestimated, even though

Luther in his latter years
became an anti Semite,

because it leaves People
back to the Bible, which

placed the Jews in a very
different light to that

which the Catholic Church
had presented them. And a

number of things, aided
this, first of all, the

invention in 1492, of the
printing press. So here for

the first time,

the Bible could be placed in
the hands of the common

people. So, the translation
of the Bible into the

language of the common
people, by people like

Wickliffe, Tyndale, and has,
all of which were tortured

and killed by the Catholics.
But this suddenly opened up

the Word of God, to so many
people that had never read

it or even set eyes upon it
before the founding of the

printing press. And this
also led to the birthing of

independent evangelical
churches that began to

embrace the Jews with love
and appreciation. And this

is absolutely important for
us to understand in the

light of Christian anti
semitism, that once the Word

of God got into the hands of
the common man, attitudes

began to change rapidly.
Having said this, however,

Luther who was deeply
indebted to Jewish rabbis,

for his expositions of the
Hebrew Scriptures eventually

turned against them. And in
his book against the Jews

and the lies, he advocated
for their destruction,

abuse, expulsion, and
vilification. Indeed, Luther

called the papacy nervous
referring to the papacy to

the Pope, but the whole
structure he called it the

devil's synagogue, which
carried awful associations.

Concerning the Jews, of
course, another culture

arised issue, you see how
important this cultural

issue is, that you can refer
to something else as an

abomination. But in doing
so, you use anti semitic

terminology that continues
to place the Jewish people

in a bad light. Naturally,
these writings eventually

found their way into the
Lutheran Church of Germany

and thus, again, infected
the people with a disdain

and hatred of the Jews, the
culture is zation of Jew

hatred continued, and would
have an awful would have

awful consequences for the
Jews. In the 20th century,

it's important for us to
know that this issue, my

friends, of anti semitic
culturalization, has to be

taken on the nation of
Germany would easily accept

Hitler's rantings against
the Jews, and turned a blind

eye to their abuse and
murder. on an industrial

scale, that's how serious
this issue became. So we

have another question. Where
did Martin Luther go wrong?

Well, first of all, let's
say this, that he did bring

a remarkable transformation
to the churches doctrinal

positions. And he, in terms
of the church, restored the

foundational teaching, which
is justification by faith.

But you have to understand
that contextually, he came

out of the Catholic Church,
contextually, he knew of the

doctrine of contempt,
contextually, he had this

whole thing of anti
Jewishness and the

culturalization of that, and
in repealing many false

doctrinal positions, he
never went far enough. And,

in fact, it's true that he
did not embrace the doctrine

of contempt eventually, but
he did see the Jewish people

as a rejected nation because
he bought into what we call

reformed or replacement
theology. The church for him

was the Israel of God,
period. So this is is where

Luther went wrong. But of
course, he did ignite

something that was quite
incredible. And that was

sola scriptura. And that
brings us to our ninth

point, pogroms
restorationists and pyatters

of the 16th century and
beyond.

While Jews were still held
in contempt by the Catholic

Church, and some Protestant
churches, the seeds of a new

day were being sold by a,
the pious artistic movements

of Germany, Scandinavia, and
England. So have you ever

heard of the moravians, the
Moravian Church, the

Moravian missionary church,
it had more people in the

four corners of the earth
than they did, actually,

eventually, in Germany, they
fled from the Czech

Republic, or it's called
that today. And they ended

up in Germany, and they call
on the people, to love the

Jewish people and to pray
for them. These are

remarkable movements. And
then you have industry God,

the Puritans of England,
they were responsible for

the famous King James
Version of the Bible, the

most beautiful translation
of the Bible, ever done, and

ever will be done, nothing
will ever compare with it.

That is the King James
Version of the Bible, they

actually spoke Hebrew. And
once in power, they reversed

the expulsion of the Jews
from the country in 1290.

They were destined to become
the founding fathers of

America. And people don't
know it, but it's absolutely

true. When they founded the
original States of America,

the pilgrim fathers, they
actually wanted the official

language of this new
founding entity to be

Hebrew. They so much love
the Jewish people, and the

Hebrew language, but they
gave birth to a nation that

has given remarkable
freedom, refuge and equal

standing to the Jewish
people. So this is a

remarkable story that comes
directly out of the

reformation, that birth,
this idea of the Bible only.

And these groups went
further, then Luther, and

rejected anti semitism, you
have the wisdom and revival

that eventually would spread
to all the world, which was

sympathetic to the Jewish
people. And its leaders even

advocated for the
restoration to the land of

Israel. Charles wisely the
great hymn writer, wrote

hymns, in fact, about the
return of the Jewish people

to the land of Israel,
because they saw it as a

biblical truth. They
understood the scriptures in

their context. They didn't
spiritualize them if they

were literally in context,
they took it like that. And

if they were spiritual, they
took it like that, but they

were quite amazing. Then you
have many of the historical

churches, however, remained
entrenched in the antipathy

to the Jewish people, and
asserted what had now become

replacement theology. This
sadly continues until this

day, and is at the very
heart of organizations like

the World Council of
Churches. In their

continuing effort to
disinvest the Jews from

Jerusalem and the biblical
homeland. They made the most

vile anti semitic statements
recently. And that brings us

to the 19th century. While
the restoration of England

were calling for a Jewish
state in the Holy Land, in

France, a famed French
military officer who had

fought valiantly for his
country, was falsely accused

in 1894 of passing military
secrets to Germany, even

though everyone knew that he
was innocent, but he was a

Jew. And so he became a
scapegoat. And his name was

Captain Alfred Dreyfus. His
straw was covered by a

Jewish journalist from piano
called Theodore hurtle. And

he was so outraged that he
recognized that the hatred

of the Jews in Europe was so
entrenched that his

culturalization

that the Jews needed to
establish a stake in Israel

as the only means by which
they would find refuge

strength and continuity.
Dreyfus was wrongly

convicted of treason, and
given a life sentence to be

carried out on Devil's
Island in French Guiana.

hertzel then wrote the you
didn't start, that is the

Jewish state, and became the
father of the modern day

nation of Israel. That a
trial and conviction of an

innocent man could take
place only because he was

Jewish, demonstrated how
deeply anti semitic anti

semitism had penetrated
Christian France. And being

a Catholic nation, the
doctrine of contempt

perpetuated this important
to know that the doctrine of

content perpetuated this
idea that the Jews only

existed to be a people as an
example of the judgment and

the curse of God. A
disturbing part of the 19th

century 1881 1906 was the
pogroms against the Jews

that erupted in Russia.
These were savage and

terrible, and carried out by
the Russian Orthodox Church

was willing help, again from
the peasantry, on Christian

feast days after going to
church, particularly on

Easter that people would
rampage through Jewish

communities plundering and
murdering at will. It was

shortly after this in 1919,
that an anti semitic

document called the
Protocols of the Elders of

Zion, appeared on the scene.
It was a Russian forgery

that asserted that the Jews
were behind a plan to seize

world domination. And sadly,
it is thought circulated

today, ns field anti
semitism in many parts of

the world, and that brings
us to the 20th century. With

the arrival of the 20th
century, Europe was

certainly played by systemic
anti semitism. It was always

bubbling under the surface
of systems of society that

appear to be modern,
sophisticated, and very

cultured. This was
particularly true of Germany

and Eastern Europe. Also,
the hatred of nations was

real and undetected, and the
events in Sarajevo whereby

arch Duke Franz Ferdinand
was assassinated, which led

to the outbreak of the First
World War demonstrates that

so there was a real hatred
between nations. At the same

time, Germany lost the war.
And Hitler and his thugs

attributed this defeat to
the Jews. That is

historically true, he was
enraged at them, and

vilified them at every turn,
openly, and in big rallies.

The German population in
here this and even

enthusiastically welcomed
it. The German fury spoke

openly of his hatred for the
Jews, and outlined his

intentions with them in his
book mine comfort, which he

wrote in 1925. say if
Jabotinsky saw the writing

on the wall and went through
Europe in 1936, especially

Eastern Europe, calling upon
the Jews to leave and return

to Palestine. he famously
said, quote, liquidate

yourselves from Europe or
Europe or liquidate you.

Sadly, he was largely
ignored, because the outward

sophistication of Europe was
enlightened and civilized.

And people didn't believe
that what he was saying was

true. Jabotinsky knew and
understood that the seeds of

hatred against the Jews that
had been sown for centuries

by the church would bring
about a calamity of huge

proportions.

Undoubtedly, Hitler's rise
to power and his

determination to exterminate
the Jews of Europe, which

found expression in the
Holocaust. During the Second

World War, whereby 6 million
of them were murdered was a

catastrophe of huge
proportions. The Nazis were

not Christians. But the
church, through the

centuries provided the
climate, which made the

Holocaust possible. Jews
were always fair game. And

so the Christians turned a
blind eye and largely did

nothing. The shockwaves of
this horror were felt

throughout the world. And
finally, Christians began to

recognize and awake from the
awful past. And the Second

Vatican Council held in
1964, a document was

produced called nostra Tata,
meaning in our time, which

finally reversed the
doctrine of contempt. It

came centuries, to light. It
is because of this period,

uniquely, that your shame
exists today. And we need to

know that as a reminder of a
memorial, to the dignity and

the lives of millions of
Jewish people and children

who were murdered in the
Second World War, brings me

to my last question. What is
the nature of emerging anti

semitism in the church
today? That is, is it

theological by nature? Or is
there something else

driving? Good question.
Actually, things have

changed. And there's a sort
of a new anti semitism, of

course, they are churches
that are still gripped in

what we call replacement
theology. The idea that the

church alone constitutes the
people of God, and that the

Jewish people have no
destiny under God, which

Paul affirms, they do have.
So there is still around,

but in fact, it is not as
strong today as it was

before. And there is a new
form of anti semitism

emerging. And to some
degree, it's impacting the

evangelical churches,
largely speaking, the

evangelical churches of the
world. And the movements,

they're too attached, do not
have an anti semitic record,

like those of the historical
churches of Europe, but

they're all cracks in the
wall. And these cracks are

getting bigger and bigger
with every passing day. And

it has to do with this, the
new anti semitism is growing

out of the seeds of what we
call the social justice

issues. And this is
overtaking churches, and

denominations who don't hold
to replacement theology,

they reject it. And they may
even see a future for the

Jewish people in the land of
Israel, but they have taken

on board solely a
Palestinian narrative of the

conflict in the region. And
so you see more and more

Christian movements and
churches taking on the

Palestinian cause. And,

and this has brought forth
anti semitism, in many ways.

And this is increasing. And
it's all being built on what

we call the social justice
issues. So it's a different

theological foundation. And
it essentially states that

the Jews have trampled down
upon the Palestinian people.

They are the or they are the
new people who are being

oppressed. And out of that
comes the lie that Israel is

an apartheid state. And then
you have the BDS movement

and all of these things, and
they are penetrating many

Christian communities. And
while we understand that

this is a long lasting
conflict, and we appreciate

the sufferings of people in
many respects, it is it is

true That out of this is
growing an alarming anti

semitism. And it's something
that will have to be

addressed urgently by people
who understand the real

issues of the region. God
bless you. Thank you so much

for listening

shim style today historic
partnership with the global

evangelical Christian
community. Tell me a little

bit about the history of how
did it start, you played a

central role in that.

When I started working at
the adverse shame, I came to

know where Malcolm had angry
get to know each other and

we started meeting each
other from time to time and

talking, we established a
partnership between the

adverse shaved Christian
friends of Yad Vashem, the

Christian desk of Yad Vashem
and the International

Christian embassy. It's
about the support that we

need to get from the
Christian world, which is

very important to for me the
admission to be supported by

by the Christian world, but
it's also part of our common

mission to educate the world

what I see as Muslim awful
to Christians and how can

Christians support your
question?

So Kristin support here
vishram in many different

ways, helping us to bring
the soldiers we spoke about

the importance educating the
soldiers, educating us, Jews

and non Jews were educating
their 1000 non Jews or

coming to visit you even put
a rubber seal down. Also

Branca, ARBs, Hill to
educate them. We need the

support to continue with
Christian seminars that we

have here. We would like to
have more seminars, we would

like to bring young gay
Christian leaders they to

transform in order to end
where they will take a major

role in their communities
that they will have

knowledge and understanding
what why it's important what

is the role of follow cost
in shaping the identity of

their communities. So that
can be a very important way

to support the adverse
shame.

You know, shy knowing you
are now for all those seals

I think we know each other
more than 50 years. You are

the son of Holocaust
survivors who could have had

any reason to say I didn't
want to have anything to do

with Christians anymore,
especially chairman's like I

am and the warmth and
embrace that we feel here on

this institution and the
knowledge coming spirits

from Christians around the
world who stand with them

and to receive their
support. That's amazing. And

I really want to
congratulate the adoption

and you personally, for this
visionary voice that you're

doing here.

Our major role is to ensure
the legacy of the survivors

that's what they wanted,
they established Yad Vashem

followings all across the
survivors established the

adverse shape and they want
the adverse shame to be a

place that will carry on the
legacy for eternity.

Cheyenne Ellison amazing
passage that your boss input

on the entry and exit gate
of Yad Vashem, what does it

mean for you and for Yad
Vashem?

When we did this a work of
building Yad Vashem yourself

or Sophie what should be the
final message when someone

is coming out of the adverse
shame? And we thought that

the message from the book of
Zakat from the prophets of

Zakat is the right words
because I will put my

breasts into you, and you
shall live again, I will set

you upon your own soil. It's
the right message when you

come out of the adverse
shame,

Sharia. Thank you so much
for having us here today.

This was an amazing day we
learned so much, and thanks

for this incredible
partnership.

Thank you for coming to our
bar.

God bless you. God

bless you.

Bye bye. Here. We have been
confronted with the Abbott's

of the human heart, but at
the same time we met amazing

people that are building
bridges. between Jews and

Christians. As Christians,
we have the serious

responsibility to support
and to speak up for Assad

and for the Jewish people.
We cannot afford to be

silent again. To learn more
about the ways that the ice

j is actively fighting anti
semitism, and how you can be

a part of this meaningful
work, go to ice j.org slash

Yad Vashem