The next generation of African architects and designers
-
0:01 - 0:04The longest journey
that I have ever taken. -
0:04 - 0:06That was in 2002.
-
0:07 - 0:08I was only 19 years old.
-
0:09 - 0:12It was the first time
I had ever been on an airplane -
0:12 - 0:15and the first time
that I had left my country, -
0:15 - 0:16Rwanda.
-
0:17 - 0:21I had to move thousands of kilometers away
-
0:21 - 0:22to follow a dream.
-
0:22 - 0:25A dream I have had
ever since I was a child. -
0:26 - 0:30And that dream was to become an architect.
-
0:31 - 0:34That was impossible
at the time in my country. -
0:34 - 0:36There were no schools of architecture.
-
0:36 - 0:39So when I got a scholarship
to study in China, -
0:40 - 0:42I left my life and my family behind
-
0:42 - 0:44and I moved to Shanghai.
-
0:45 - 0:47It was an amazing time.
-
0:47 - 0:52This country was going through
a major building boom. -
0:52 - 0:53Shanghai, my new home,
-
0:53 - 0:56was quickly turning
into a skyscraper city. -
0:57 - 0:59China was changing.
-
0:59 - 1:03World-class projects were built
to convey a new image of development. -
1:04 - 1:10Modern, striking engineering marvels
were going up literally everywhere. -
1:10 - 1:13But behind these facades,
-
1:13 - 1:17exploitation of huge numbers
of migrant workers, -
1:17 - 1:21massive displacement
of thousands of people -
1:21 - 1:23made these projects possible.
-
1:23 - 1:25And this fast-paced development
-
1:25 - 1:28also contributed significantly
to the pollution -
1:28 - 1:30that is haunting China today.
-
1:31 - 1:33Fast-forward to 2010,
-
1:33 - 1:35when I went back home to Rwanda.
-
1:35 - 1:40There, I found development patterns
similar to what I saw in China. -
1:40 - 1:46The country was and still is experiencing
its own population and economic growth. -
1:47 - 1:50The pressure to build cities,
infrastructure and buildings -
1:50 - 1:52is at its peak,
-
1:52 - 1:53and as a result,
-
1:53 - 1:55there is a massive building boom as well.
-
1:56 - 2:01This is the reality across
the entire continent of Africa, -
2:01 - 2:02and here's why.
-
2:03 - 2:06By 2050, Africa's population will double,
-
2:06 - 2:10reaching 2.5 billion people.
-
2:10 - 2:12At this point,
-
2:12 - 2:17the African population will be
slightly less than the current population -
2:17 - 2:21of China and India combined.
-
2:23 - 2:28The infrastructure and buildings needed
to accommodate this many people -
2:28 - 2:31is unprecedented
in the history of humankind. -
2:32 - 2:35We have estimated that by 2050,
-
2:35 - 2:41we have to build
700,000,000 more housing units, -
2:41 - 2:44more than 300,000 schools
-
2:44 - 2:48and nearly 100,000 health centers.
-
2:49 - 2:52Let me put that into perspective for you.
-
2:53 - 2:57Every day for the next 35 years,
-
2:57 - 3:00we have to build seven health centers,
-
3:00 - 3:0125 schools
-
3:01 - 3:06and nearly 60,000 housing units each day,
-
3:06 - 3:07every day.
-
3:10 - 3:13How are we going to build all of this?
-
3:14 - 3:18Are we going to follow a model
of unsustainable building and construction -
3:18 - 3:20similar to what I witnessed in China?
-
3:20 - 3:24Or can we develop a uniquely African model
-
3:24 - 3:27of sustainable and equitable development?
-
3:28 - 3:30I'm optimistic we can.
-
3:30 - 3:33I know Africans who are already doing it.
-
3:33 - 3:36Take Nigerian architect
Kunlé Adeyemi for instance, -
3:36 - 3:40and his work in slums
of coastal megacities. -
3:40 - 3:43Places like Makoko in Lagos,
-
3:43 - 3:48where hundreds of thousands of people
live in makeshift structures on stilts -
3:48 - 3:49on water,
-
3:49 - 3:51without government
infrastructure or services. -
3:52 - 3:58A community at great risk
of rising sea levels and climate change. -
3:58 - 4:03And yet, people who live here
are examples of great ingenuity -
4:03 - 4:05and the will to survive.
-
4:05 - 4:08Kunlé and his team have designed
a prototype school -
4:08 - 4:11that is resilient to rising sea levels.
-
4:11 - 4:13This is Makoko School.
-
4:15 - 4:19It's a floating prototype structure
that can be adapted to clinics, -
4:19 - 4:21to housing, to markets
-
4:22 - 4:24and other vital infrastructure
this community needs. -
4:24 - 4:26It's an ingenious solution
-
4:26 - 4:31that can ensure this community
lives safely on the waters of Lagos. -
4:32 - 4:34This is Francis Kéré.
-
4:35 - 4:37He works in the country
where he comes from, -
4:37 - 4:38Burkina Faso.
-
4:38 - 4:44Kéré and his team have designed projects
that use traditional building techniques. -
4:44 - 4:47Kéré and his team
working in the communities -
4:47 - 4:50have developed prototype schools
-
4:50 - 4:51that the whole community,
-
4:51 - 4:55similar to every project
in the villages of this country, -
4:55 - 4:57comes together to build.
-
4:58 - 5:01Children bring stones for the foundation,
-
5:01 - 5:04women bring water
for the brick manufacturing, -
5:04 - 5:08and everybody works together
to pound the clay floors. -
5:09 - 5:10Working with the community,
-
5:10 - 5:14Kéré and his team have created
projects that function better, -
5:14 - 5:17with adequate lighting
and adequate ventilation. -
5:17 - 5:20They're appropriate
for this particular context -
5:20 - 5:22and really, really beautiful as well.
-
5:23 - 5:25For the past seven years,
-
5:25 - 5:28I have been working as an architect
at MASS Design Group. -
5:28 - 5:31It's a design firm that began in Rwanda.
-
5:32 - 5:36We have worked
in several countries in Africa, -
5:36 - 5:40focusing on this more equitable
and sustainable model -
5:40 - 5:42of architectural practice,
-
5:42 - 5:44and Malawi is one of those countries.
-
5:45 - 5:48It's a country with beautiful,
remote landscapes -
5:48 - 5:51with high-peak mountains
and fertile valleys. -
5:51 - 5:55But it also has one of the worst
maternal mortality rates in the world. -
5:57 - 6:01A pregnant woman in Malawi
either gives birth at home, -
6:01 - 6:05or she has to walk a really long journey
to the nearest clinic. -
6:06 - 6:11And one out of 36 of these mothers
dies during childbirth. -
6:13 - 6:14In Malawi,
-
6:14 - 6:16with our team at MASS Design Group,
-
6:16 - 6:18we designed the Kasungu
Maternity Waiting Village. -
6:19 - 6:23This is a place women come to
six weeks before their due dates. -
6:24 - 6:26Here they receive prenatal care
-
6:26 - 6:29and train in nutrition
and family planning. -
6:30 - 6:32At the same time, they form a community
-
6:32 - 6:35with other expectant mothers
and their families. -
6:37 - 6:39The design of the of Kasungu
Maternity Waiting Village -
6:40 - 6:44borrows from the vernacular
typologies of Malawi villages -
6:44 - 6:48and is built using really simple
materials and techniques. -
6:48 - 6:53The earth blocks that we used
were made from the same soil of this site. -
6:54 - 6:57This reduces the carbon footprint
of this building, -
6:57 - 6:59but first and foremost,
-
6:59 - 7:05it provides a safe and dignified space
for these expectant mothers. -
7:05 - 7:08These examples show
that architecture and design -
7:08 - 7:14have the power and the agency
to address complex problems. -
7:16 - 7:19But more to point,
-
7:19 - 7:22that we can develop
a model of effective solutions -
7:22 - 7:24for our communities.
-
7:24 - 7:27But these three examples are not enough.
-
7:28 - 7:31300 more examples will not be enough.
-
7:32 - 7:38We need a whole community
of African architects and designers -
7:38 - 7:41to lead with thousands more examples.
-
7:41 - 7:43In May of this year,
-
7:43 - 7:47we convened a symposium
on African architecture, in Kigali, -
7:47 - 7:50and we invited many
of the leading African designers -
7:50 - 7:54and architectural educators
working across the continent. -
7:55 - 7:57We all had one thing in common.
-
7:58 - 8:03Every single one of us
went to school abroad -
8:03 - 8:04and outside of Africa.
-
8:04 - 8:06This has to change.
-
8:07 - 8:11If we are to develop
solutions unique to us, -
8:11 - 8:14rather than attempting to turn
Kigali into Beijing, -
8:14 - 8:17or Lagos into Shenzhen,
-
8:17 - 8:18we need a community
-
8:18 - 8:22that will build the design confidence
of the next generation -
8:22 - 8:24of African architects and designers.
-
8:25 - 8:32(Applause)
-
8:33 - 8:34In September last year,
-
8:34 - 8:37we launched the African Design Centre
-
8:37 - 8:40to start building this community.
-
8:42 - 8:45We admitted 11 fellows
from across the continent. -
8:46 - 8:50It's a 20-month-long,
design-build fellowship program. -
8:51 - 8:54Here, they are learning
to tackle big challenges -
8:54 - 8:57such as urbanism and climate change,
-
8:57 - 8:58as Kunlé and his team have.
-
8:59 - 9:01They're working with communities
-
9:01 - 9:05to develop innovative
building solutions and processes, -
9:05 - 9:07as Kéré and his team have.
-
9:08 - 9:12They're learning to understand
the health impact of better buildings -
9:12 - 9:16as we at MASS Design Group
have been researching -
9:16 - 9:17for the past several years.
-
9:18 - 9:20The crowning moment of the fellowship
-
9:20 - 9:24is a real project
that they designed and built. -
9:24 - 9:27This is Ruhehe Primary School,
-
9:27 - 9:28the project they designed.
-
9:28 - 9:33They immersed themselves in the community
to understand the challenges -
9:33 - 9:35but also uncover opportunities,
-
9:35 - 9:39like using a wall
made of local volcanic stone -
9:39 - 9:43to turn the entire campus
into a space of play and active learning. -
9:45 - 9:47They evaluated
the environmental conditions -
9:48 - 9:51and developed a roof system
that maximizes daylight -
9:51 - 9:53and improves acoustic performance.
-
9:53 - 9:57The construction at Ruhehe Primary School
will begin this year. -
9:59 - 10:05(Applause)
-
10:05 - 10:06And over the coming months,
-
10:06 - 10:10the African Design Centre fellows
are going to work hand-in-hand -
10:10 - 10:12with the Ruhehe community to build it.
-
10:13 - 10:15When we asked the fellows
-
10:15 - 10:19what they want to do after
their African Design Centre fellowship, -
10:19 - 10:21Tshepo from South Africa said
-
10:21 - 10:24he wants to introduce this new way
of building into his country, -
10:24 - 10:27so he plans to open
a private practice in Johannesburg. -
10:28 - 10:32Zani wants to expand opportunities
for women to become engineers. -
10:33 - 10:35Before joining the African Design Centre,
-
10:35 - 10:37she helped start, in Nairobi,
-
10:37 - 10:42an organization to bridge the gender gaps
for women in engineering fields, -
10:42 - 10:45and she hopes to take
this movement across Africa, -
10:45 - 10:46eventually the whole world.
-
10:48 - 10:50Moses, from South Sudan,
-
10:50 - 10:52the world's newest country,
-
10:52 - 10:55wants to open the first polytechnic school
-
10:55 - 11:00that will teach people how to build
using local materials from his country. -
11:02 - 11:05Moses had to be determined
to become an architect. -
11:06 - 11:11The civil war in his country frequently
interrupted his architectural education. -
11:12 - 11:16At the time he was applying
to join the African Design Centre, -
11:16 - 11:21we could hear gunshots going off
in the background of his interview call. -
11:22 - 11:25But even in the middle of this civil war,
-
11:25 - 11:27Moses hangs on to this idea
-
11:27 - 11:32that architecture can be a way
to bridge communities back together. -
11:33 - 11:36You have to be inspired
by this fellow's belief -
11:36 - 11:39that great architecture
can make a difference -
11:39 - 11:41on how the future of Africa is built.
-
11:43 - 11:46The unprecedented growth of Africa
cannot be ignored. -
11:47 - 11:51Imagine Africa's future cities,
-
11:51 - 11:53but not as vast slums,
-
11:53 - 11:55but the most resilient
-
11:55 - 11:59and the most socially inclusive
places on earth. -
11:59 - 12:01This is achievable.
-
12:02 - 12:06And we have the talent
to make it a reality. -
12:06 - 12:10But the journey to ready that talent
for the task ahead, -
12:10 - 12:12like my own journey,
-
12:12 - 12:13is far too long.
-
12:15 - 12:19For the next generation
of African creative leaders, -
12:19 - 12:23we have to shorten
and streamline that journey. -
12:23 - 12:24But most importantly --
-
12:25 - 12:27and I cannot stress this enough --
-
12:27 - 12:29we have to build their design confidence
-
12:29 - 12:33and empower them to develop solutions
that are truly African -
12:33 - 12:36but globally inspiring.
-
12:36 - 12:37Thank you very much.
-
12:37 - 12:44(Applause)
- Title:
- The next generation of African architects and designers
- Speaker:
- Christian Benimana
- Description:
-
Christian Benimana wants to build a network of architects who can help Africa's booming cities flourish in sustainable, equitable ways -- balancing growth with values that are uniquely African. From Nigeria to Burkina Faso and beyond, he shares examples of architecture bringing communities together. A pan-African movement of architects, designers and engineers on the continent and in diaspora are learning from and inspiring each other, and Benimana invites us to imagine future African cities as the most resilient, socially inclusive places on earth.
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDTalks
- Duration:
- 12:57
Brian Greene edited English subtitles for The next generation of African architects and designers | ||
Brian Greene edited English subtitles for The next generation of African architects and designers | ||
Brian Greene approved English subtitles for The next generation of African architects and designers | ||
Brian Greene edited English subtitles for The next generation of African architects and designers | ||
Krystian Aparta accepted English subtitles for The next generation of African architects and designers | ||
Krystian Aparta edited English subtitles for The next generation of African architects and designers | ||
Krystian Aparta edited English subtitles for The next generation of African architects and designers | ||
Krystian Aparta edited English subtitles for The next generation of African architects and designers |