-
Shah Rukh Khan: Something goes wrong
with the air that we take for granted.
-
The ill effects are suffered by all,
-
rich and poor, city people
and village folks,
-
those inland and those on the coast.
-
Nobody is exempt.
-
So how do we give our children
the chance to grow up in a world
-
where the air is clean?
-
Our next speaker
addresses this vital question.
-
So join me in giving
a wholehearted welcome
-
to the public policy expert and author,
-
the multifaceted Dr. Arunabha Ghosh.
-
(Music)
-
Arunabha Ghosh: Let me tell you
a story from China.
-
In 2014, China declared war on pollution.
-
In November that year,
-
there was an international summit there.
-
Presidents and prime ministers
from many countries arrived.
-
So industries around Beijing
were shut down,
-
half the cars were taken off the road.
-
That week, I took a photograph
of the unusually blue sky in Beijing.
-
A few days later,
when the summit had ended,
-
the factories were humming again,
-
the sky had again turned light grey.
-
So newspapers started
urging the government
-
to make the blue skies permanent.
-
Then in early 2015, a private citizen
produced a documentary on air pollution
-
called "Under the Dome."
-
Just within four days,
it was viewed 300 million times,
-
and millions more continued
discussing it on social media.
-
Eventually, the government acted,
-
and by 2018,
-
the bulk of the Chinese population
-
had witnessed a decline in air pollution
-
by 32 percent on average.
-
When will we demand clean air in India?
-
I have a six-year-old daughter.
-
Every morning, when I drop her
to the school bus stop,
-
I have to remind her
not to take off her mask.
-
That's the kind of world we live in.
-
One day she pointed me to an advertisement
-
for a face wash,
-
which claimed that the polluting particles
lodged deeply in our skin
-
could be miraculously washed off.
-
But what of the particles
lodged in our lungs?
-
When it's difficult
to make out the difference
-
between the lung of a smoker
and the lung of a nonsmoker,
-
we have a real problem,
-
because I can run an air purifier at home,
-
but can I lock up my daughter at home?
-
Air pollution is the great leveler.
-
It affects us all,
-
rich and poor,
-
city dweller or village folk,
-
those living inland
or those living on the coast,
-
and it's affecting our health,
-
our economic growth, our quality of life.
-
In 2017, more than
1.2 million deaths in India
-
were attributable to air pollution.
-
That's more than those deaths
caused by HIV/AIDS,
-
tuberculosis, malaria or diarrhea.
-
At the Council on Energy,
Environment and Water,
-
my colleagues find that today,
one in two Indians is breathing air
-
that does not meet
our air quality standards.
-
And the economic impact
of this public health crisis
-
is more than 80 billion
dollars every year.
-
At CEEW, my colleagues find
-
that 80 percent of Indians
can breathe clean air
-
if we adopted stringent
pollution controls.
-
So here is my vision for India.
-
In 2027,
-
when we are celebrating
our 80th year of independence,
-
can we ensure that, by then,
-
80 cities in India have reduced
air pollution by 80 percent?
-
Let's called this Mission 80-80-80,
-
and this is possible,
-
but the role of citizens
is going to be critical.
-
To combat air pollution,
-
we have to create a democratic demand
-
for clean air.
-
We can make this happen.
-
First, we have to educate ourselves.
-
Low-cost sensors give us real-time
information about the air quality,
-
but we still need information
-
about how to interpret it and how to act.
-
So we need to target information
to schools and children,
-
to resident welfare associations,
-
to the elderly, who are more at risk.
-
You know, when the temperature outside
is 30 degrees versus 40 degrees,
-
we know how to dress,
-
we know what to do, what not to do.
-
We need, similarly, information
on what precautions to take
-
when the air quality outside is poor,
-
very poor, severe or hazardous.
-
Second, we need to become active monitors.
-
Today, most Indian cities
and much of rural India
-
have no air quality monitoring at all.
-
So we need to demand
that air quality sensors
-
are installed in every constituency.
-
Today, in Parliament,
who is going to stand up for us
-
as the air quality warrior?
-
When enforcement agencies
land up at polluting sites
-
or dust-spewing construction sites,
-
their whack-a-mole approach
doesn't always work,
-
because as soon as their attention
turns somewhere else,
-
the offenders go back
to business as usual.
-
We citizens have to become
the fire alarms.
-
We have to demand
emergency call-in numbers
-
and specialized task forces
-
that can respond in real time
to pollution sites.
-
So we need not just the authority
but the enforcement strength
-
to crack down.
-
Third,
-
we have to be prepared to pay a price,
-
whether it's for cars using BS6 fuel
-
or for more expensive electricity
from cleaner power plants.
-
Last year, just before Diwali,
-
I took a surprise inspection
of polluting industries
-
in an unauthorized industrial area
just outside of Delhi,
-
and I found polluting
firecrackers were being sold.
-
The Supreme Court had mandated
only green firecrackers could be sold,
-
but those were nowhere to be found.
-
But the polluting ones were available.
-
Why?
-
Because we were ready to buy.
-
As citizens, we have to reduce
the demand for these polluting products
-
or be prepared to pay more
for cleaner products.
-
Fourth step: let's build some empathy
for our fellow citizens.
-
How much does it take
to keep a night guard warm
-
rather than force them to burn rubbish
to stay warm in winter?
-
Or, let's take farmers.
-
You know, it's very easy to blame them
for burning the stubble
-
of the rice paddy crop every winter,
which causes air pollution.
-
It's much harder to understand
-
that it's the combination
of our agricultural policy
-
and our groundwater crisis
-
that often leaves the farmer
with no option but to burn the stubble.
-
So we need to draw in
the urban poor laborer
-
or the rural poor farmer
-
into our collective call for clean air.
-
Farmers come and tell us that they
want to adopt sustainable agriculture,
-
but they need some help.
-
And fifth, we have to
change our lifestyles.
-
Yes, public transport
is often not available,
-
but the choice to buy a cleaner,
less polluting private vehicle is ours.
-
The choice to segregate
and recycle household waste is ours.
-
You know, in Surat after the 1994 plague,
-
citizens there take pride
in keeping their city
-
one of the cleanest in the country.
-
Down south in Mysore,
-
public-private partnerships
and citizen-led eco clubs
-
are coming together to reduce,
segregate and recycle waste in a manner
-
that landfills can be
eliminated altogether.
-
Now I'm not saying that officials
have no responsibility here,
-
but it is our collective apathy
-
that takes the pressure
off of our parliamentarians,
-
the bureaucrats
-
or the enforcement agencies.
-
Mission 80-80-80 will only begin
-
when we demand it.
-
We have to create
a democratic demand for clean air,
-
because citizens, you and me,
-
can decide what kind of air we breathe.
-
Thank you.
-
(Applause)
-
SRK: Thank you so much.
-
Tell me something: India, our country,
-
do we have any advantages?
-
Have we become aware of it earlier
-
because of all the inputs
from people like you?
-
AG: Our biggest strength:
-
our people and our ability to make change
-
without always necessarily
relying only on the government.
-
And that strength of civil society
and civil demand
-
for a civilized living condition
-
is, I think, our biggest asset.
-
Then, all of those and more will happen.
-
(Applause)
-
SRK: Thank you, Dr. Ghosh.
Bless you for coming here.
-
And it's very enlightening.
-
Thank you very much,
and all the best with 80-80-80.
-
Dr. Ghosh, everyone.
AG: Thank you.
-
(Applause)