10 things you didn't know about orgasm

"Bonk" author Mary Roach delves into obscure scientific research, some of it centuries old, to make 10 surprising claims about sexual climax, ranging from the bizarre to the hilarious. (This talk is aimed at adults. Viewer discretion advised.)

Alright. I'm going to show you a couple of images

from a very diverting paper

in The Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine.

I'm going to go way out on a limb and say that it is the most diverting paper

ever published in The Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine.

The title is "Observations of In-Utero Masturbation."

(Laughter)

Okay. Now on the left you can see the hand -- that's the big arrow --

and the penis on the right. The hand hovering.

And over here we have,

in the words of radiologist Israel Meisner,

"The hand grasping the penis in a fashion resembling masturbation movements."

Bear in mind this was an ultrasound,

so it would have been moving images.

Orgasm is a reflex of the autonomic nervous system.

Now this is the part of the nervous system

that deals with the things that we don't consciously control,

like digestion, heart rate and sexual arousal.

And the orgasm reflex can be triggered

by a surprisingly broad range of input.

Genital stimulation. Duh.

But also Kinsey interviewed a woman

who could be brought to orgasm

by having someone stroke her eyebrow.

People with spinal cord injuries,

like paraplegias, quadriplegias,

will often develop a very, very sensitive area

right above the level of their injury,

wherever that is.

There is such a thing as a knee orgasm in the literature.

I think the most curious one that I came across

was a case report of a woman

who had an orgasm every time she brushed her teeth.

(Laughter)

This was something in the complex

sensory-motor action of brushing her teeth

was triggering orgasm.

And she went to a neurologist who was fascinated.

He checked to see if it was something in the toothpaste,

but no -- it happened with any brand.

They stimulated her gums

with a toothpick, to see if that was doing it.

No. It was the whole, you know, motion.

And the amazing thing to me is that

now you would think this woman would like have

excellent oral hygiene.

(Laughter)

Sadly she -- this is what it said in the journal paper --

"She believed that she was possessed by demons

and switched to mouthwash for her oral care."

It's so sad.

(Laughter)

I interviewed, when I was working on the book,

I interviewed a woman who can think herself to orgasm.

She was part of a study at Rutgers University.

You gotta love that. Rutgers.

So I interviewed her in Oakland,

in a sushi restaurant.

And I said, "So, could you do it right here?"

And she said, "Yeah, but you know I'd rather finish my meal if you don't mind."

(Laughter)

But afterwards she was kind enough to demonstrate

on a bench outside.

It was remarkable. It took about one minute.

And I said to her,

"Are you just doing this all the time?"

(Laughter)

She said, "No. Honestly when I get home I'm usually too tired."

(Laughter)

She said that the last time she had done it

was on the Disneyland tram.

(Laughter)

The headquarters for orgasm, along the spinal nerve,

is something called the sacral nerve root, which is back here.

And if you trigger, if you stimulate with an electrode,

the precise spot, you will trigger an orgasm.

And it is a fact that you can trigger spinal reflexes

in dead people --

a certain kind of dead person, a beating-heart cadaver.

Now this is somebody who is brain-dead,

legally dead, definitely checked out,

but is being kept alive on a respirator,

so that their organs will be oxygenated

for transplantation.

Now in one of these brain-dead people,

if you trigger the right spot,

you will see something every now and then.

There is a reflex called the Lazarus reflex.

And this is -- I'll demonstrate as best I can, not being dead.

It's like this. You trigger the spot.

The dead guy, or gal, goes ... like that.

Very unsettling for people working in pathology labs.

(Laughter)

Now if you can trigger the Lazarus reflex in a dead person,

why not the orgasm reflex?

I asked this question to a brain death expert,

Stephanie Mann, who was foolish enough to return my emails.

(Laughter)

I said, "So, could you conceivably

trigger an orgasm in a dead person?"

She said, "Yes, if the sacral nerve is being oxygenated,

you conceivably could."

Obviously it wouldn't be as much fun for the person.

But it would be an orgasm --

(Laughter)

nonetheless.

I actually suggested to -- there is a researcher at the University of Alabama

who does orgasm research.

I said to her, "You should do an experiment.

You know? You can get cadavers if you work at a university."

I said, "You should actually do this."

She said, "You get the human subjects review board approval for this one."

(Laughter)

According to 1930s marriage manual author,

Theodoor van de Velde,

a slight seminal odor can be detected on the breath of a woman

within about an hour after sexual intercourse.

Theodoor van de Velde was something of a semen connoisseur.

(Laughter)

This is a guy writing a book, "Ideal Marriage," you know.

Very heavy hetero guy.

But he wrote in this book, "Ideal Marriage" --

he said that he could differentiate between the semen of a young man,

which he said had a fresh, exhilarating smell,

and the semen of mature men,

whose semen smelled quote,

"Remarkably like that of the flowers of the Spanish chestnut.

Sometimes quite freshly floral,

and then again sometimes extremely pungent."

(Laughter)

Okay. In 1999, in the state of Israel,

a man began hiccupping.

And this was one of those cases that went on and on.

He tried everything his friends suggested.

Nothing seemed to help.

Days went by. At a certain point, the man,

still hiccupping, had sex with his wife.

And lo and behold, the hiccups went away.

He told his doctor, who published a case report

in a Canadian medical journal under the title,

"Sexual Intercourse as a Potential Treatment

for Intractable Hiccups."

I love this article because at a certain point they suggested

that unattached hiccuppers could try masturbation.

(Laughter)

I love that because there is like a whole demographic: unattached hiccuppers.

(Laughter)

Married, single, unattached hiccupper.

In the 1900s, early 1900s

gynecologists, a lot of gynecologists believed

that when a woman has an orgasm

the contractions serve to suck the semen up through the cervix

and sort of deliver it really quickly to the egg,

thereby upping the odds of conception.

It was called the "upsuck" theory.

(Laughter)

If you go all the way back to Hippocrates,

physicians believed that orgasm in women was not just

helpful for conception, but necessary.

Doctors back then were routinely telling men

the importance of pleasuring their wives.

Marriage-manual author and semen-sniffer

Theodoor van de Velde --

(Laughter)

has a line in his book.

I loved this guy. I got a lot of mileage out of Theodoor van de Velde.

He had this line in his book

that supposedly comes from the Habsburg Monarchy,

where there was an empress Maria Theresa,

who was having trouble conceiving.

And apparently the royal court physician said to her,

"I am of the opinion

that the vulva of your most sacred majesty

be titillated for some time prior to intercourse."

(Laughter)

It's apparently, I don't know, on the record somewhere.

Masters and Johnson: now we're moving forward to the 1950s.

Masters and Johnson were upsuck skeptics,

which is also really fun to say.

They didn't buy it.

And they decided, being Masters and Johnson,

that they would get to the bottom of it.

They brought women into the lab -- I think it was five women --

and outfitted them with cervical caps

containing artificial semen.

And in the artificial semen

was a radio-opaque substance,

such that it would show up on an X-ray.

This is the 1950s.

Anyway these women sat in front of an X-ray device.

And they masturbated.

And Masters and Johnson looked to see if the semen was being sucked up.

Did not find any evidence of upsuck.

You may be wondering, "How do you make artificial semen?"

(Laughter)

I have an answer for you. I have two answers.

You can use flour and water, or cornstarch and water.

I actually found three separate recipes in the literature.

(Laughter)

My favorite being the one that says --

you know, they have the ingredients listed,

and then in a recipe it will say, for example,

"Yield: two dozen cupcakes."

This one said, "Yield: one ejaculate."

(Laughter)

There's another way that orgasm might boost fertility.

This one involves men.

Sperm that sit around in the body for a week or more

start to develop abnormalities

that make them less effective at head-banging their way

into the egg.

British sexologist Roy Levin

has speculated that this is perhaps why men

evolved to be such enthusiastic and frequent masturbators.

He said, "If I keep tossing myself off

I get fresh sperm being made."

Which I thought was an interesting idea, theory.

So now you have an evolutionary excuse.

(Laughter)

Okay.

(Laughter)

Alrighty. There is considerable evidence for upsuck in the animal kingdom --

pigs, for instance.

In Denmark, the Danish National Committee for Pig Production

found out that if you

sexually stimulate a sow while you artificially inseminate her,

you will see a six-percent increase in the farrowing rate,

which is the number of piglets produced.

So they came up with this plan, this five-point stimulation plan

for the sows.

And they had the farmers -- there is posters they put in the barn,

and they have a DVD.

And I got a copy of this DVD.

(Laughter)

This is my unveiling, because I am going to show you a clip.

(Laughter)

So uh, okay.

Now here we go in to the -- la la la, off to work.

It all looks very innocent.

He's going to be doing things with his hands

that the boar would use his snout, lacking hands. Okay.

(Laughter)

This is it. The boar has a very odd courtship repertoire.

(Laughter)

This is to mimic the weight of the boar.

(Laughter)

You should know, the clitoris of the pig, inside the vagina.

So this may be sort of titillating for her. Here we go.

(Laughter)

And the happy result.

(Applause)

I love this video.

There is a point in this video, towards the beginning

where they zoom in for a close up of his hand with his wedding ring,

as if to say, "It's okay, it's just his job. He really does like women."

(Laughter)

Okay. Now I said -- when I was in Denmark, my host was named Anne Marie.

And I said, "So why don't you just stimulate the clitoris of the pig?

Why don't you have the farmers do that?

That's not one of your five steps."

She said -- I have to read you what she said, because I love it.

She said, "It was a big hurdle

just to get farmers to touch underneath the vulva.

So we thought, let's not mention the clitoris right now."

(Laughter)

Shy but ambitious pig farmers, however, can purchase a -- this is true --

a sow vibrator,

that hangs on the sperm feeder tube to vibrate.

Because, as I mentioned,

the clitoris is inside the vagina.

So possibly, you know, a little more arousing than it looks.

And I also said to her,

"Now these sows. I mean, you may have noticed there,

The sow doesn't look to be in the throes of ecstasy."

And she said, you can't make that conclusion,

because animals don't register

pain or pleasure on their faces in the same way that we do.

They tend to -- pigs, for example, are more like dogs.

They use the upper half of the face; the ears are very expressive.

So you're not really sure what's going on with the pig.

Primates, on the other hand, we use our mouths more.

This is the ejaculation face of the stump-tailed macaque.

(Laughter)

And, interestingly, this has been observed in female macaques,

but only when mounting another female.

(Laughter)

Masters and Johnson, in the 1950s, they decided,

okay, we're going to figure out the entire human sexual response cycle,

from arousal, all the way through orgasm, in men and women --

everything that happens in the human body.

Okay, with women, a lot of this is happening inside.

This did not stop Masters and Johnson.

They developed an artificial coition machine.

This is basically a penis camera on a motor.

There is a phallus,

clear acrylic phallus, with a camera and a light source,

attached to a motor that is kind of going like this.

And the woman would have sex with it.

That is what they would do. Pretty amazing.

Sadly, this device has been dismantled.

This just kills me, not because I wanted to use it --

I wanted to see it.

(Laughter)

One fine day

Alfred Kinsey decided

to calculate the average distance traveled by ejaculated semen.

This was not idle curiosity.

Doctor Kinsey had heard --

and there was a theory kind of going around at the time, this being the 1940s --

that the force with which

semen is thrown against the cervix

was a factor in fertility.

Kinsey thought it was bunk, so he got to work.

He got together in his lab

300 men, a measuring tape, and a movie camera.

(Laughter)

And in fact he found

that in three quarters of the men

the stuff just kind of slopped out.

It wasn't spurted or thrown or ejected under great force.

However, the record holder

landed just shy of the eight-foot mark, which is impressive.

(Laughter)

(Applause)

Yes. Exactly.

(Laughter)

Sadly, he's anonymous. His name is not mentioned.

In his write-up,

in his write-up of this experiment in his book,

Kinsey wrote,

"Two sheets were laid down to protect the oriental carpets."

(Laughter)

Which is my second favorite line

in the entire oeuvre of Alfred Kinsey.

My favorite being, "Cheese crumbs spread before a pair of copulating rats

will distract the female, but not the male."

(Laughter)

Thank you very much.

(Applause)

Thanks!