CHIN 212 lesson 20 review 2

This video is about CHIN 212 lesson 20 review 2

大家好。我是张老师。
(Dàjiā hǎo. Wǒ shì zhāng lǎoshī.)

今天我们要学的是第二部分
(Jīntiān wǒmen yào xué de shì dì èr bùfèn)

Part 2 of Chapter 20

第二部分还是复习
(dì èr bùfèn háishì fùxí)

Still review

So all these sentences, all the
structures, you have learned before

你应该知道
(nǐ yīnggāi zhīdào)

You should know

今天我们要讲的呢是 sentence with verbal predicate
(jīntiān wǒmen yào jiǎng de ne shì)

There's many different verbal predicate

and I just picked up the most common ones.

Let's review together

第一个: sentence + verb

The simplest

我吃水果
(Wǒ chī shuǐguǒ)

吃 is to eat, so I eat fruit

That's a sentence

Very simple

我 subject 吃水果

it's a verb, and 水果 specifically
should be an object

but 吃水果, considered as
one is a verbal predicate

好。 来看第二个
(hǎo. lái kàn dì èr gè)

他没有中文书
(tā méiyǒu zhōngwén shū)

没有 (méiyǒu) is negative for 有 (yǒu)

so 没有 something = I don't have something

Here, he is the subject.
He doesn't have Chinese book

他没有中文书
(tā méiyǒu zhōngwén shū)

So you can consider 没有中文书,
it's one verbal predicate

第二个：subject with adjective

Chinese adjectives could
become a predicate,

and you can consider an adjective
with some adverb together as a group

So like this sentence:

姐姐 (Jiějiě) remember? Big sister

姐姐非常高兴
(jiě jiě fēicháng gāoxìng)

So directly you can say big sister happy

That's subject and adjective

Now, I want to add something.
It's called adverbial

I want to emphasize the adjective's level

Very, extremely

so the sentence becomes
姐姐非常高兴 (jiě jiě fēicháng gāoxìng)

Jie-Jie extremely happy

I just want to emphasize one more time

Do not use verb "to be"

Do not say: My sister is very happy

You add 姐姐是非常高兴
(Jiějiě shì fēicháng gāoxìng)

Do not add the 是 part

Alright, let's see next sentence

Remember these two characters?

The big city in China

上海 (Shànghǎi)

上海的冬天冷极了
(Shànghǎi de dōngtiān lěng jíle)

冬天 (dōngtiān) means winter

冷 (lěng) is cold

极了 (jíle) is extremely

Now you don't put the jíle here

because this part is
consider to complement.

You put it after the adjective,
modifier in the back

emphasize this 冷’s level

So it's two different ways to emphasize
adding information on your adjective

So, it's different grammar

Now did you understand?

上海的冬天冷极了
(Shànghǎi de dōngtiān lěng jíle)

Winter in Shanghai is extremely cold

冷极了
(lěng jíle)

so, consider 冷极了is a verbal

Here's adjective predicate

Let's go next sentence

with verb phrases

So you usually see two
verbs in these sentences

爸爸喜欢看电视
(Bàba xǐhuān kàn diànshì)

电视 (diànshì) is TV

喜欢 (xǐhuān) is to like

Daddy likes to do something

看电视 - it's a verb = watch TV

喜欢 is another verb

Like to do this

So, this is considered to be a verb phrase

爸爸喜欢看电视
(Bàba xǐhuān kàn diànshì)

You have two verbs here

Same thing, next sentence

我不会游泳
(Wǒ bú huì yóuyǒng)

游泳 (yóuyǒng) is swim

Characters are a little bit difficult

会 (huì) is telling the ability

I don't know how to swim

You say 我不会. (Wǒ bú huì)

So, 会 is a verb and 游泳 is another verb

我不会游泳 means I don't know how to swim

Alright, let's see the next one

sub sentence with subject,
another with another predicate

which means one big subject
with a little sentence

Let's see the example sentence

我 usually this

我 in the real life, omit this

People directly say 听说 (tīng shuō) I heard

听说你去中国了
(Tīng shuō nǐ qù zhōngguóle)

So, 你去中国 (nǐ qù zhōngguó)

It's a sentence

He went to China

and this entire thing I heard

I heard you went to China

我听说你去中国了
(Wǒ tīng shuō nǐ qù zhōngguóle)

It's called a subject with
a subject with predicate

Basically with another sentence

Let's see next one

我不知道你是医生
(Wǒ bù zhīdào nǐ shì yīshēng)

你是医生(nǐ shì yīshēng)
is a short sentence

You are a doctor

That information I didn't know.
I do not know

So, 我不知道你是医生
(Wǒ bù zhīdào nǐ shì yīshēng)

You can switch anything

I didn't know you were a teacher

我不知道你是老师
(Wǒ bù zhīdào nǐ shì lǎoshī)

So, this kind of sentence, you don't see
very often because 听说 and 知道,

it needs a big information, usually
involving another sentence

Alright, so that's the
main sentence I want to mention

and I do have a little secret

When you consider Chinese grammar,
Chinese sentence order

I usually use this. My teacher taught me

STPA - subject - time - place - action

So I gave you example sentence

他去年在北京学中文了
(Tā qùnián zài běijīng xué zhōngwénle)

You understand？

He, last year, in Beijing studies Chinese

去年 (qùnián) obvious is time

在北京 (zài běijīng) it's the place

Action here, it's called
学中文 (xué zhōngwén)

le means past tense

So subject has to be here

That's basic Chinese sentence order

You can never use 去年 (qùnián) here

Like in English you'd say, he studied Chinese
last year. We cannot say that in Chinese

So, if you remember this STPA , it will
help you to build your Chinese sentences

If you have any questions, you can
ask me or ask your professor

That's all for today

谢谢。再见