The case for a decentralized internet
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0:01 - 0:02Three years ago,
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0:02 - 0:05I started building a decentralized web
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0:06 - 0:09because I was worried
about the future of our internet. -
0:10 - 0:12The current internet we are using
is about gatekeepers. -
0:12 - 0:15If you want to reach something on the web,
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0:15 - 0:17then you need to go
through multiple middlemen. -
0:17 - 0:20First, a domain name server,
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0:20 - 0:22then a server hosting company,
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0:22 - 0:26which usually points you to a third party,
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0:26 - 0:28to a web hosting service.
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0:29 - 0:33And this happens every time
you want to reach a website on the web. -
0:33 - 0:38But these gatekeepers are
vulnerable to internet attacks -
0:38 - 0:42and also makes the censorship
and the surveillance easier. -
0:43 - 0:45And the situation is getting worse.
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0:46 - 0:48Everything is moving to the cloud,
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0:48 - 0:51where the data is hosted
by giant corporations. -
0:51 - 0:56This move creates much,
much more powerful middlemen. -
0:57 - 0:59Now, move to the cloud makes sense
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0:59 - 1:01because this way it's easier and cheaper
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1:01 - 1:03for the developers
and the service operators. -
1:03 - 1:07They don't have to worry
about maintaining the physical servers. -
1:09 - 1:14I can't blame them, but I found
this trend to be very dangerous, -
1:14 - 1:16because this way, these giant corporations
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1:16 - 1:20have unlimited control
over the hosting services. -
1:21 - 1:24And it's very easy to abuse this power.
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1:25 - 1:29For example, last year, a CEO of a company
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1:29 - 1:34that acts as a gatekeeper
for nine million websites -
1:34 - 1:36decided, after some public pressure,
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1:36 - 1:38that one of the sites it manages,
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1:38 - 1:41a far right page, should be blocked.
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1:43 - 1:45He then sent an internal email
to his coworkers. -
1:47 - 1:49"This was an arbitrary decision.
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1:51 - 1:53I woke up this morning in a bad mood
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1:53 - 1:56and decided to kick them
off the Internet." -
1:58 - 2:00Even he admits,
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2:00 - 2:02"No one should have this power."
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2:04 - 2:07As a response, one of
the employees asked him, -
2:07 - 2:09"Is this the day the Internet dies?"
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2:12 - 2:14I don't think we are actually
killing the internet, -
2:14 - 2:16but I do think that we are in the middle
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2:16 - 2:19of a kind of irresponsible
centralization process -
2:19 - 2:22that makes our internet more fragile.
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2:23 - 2:26The decentralized, people-to-people web
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2:26 - 2:30solves this problem
by removing the central points, -
2:30 - 2:31the web-hosting services.
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2:32 - 2:34It empowers the users
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2:34 - 2:38to have host sites they want to preserve.
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2:39 - 2:44On this network, the sites get downloaded
directly from other visitors. -
2:45 - 2:47This means, if you have a site
with 100 visitors, -
2:47 - 2:51then it's hosted
[by] 100 computers around the world. -
2:52 - 2:57Basically, this is a people-powered
version of the internet. -
2:59 - 3:03The security of the network
is provided by public-key cryptography. -
3:03 - 3:06This makes sure that no one
can modify the sites -
3:06 - 3:08but only the real owner.
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3:09 - 3:14Think of it like instead of getting
electricity from big power plants, -
3:14 - 3:16you put solar panels on top of your house,
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3:16 - 3:19and if your neighbor down the street
needs some extra energy, -
3:19 - 3:22then they can just download
some from your house. -
3:25 - 3:28So by using the decentralized web,
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3:28 - 3:32we can help to keep content
accessible for other visitors. -
3:33 - 3:35And by that, it means
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3:36 - 3:39that we can also fight against things
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3:39 - 3:41that we feel are unjust,
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3:42 - 3:43like censorship.
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3:44 - 3:47In China, the internet
is tightly controlled. -
3:49 - 3:52They can't criticize the government,
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3:52 - 3:54organize a protest,
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3:55 - 3:57and it's also forbidden to post
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3:57 - 4:02a kind of emoticon to remember the victims
of the Tiananmen Square Massacre. -
4:03 - 4:06With the decentralized web,
it's not the government that decides -
4:06 - 4:08what gets seen and what doesn't.
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4:09 - 4:11It's the people,
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4:11 - 4:13which makes the web more democratic.
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4:15 - 4:17But at the same time,
it's hard to use this network -
4:17 - 4:20to do something that is clearly illegal
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4:20 - 4:21everywhere in the world,
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4:21 - 4:25as the users probably
don't want to endanger themselves -
4:25 - 4:27hosting these kinds
of problematic content. -
4:30 - 4:33Another increasing threat
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4:33 - 4:34to internet freedom
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4:35 - 4:37is overregulation.
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4:39 - 4:41I have the impression
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4:41 - 4:43that our delegates
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4:43 - 4:46who vote on the internet regulation laws
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4:46 - 4:49are not fully aware of their decisions.
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4:50 - 4:53For example, the European Parliament
has a new law on the table, -
4:53 - 4:55a new copyright protection law,
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4:55 - 4:58that has a part called Article 13.
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5:00 - 5:04If it passes, it would require
every big website -
5:04 - 5:06to implement a filter
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5:06 - 5:10that automatically blocks content
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5:10 - 5:13based on rules controlled
by big corporations. -
5:14 - 5:16The original idea is
to protect copyrighted materials, -
5:16 - 5:20but it would endanger many other things
we do on the internet: -
5:20 - 5:24blogging, criticizing,
discussing, linking and sharing. -
5:25 - 5:29Google and YouTube
already have similar systems -
5:29 - 5:34and they are receiving
100,000 takedown requests every hour. -
5:35 - 5:39Of course, they can't process
this amount of data by hand, -
5:39 - 5:40so they are using machine learning
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5:40 - 5:43to decide if it's really
a copyright violation or not. -
5:45 - 5:48But these filters do make mistakes.
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5:49 - 5:55They're removing everything
from documentation of human rights abuses, -
5:55 - 5:58lectures about copyrights
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5:58 - 6:00and search results
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6:00 - 6:05that point to criticism
of this new Article 13. -
6:07 - 6:10Beside of that, they are also
removing many other things. -
6:12 - 6:19And sometimes, these filters
aren't just removing the specific content, -
6:19 - 6:24but it could also lead
to loss of your linked accounts: -
6:24 - 6:28your email address,
your documents, your photos, -
6:28 - 6:30or your unfinished book,
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6:30 - 6:33which happened
with the writer Dennis Cooper. -
6:34 - 6:38It's not hard to see
how a system like this could be abused -
6:38 - 6:42by politicians and corporate competitors.
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6:44 - 6:50This Article 13, the extension of these
automated filters to the whole internet, -
6:50 - 6:52got strong opposition
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6:52 - 6:58from Wikipedia, Github,
Mozilla, and many others, -
6:58 - 7:03including the original founders
of the internet and the World Wide Web, -
7:03 - 7:05Vint Cerf and Tim Berners-Lee.
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7:06 - 7:09But despite this strong opposition,
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7:09 - 7:11on the last European Parliament vote,
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7:11 - 7:15two thirds of the representatives
supported this law. -
7:17 - 7:20The final vote will be early 2019.
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7:21 - 7:23The result is important,
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7:23 - 7:26but whatever happens,
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7:26 - 7:31I'm pretty sure it will be followed
by many other similar proposals -
7:31 - 7:32around the world.
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7:33 - 7:36These kinds of regulations
would be very hard to enforce -
7:36 - 7:38through a decentralized web,
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7:38 - 7:40as there is no hosting companies.
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7:41 - 7:44The websites are served
by the visitors themselves. -
7:46 - 7:50I started to build
this network three years ago. -
7:51 - 7:55Since then, I've spent thousands,
tens of thousands of hours -
7:55 - 7:57on the development.
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7:58 - 7:59Why?
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7:59 - 8:03Why would anyone spend thousands of hours
on something anyone can freely copy, -
8:03 - 8:05rename, or even sell?
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8:08 - 8:09Well, in my case,
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8:09 - 8:12one of the reasons was
to do something meaningful. -
8:13 - 8:15During my daily regular job
as a web developer, -
8:15 - 8:18I didn't have the feeling
that I'm working on something -
8:19 - 8:21that had a chance to be a bigger than me.
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8:23 - 8:27Simply, I just wanted to make
my short presence in this world -
8:27 - 8:28to be meaningful.
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8:31 - 8:36Last year, the Great Firewall of China
started blocking this network I created. -
8:37 - 8:41This move officially made me the enemy
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8:41 - 8:44of the government-supported
internet censorship. -
8:46 - 8:49Since then, it's been really
a game of cat and mouse. -
8:49 - 8:51They make new rules in the firewall
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8:51 - 8:54and I try to react to it as fast as I can
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8:55 - 8:59so the users can keep hosting content
and create websites -
8:59 - 9:04that otherwise would be censored
by the centralized Chinese internet. -
9:06 - 9:10My other motivation
to create this network was worry. -
9:11 - 9:16I fear that the future of our internet
is out of our control. -
9:16 - 9:20The increasing centralization
and the proposed laws -
9:20 - 9:22are threatening our freedom of speech
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9:22 - 9:25and, by that, our democracy.
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9:25 - 9:29So for me, building a decentralized web
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9:29 - 9:32means creating a safe harbor,
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9:32 - 9:39a space where the rules are not written
by big corporations and political parties, -
9:39 - 9:41but by the people.
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9:42 - 9:43Thank you.
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9:43 - 9:47(Applause)
- Title:
- The case for a decentralized internet
- Speaker:
- Tamas Kocsis
- Description:
-
Who controls the internet? Increasingly, the answer is large corporations and governments -- a trend that's threatening digital privacy and access to information online, says web developer Tamas Kocsis. In this informative talk, Kocsis breaks down the different threats to internet freedom and shares his plan to build an alternative, decentralized network that returns power to everyday users.
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDTalks
- Duration:
- 10:00
Oliver Friedman edited English subtitles for The case for a decentralized internet | ||
Oliver Friedman edited English subtitles for The case for a decentralized internet | ||
Joanna Pietrulewicz accepted English subtitles for The case for a decentralized internet | ||
Joanna Pietrulewicz edited English subtitles for The case for a decentralized internet | ||
Joanna Pietrulewicz edited English subtitles for The case for a decentralized internet | ||
Joseph Geni edited English subtitles for The case for a decentralized internet |