The ABC's of gas: Avogadro, Boyle, Charles - Brian Bennett
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0:15 - 0:19In society, we have to follow laws that maintain order.
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0:19 - 0:22Did you know all chemical matter follows certain laws as well?
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0:22 - 0:26In fact, we can describe those laws by looking at relationships.
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0:26 - 0:31Some easy laws to begin with are the ones that govern the gases.
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0:31 - 0:36Back in 1662, Robert Boyle realized that gases had an interesting response
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0:36 - 0:39when he put them into containers and changed their volume.
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0:39 - 0:43Take an empty bottle and put the cap on it, closing that container.
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0:43 - 0:46Now squeeze your bottle, and what happens?
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0:46 - 0:51The pressure inside the bottle increases when the size of the container decreases.
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0:51 - 0:55You can only crush that container so much until the gases inside push back on your hand.
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0:55 - 1:01This is called an inverse proportion, and it changes at the same rate for every gas.
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1:01 - 1:06Boyle's law allows chemists to predict the volume of any gas at any given pressure
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1:06 - 1:09because the relationship is always the same.
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1:09 - 1:15In 1780, Jacques Charles noticed a different relationship between gases and their temperature.
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1:15 - 1:18If you've ever seen a hot-air balloon, you've seen this law in action.
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1:18 - 1:21When the ballons are laid out, they're totally flat.
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1:21 - 1:27Instead of blowing the balloon up like a party balloon, they use a giant flame to heat the air inside that envelope.
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1:27 - 1:31As the air is heated up, the balloon begins to inflate as the gas volume increases.
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1:31 - 1:35The hotter the gas becomes, the larger the volume, and that's Charles' law.
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1:35 - 1:38Notice this law is different from Boyle's.
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1:38 - 1:40Charles' law is a direct relationship.
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1:40 - 1:44As the temperature increases, the volume increases as well.
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1:44 - 1:47The third law is also easily demonstrated.
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1:47 - 1:50When you're blowing up party balloons, the volume increases.
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1:50 - 1:55As you are blowing, you're forcing more and more gas particles into the balloon from your lungs.
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1:55 - 2:01This causes the balloon volume to increase. This is Avogadro's law in action.
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2:01 - 2:04As the number of particles of gas added to a container are increased,
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2:04 - 2:06the volume will increase as well.
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2:06 - 2:10If you add too many particles, well, you know what happens next.
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2:10 - 2:14Laws are everywhere, even in the tiniest particles of gas.
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2:14 - 2:18If you squeeze them, the pressure will increase as the particles are pushed together.
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2:18 - 2:22Low volume means a high pressure because those particles push back.
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2:22 - 2:28As the temperature increases, gases move away from one another, and the volume increases as well.
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2:28 - 2:33Finally, if you add gas to a closed container, that container's volume will expand.
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2:33 - 2:38But be careful not to add too much, because otherwise you could end up with a burst balloon.
- Title:
- The ABC's of gas: Avogadro, Boyle, Charles - Brian Bennett
- Description:
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View full lesson on ed.ted.com http://ed.ted.com/lessons/1207-1-a-bennet-brianh264
How can bottles and balloons help explain the different laws that govern gas? See how Boyle's Law, Charles' Law, and Avogadro's Law help us understand the laws that govern gas properties.
Lesson by Brian Bennett, animation by Cognitive Media.
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TED-Ed
- Duration:
- 02:50
Bedirhan Cinar approved English subtitles for The ABC's of gas: Avogadro, Boyle, Charles - Brian Bennett | ||
Bedirhan Cinar accepted English subtitles for The ABC's of gas: Avogadro, Boyle, Charles - Brian Bennett | ||
tom carter added a translation |