The power of waste | Priyanka Bakaya | TEDxAmherst
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0:10 - 0:13Five years ago, I embarked on a mission.
-
0:13 - 0:15I'd heard a statistic
-
0:15 - 0:20that the average American generates
4.5 pounds of waste each day, -
0:20 - 0:24which meant that I was generating
my weight in waste every four weeks. -
0:24 - 0:28It was mind-boggling to me
that we generate this much waste each day -
0:28 - 0:32without even thinking twice
about where any of it goes. -
0:32 - 0:33Today I'd like to share with you
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0:33 - 0:35three short stories
about what I've learned -
0:35 - 0:39about how waste is perceived
from different lenses across the globe, -
0:39 - 0:43and finally, I'll tell you a little bit
about the solution that we've developed -
0:43 - 0:44at our company, PK Clean.
-
0:45 - 0:49My first story is about one of the most
marginalized communities in the world. -
0:49 - 0:51Waste pickers represent one percent
-
0:51 - 0:54of the urban population
across the developing world. -
0:54 - 0:58These are some waste pickers
that I met in India a few months ago. -
0:58 - 1:01They told me that they earn
less than a dollar per day -
1:01 - 1:05and that their incomes have been
virtually unchanged over the past decade. -
1:05 - 1:06What I learned from them
-
1:06 - 1:10was that sorting through low-value
plastics was not worth their time, -
1:10 - 1:16and they also told me
that plastic wrappers, -
1:16 - 1:18such as the candy wrappers
that we send from overseas, -
1:18 - 1:22end up becoming an environmental burden
on developing countries. -
1:24 - 1:26The next story I'd like to share with you
-
1:26 - 1:30is about how plastic waste
is impacting our marine life. -
1:30 - 1:34My first exposure to this
was during my childhood in Australia, -
1:34 - 1:36during beach cleanups.
-
1:36 - 1:39Apparently, that was only
the tip of the iceberg -
1:39 - 1:43because an estimated
5.25 trillion pieces of plastic waste -
1:43 - 1:47is said to be across
the ocean's surfaces globally. -
1:48 - 1:52Nothing tells the story
more powerfully than these images, -
1:52 - 1:56and perhaps even more powerful
is the impact that this has on humans, -
1:56 - 1:59who eventually end up eating
many types of marine life. -
2:02 - 2:03My third and final story
-
2:03 - 2:06is about how waste is perceived
by the average American. -
2:06 - 2:08This story is about myself.
-
2:08 - 2:12An honest look at my own waste consumption
is, frankly, embarrassing. -
2:12 - 2:16This is a picture that I took
of my daily consumption of food. -
2:16 - 2:19While this may look
all very healthy and organic, -
2:19 - 2:23unfortunately, I know that none of
these plastic items will ever be recycled. -
2:23 - 2:26That's because even though
I'll put them in my recycling bin, -
2:26 - 2:29my recycler won't pull these out,
due to their low recycling value. -
2:29 - 2:32Either these items are going to be
headed to landfill -
2:32 - 2:36or perhaps sent to Asia
in order to avoid the landfill fee -
2:36 - 2:39and to be further picked through
by waste pickers, -
2:39 - 2:40or even worse,
-
2:40 - 2:44perhaps they'll fall into the ocean
somewhere along the way. -
2:45 - 2:47The common thread
across all three of these stories -
2:47 - 2:50is how challenging plastic waste is.
-
2:50 - 2:54While metal and paper recycling rates
have grown over the decades, -
2:54 - 2:58plastic recycling has stayed
relatively unchanged, at under 10%. -
2:58 - 3:03Plastic is the worst type of waste to bury
because it never decomposes. -
3:03 - 3:08My biggest question was,
"Why is plastic's recycling rate so low?" -
3:08 - 3:11It turns out that
in order to recycle plastic, -
3:11 - 3:14you need to have a pure stream
of a specific number - -
3:14 - 3:15numbers one through seven,
-
3:15 - 3:18which you can find under
your plastic packaging container. -
3:19 - 3:23Once you mix all these different
plastic numbers into your recycling bin, -
3:23 - 3:25it becomes very difficult
to separate them out. -
3:25 - 3:30Typically, recyclers pull out PET,
such as water bottles and soda bottles, -
3:30 - 3:34as well as HDPE, such as milk bottles
and detergent bottles, -
3:34 - 3:35and much of the rest of the plastic waste
-
3:35 - 3:38ends up being a residual,
mixed waste stream -
3:38 - 3:40that looks something like this.
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3:40 - 3:42What you're looking at here
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3:42 - 3:46is the challenge facing waste pickers,
marine life, and domestic recyclers. -
3:46 - 3:48It's that certain plastic waste streams
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3:48 - 3:51are simply too mixed
and too dirty to separate out. -
3:52 - 3:55I knew that since plastic
came from oil to begin with, -
3:55 - 3:59that there had to be a way
to recover oil back from plastic. -
3:59 - 4:02This is why I started PK Clean.
-
4:02 - 4:06What we do is we take mixed, dirty,
landfill-bound plastic waste, -
4:06 - 4:08and we feed it into
an oxygen-free reactor -
4:08 - 4:09which is heated up,
-
4:09 - 4:12and the resulting vapors
are condensed back into oil. -
4:12 - 4:15At a high level, the chemistry
is very straightforward. -
4:15 - 4:18Plastic is comprised
of long carbon chains. -
4:18 - 4:24What we do is we cut down these chains
into smaller chains between C12 and C20, -
4:24 - 4:26which is similar to diesel fuel.
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4:26 - 4:29The end product is a fuel
that looks like this. -
4:29 - 4:34We're able to achieve an energy recovery
of roughly 95% overall. -
4:36 - 4:39(Applause)
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4:46 - 4:47In New York City,
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4:47 - 4:51diesel trucks carry garbage
over 25 million miles each year -
4:51 - 4:54and consume over
11 million gallons of diesel. -
4:54 - 4:58New York City sends its
plastic waste residual waste streams -
4:58 - 5:01to landfills in states
such as Pennsylvania and Ohio. -
5:01 - 5:04If instead we converted these into fuel,
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5:04 - 5:05we'd be able to get more than enough
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5:05 - 5:09to fuel the diesel trucks
in New York City. -
5:09 - 5:12So far, we've demonstrated
this process in Salt Lake City -
5:12 - 5:14at our facility which you can see up here,
-
5:14 - 5:17and next, we are targeting
other large cities. -
5:17 - 5:20Beyond this, we see a huge opportunity
across the developing world, -
5:20 - 5:23and we plan to work
directly with waste pickers -
5:23 - 5:26in order to give them
higher value for their plastics. -
5:26 - 5:28And finally, we are working
with the Plastic Ocean Project -
5:28 - 5:33in order to deploy our technologies
across beach and island communities -
5:33 - 5:34so that we're able to convert
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5:34 - 5:38all the tons of plastic waste
which are washed ashore each year -
5:38 - 5:40back into fuel.
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5:41 - 5:44Global waste is expected
to nearly double in the next decade, -
5:44 - 5:49from 3.5 million tons
to 6 million tons per day. -
5:49 - 5:53Innovation is required
to slow down this pace of growth, -
5:53 - 5:56yet so few young minds
consider waste a career path. -
5:56 - 6:00Perhaps it's not glamorous enough
or that we're not patient enough, -
6:00 - 6:04or perhaps we just simply haven't
thought of waste beyond a trash can. -
6:05 - 6:07Waste is our greatest untapped resource,
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6:07 - 6:08and as a society,
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6:08 - 6:12we need to change our mindset
from seeing waste as waste. -
6:12 - 6:15This requires us following the four Rs:
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6:15 - 6:17to reduce, reuse, recycle,
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6:17 - 6:21and then recover back into energy
whatever remains. -
6:21 - 6:22But most importantly,
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6:22 - 6:25we need to convert
a previous generation's challenge -
6:25 - 6:28into our generation's
greatest opportunity. -
6:28 - 6:33So next time you toss something out,
remember that there is power in waste, -
6:33 - 6:35and it's time we harness it.
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6:35 - 6:38(Applause)
- Title:
- The power of waste | Priyanka Bakaya | TEDxAmherst
- Description:
-
Priyanka Bakaya and her company PK Clean believe that “waste is a terrible thing to waste.” Their mission is to eliminate landfill-bound plastics by converting them into fuel. She shares her experiences with the technology and her insights into recycling on stage at TEDxAmherst.
Priyanka Bakaya is currently CEO at PK Clean, which has a vision to end plastic waste forever by converting landfill-bound plastics into high value fuels. The company’s first demonstration of its process at commercial scale is in Salt Lake City, Utah. They have signed a contract for their next unit and will also be expanding to developing markets such as India and Africa. Bakaya has previously been selected as a World Economic Forum Global Shaper, a Lightspeed Venture Fellow and named to the Fortune 40 under 40 Ones to Watch List, and Forbes 30 under 30 List in Energy. She is a graduate of MIT and Stanford University with Honors.
This talk was given at a TEDx event using the TED conference format but independently organized by a local community. Learn more at http://ted.com/tedx
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDxTalks
- Duration:
- 06:44
Peter van de Ven approved English subtitles for The power of waste | Priyanka Bakaya | TEDxAmherst | ||
Peter van de Ven edited English subtitles for The power of waste | Priyanka Bakaya | TEDxAmherst | ||
Peter van de Ven accepted English subtitles for The power of waste | Priyanka Bakaya | TEDxAmherst | ||
Peter van de Ven edited English subtitles for The power of waste | Priyanka Bakaya | TEDxAmherst | ||
Viviane P. edited English subtitles for The power of waste | Priyanka Bakaya | TEDxAmherst | ||
Viviane P. edited English subtitles for The power of waste | Priyanka Bakaya | TEDxAmherst | ||
Viviane P. edited English subtitles for The power of waste | Priyanka Bakaya | TEDxAmherst | ||
Viviane P. edited English subtitles for The power of waste | Priyanka Bakaya | TEDxAmherst |