Rethinking anxiety: learning to face fear | Dawn Huebner | TEDxAmoskeagMillyardWomen
-
0:10 - 0:12A little anxiety is a good thing.
-
0:13 - 0:16I kept telling myself
that in the lead-up to today, -
0:16 - 0:18but a little anxiety is good.
-
0:18 - 0:23It sharpens our senses
and gets us ready to take on challenges. -
0:23 - 0:26A lot of anxiety is another story,
-
0:26 - 0:28it's a hindrance rather than a help.
-
0:28 - 0:32A lot of anxiety makes it difficult
to take productive action, -
0:32 - 0:36it sets off a primitive response
deep in our brains, -
0:36 - 0:38the old fight-or-flight response
-
0:38 - 0:41which actually has
a third part: freeze. -
0:42 - 0:44All three are protective mechanisms
-
0:44 - 0:48with important evolutionary advantages
when we're faced with danger, -
0:48 - 0:51but anxieties about perceived danger
-
0:51 - 0:54are very different from actual danger,
-
0:54 - 0:55and in the case of anxiety,
-
0:55 - 1:00fighting, fleeing, and freezing
are all problematic -
1:00 - 1:04causing us pain, preventing us
from moving forward, -
1:04 - 1:05making our world small.
-
1:06 - 1:09I became a psychologist in 1987
-
1:09 - 1:12and had my first and only child
several years later. -
1:13 - 1:16Before you too get too concerned
for him, "Poor kid! -
1:16 - 1:18A psychologist mom
-
1:18 - 1:22who gets up and talks
about him on a TEDx stage" -
1:22 - 1:23(Laughter)
-
1:23 - 1:25please know he's an adult now,
-
1:25 - 1:27and he's given me permission
to tell this story. -
1:28 - 1:30Anyway, when he was little,
Eli was anxious. -
1:30 - 1:32He was afraid of the scary characters,
-
1:32 - 1:38and Disney movies, and haircuts,
and shots, and splinters, and bees, -
1:39 - 1:43normal-seeming fears
although there were quite a few of them. -
1:43 - 1:46Initially, we did what most parents do
-
1:46 - 1:48we reassured him,
-
1:48 - 1:49and when that didn't work,
-
1:49 - 1:52we helped him avoid
the things he was afraid of: -
1:52 - 1:56we stopped going to movies,
we let his hair get shaggy, -
1:56 - 1:59we stayed away from flowers -
because of bees - -
1:59 - 2:01and rough wood because of splinters,
-
2:01 - 2:03but like some weird monster,
-
2:03 - 2:06his level of fear continued to grow.
-
2:06 - 2:09He started panicking
whenever he needed to go outside -
2:09 - 2:11afraid he might encounter a bee,
-
2:11 - 2:15and it became difficult for him
to touch anything made of wood. -
2:16 - 2:20Life went as as it does,
and Eli became fascinated by history. -
2:20 - 2:24When he was about 10, we decided
to go to Fort Ticonderoga, -
2:24 - 2:28a wooden fort with plenty
of splinter potential. -
2:28 - 2:30We did lots of planning:
-
2:30 - 2:33he would wear shoes,
close-toed shoes, -
2:33 - 2:37long sleeve shirt, long pants,
no exposed skin. -
2:37 - 2:39We promised him he wouldn't need
to touch anything, -
2:39 - 2:42and he was actually really excited to go.
-
2:42 - 2:44The day we went was
a beautiful 90-degree day. -
2:44 - 2:48We tramped around the fort for hours
until we were exhausted. -
2:48 - 2:52My husband and I plopped down
on a bench to rest - a wooden bench - -
2:53 - 2:54a wooden bench,
-
2:54 - 2:57Eli absolutely could not sit on
nor could he move himself -
2:57 - 3:01close enough to sit on one of our laps
because he still might touch the bench. -
3:02 - 3:04He couldn't sit on the floor of the fort
-
3:04 - 3:06because it was a wooden floor
-
3:06 - 3:08or leaned against a wall - a wooden wall -
-
3:08 - 3:13so he stood; rivers of sweat
running down his face, -
3:13 - 3:17utterly exhausted,
utterly defeated by his fears. -
3:18 - 3:21He stood because there was
nothing else he could do. -
3:21 - 3:23He stood, and he sobbed.
-
3:25 - 3:28It seems obvious in retrospect
that we let things go too far, -
3:28 - 3:31but somehow, the view
from inside was different. -
3:31 - 3:32We didn't realize
-
3:32 - 3:35how bad things had gotten,
how debilitating his fears had become -
3:35 - 3:39not until that moment,
that pivotal moment, -
3:39 - 3:42when it became crystal clear
that we needed help. -
3:43 - 3:45I brought Eli to a therapist
-
3:45 - 3:47who quickly deduced he's 10 years old;
-
3:47 - 3:50he's afraid of splinters, shots, and bees;
-
3:50 - 3:53long, sharp objects that poke.
-
3:54 - 3:58Clearly, this was a fear of penetration
-
3:58 - 4:01related to - get ready
for Freud-Oedipal issues, -
4:02 - 4:06his wish to overthrow his father
to have possession of me. -
4:06 - 4:08(Laughter)
-
4:10 - 4:13I set there listening
to this well-respected psychologist -
4:13 - 4:16thinking how can this possibly help us,
-
4:16 - 4:19and the answer was it couldn't.
-
4:20 - 4:22So I went on a quest
-
4:22 - 4:24determined to find a way to help my son.
-
4:25 - 4:29I landed on cognitive behavioral therapy
also known as CBT, -
4:29 - 4:32an approach to treatment
based on the premise -
4:32 - 4:34that we all have an inner triangle
-
4:34 - 4:38based on our thoughts,
our feelings, and our actions. -
4:38 - 4:41The idea is that these
are all interrelated: -
4:42 - 4:44our thoughts influence our feelings,
-
4:44 - 4:46thoughts and feelings drive our actions,
-
4:46 - 4:50actions link back to what we think
and believe, and so on. -
4:50 - 4:54So the way to change a problematic
feeling like paralyzing anxiety -
4:54 - 4:57is to change the associated
thoughts and actions. -
4:57 - 5:00That made sense, and it was specific,
it give us something to work on -
5:00 - 5:04rather than continuing to help him
avoid the things he was afraid of. -
5:04 - 5:06We needed Eli to change
what he was doing, -
5:06 - 5:09to pay attention
to the action part of the triangle. -
5:09 - 5:12We needed him to go to the movies,
go outside, touch wood, -
5:12 - 5:15to see that he could do
these things without getting hurt. -
5:15 - 5:19Changing what he was doing
would help change what he was thinking, -
5:19 - 5:21and his feelings would change from there.
-
5:22 - 5:24We decided to start with bees
-
5:24 - 5:27and went on a campaign
to get Eli to go outside. -
5:28 - 5:29He's maybe 11 at this point,
-
5:29 - 5:33and it isn't much of a stretch to say
that his life revolved around Legos: -
5:34 - 5:38big sets, complicated castles,
and forts, and islands, and ships. -
5:38 - 5:41He would do just about anything
for money for Legos. -
5:42 - 5:45You can probably guess
where this is going: I bribed him. -
5:46 - 5:51"Just go outside," I said,
"You're not going to get stung. -
5:51 - 5:54And if you do, I'll give you ten dollars."
-
5:55 - 5:57I'm going to pause the story for a moment.
-
5:57 - 5:58(Laughter)
-
5:59 - 6:02I made two major mistakes
with that intervention: -
6:02 - 6:04the first was telling him,
in a definitive way, -
6:04 - 6:06he wasn't going to get stung.
-
6:06 - 6:07How crazy is that?
-
6:07 - 6:10How could I possibly know
whether or not he gets stung? -
6:11 - 6:14What I should have told him
was that a sting was unlikely -
6:14 - 6:18which would have been
more accurate and also more useful -
6:18 - 6:20because an important part
of overcoming anxiety -
6:20 - 6:22is learning to take a chance,
-
6:22 - 6:25to take action
even though you feel unsure, -
6:25 - 6:28to be nervous and do something anyway.
-
6:29 - 6:33My other mistake was offering a reward
for the bad thing happening. -
6:33 - 6:35What I should have been rewarding
-
6:35 - 6:39was the part of the CBT triangle
I wanted him to be paying attention to: -
6:39 - 6:40the action
-
6:40 - 6:42I should have rewarded his going outside.
-
6:42 - 6:44I could have bought the Lego set he wanted
-
6:44 - 6:47and given him a single piece
every time he went out. -
6:48 - 6:49That would have been rewarding
-
6:49 - 6:52his bravery, his willingness
to face his fear, -
6:52 - 6:55step into the uncertainty
not the bee sting. -
6:56 - 6:59But I didn't know then what I know now
so I did the wrong thing -
6:59 - 7:03although it accomplished something
important: got him to go outside. -
7:04 - 7:09My husband was on the same page,
dangling the same carrot, a bigger carrot. -
7:10 - 7:14"If you go outside," he said,
"and get stung, I'll give you 20 dollars." -
7:14 - 7:16(Laughter)
-
7:16 - 7:21So, Eli went outside
with great trepidation -
7:21 - 7:23but fueled
by the possibility of a pay-off, -
7:23 - 7:25and he did get stung,
-
7:25 - 7:28something like five minutes
after we told him he wouldn't. -
7:29 - 7:33He handled the sting itself pretty well,
which is typically how it goes. -
7:33 - 7:38The possibility of a bad thing
is often worse than the actual bad thing, -
7:38 - 7:42and he was delighted
that we now had to fork over 30 dollars; -
7:42 - 7:44that was half a Lego ship back then,
-
7:45 - 7:48money well spent
as far as we were concerned -
7:48 - 7:50because he saw
that he could survive the sting. -
7:51 - 7:56He went outside more willingly after that,
nervous but liking the financial gain, -
7:56 - 7:59and gradually, his fears abated.
-
7:59 - 8:01It wasn't the perfect cure
-
8:01 - 8:06although he did get over
his fear of long, sharp objects that poked -
8:06 - 8:08enough to take up fencing
-
8:08 - 8:10(Laughter)
-
8:14 - 8:18which was enough to propel me further
into CBT as a theoretical orientation. -
8:19 - 8:20I learned more about
-
8:20 - 8:23how to use cognitive behavioral strategies
without the bribes, -
8:23 - 8:26and it transformed the way
I worked with children, -
8:26 - 8:30anxious children,
who got better, so much better -
8:30 - 8:34that I decided to write a self-help book
to bring these skills to a wider audience. -
8:35 - 8:39My first book was for anxious kids on
what to do when you worry too much, -
8:39 - 8:40and it took off.
-
8:40 - 8:44Sales were higher
than my publisher and I ever anticipated, -
8:44 - 8:46and then I wrote
another book, and another, -
8:46 - 8:50all teaching cognitive behavioral
strategies directly to children -
8:50 - 8:52empowering them to help themselves.
-
8:52 - 8:55I started being contacted
by the national media, -
8:55 - 8:58and by parenting groups,
and professional groups -
8:58 - 9:00wanting me to come speak,
-
9:00 - 9:03but oddly enough, I was never available.
-
9:04 - 9:07The timing of a conference
wasn't quite right, -
9:07 - 9:10I had other plans,
couldn't take time off from my practice. -
9:10 - 9:13These were the excuses I gave
one after another -
9:13 - 9:16as I turned down
invitation after invitation, -
9:16 - 9:19"I'm sorry. I just can't make it."
-
9:20 - 9:23I turned down public speaking invitations
for two years. -
9:23 - 9:26I was aware at some level
of what I was doing. -
9:26 - 9:31I knew I was afraid
I would fall flat, get tongue-tied, -
9:31 - 9:35not be interesting enough or funny enough.
-
9:35 - 9:38I told myself that public speaking
just wasn't my thing, -
9:38 - 9:40and that that was OK.
-
9:40 - 9:41But eventually,
-
9:41 - 9:46the irony of this particular fear
jumped up and slapped me in the face. -
9:46 - 9:47(Laughter)
-
9:47 - 9:53Here I was: a psychologist
with a best-selling book about anxiety, -
9:55 - 10:00a national expert
on the treatment of anxiety; -
10:01 - 10:04anxiety - the very thing
that was keeping me -
10:04 - 10:06from standing up and talking about it,
-
10:07 - 10:10I'd like to be able to tell you
my first thought was, -
10:10 - 10:12"Great, this will be an opportunity
-
10:12 - 10:14to practice all those skills
I've been teaching," -
10:14 - 10:16but I'd be lying.
-
10:16 - 10:17(Laughter)
-
10:17 - 10:18My first thought was,
-
10:18 - 10:21"If I want to be able
to face myself in the mirror, -
10:21 - 10:23I need to do something about this."
-
10:24 - 10:26One of the primary
cognitive behavioral interventions -
10:26 - 10:29for dealing with anxiety is exposure
-
10:29 - 10:32with the aim of desensitizing
to whatever we're afraid of. -
10:32 - 10:35Let's imagine we're putting
together a tool box; -
10:35 - 10:37exposure's our first tool.
-
10:37 - 10:38How does it work?
-
10:38 - 10:40Well, think about jumping
into a swimming pool; -
10:40 - 10:45it's cold, but if you stay in the water,
start swimming, or playing, or whatever, -
10:45 - 10:48pretty soon it feels fine;
you've desensitized. -
10:49 - 10:52The water's just as cold as it was
when you first jumped in, -
10:52 - 10:55but you don't notice the cold anymore,
you've gotten used to it. -
10:56 - 10:59One version of this exposure technique
is called flooding, -
10:59 - 11:02it's like exposure on steroids,
-
11:02 - 11:05the literal equivalent
of jumping into a cold pool, -
11:05 - 11:07all at once, "Just deal with it."
-
11:07 - 11:11Afraid of spiders?
Plunge your hand into a jar of them. -
11:12 - 11:13Afraid of germs?
-
11:13 - 11:17Go to a pediatrician's office,
touch all the toys in the waiting room, -
11:17 - 11:19rub your hands on your face.
-
11:21 - 11:24The technique actually works
if you can get yourself to do it, -
11:25 - 11:29but flooding isn't the way
most people choose to face their fears. -
11:29 - 11:30It's kind of harsh.
-
11:31 - 11:33Fortunately, there's
another version of exposure, -
11:33 - 11:35a more gradual method,
-
11:35 - 11:37the equivalent of slowly
lowering yourself into the pool, -
11:37 - 11:40taking one step in
and letting your feet get used to it, -
11:40 - 11:43and then taking another step and another.
-
11:43 - 11:45It was this gradual exposure,
-
11:45 - 11:47this step-by-step method
that I decided to use. -
11:47 - 11:51I set up a hierarchy for myself
and started small: -
11:51 - 11:55toes in the water stuff,
raising my hand at conferences, -
11:55 - 11:57commenting during group meetings,
-
11:57 - 12:01eventually agreeing
to give a brief talk to a smaller group, -
12:01 - 12:05writing the whole thing out,
holding my script, -
12:05 - 12:08reading it verbatim,
-
12:09 - 12:12I forced myself to look up -
that was a triumph - -
12:12 - 12:16and slowly, painstakingly but doggedly
-
12:16 - 12:19I made my way through
this hierarchy of challenges: -
12:19 - 12:22bigger groups, letting go of the script,
-
12:22 - 12:25culminating in this.
-
12:27 - 12:28(Applause)
-
12:33 - 12:35So there's hope
-
12:35 - 12:37not just for me but for all of us
-
12:37 - 12:39because all of us are wired
-
12:39 - 12:42to shrink away from things
that might hurt us. -
12:42 - 12:43That's a good thing -
-
12:43 - 12:46shrinking away from things
that might hurt us - -
12:46 - 12:48as long as we're accurate
in our assessment -
12:48 - 12:51of what's going to hurt us
and how serious the harm will be. -
12:52 - 12:55But all too often, something goes wrong.
-
12:55 - 12:57We lose the ability to gauge risk,
-
12:57 - 13:00and we begin to assume
that if we're afraid, -
13:00 - 13:04we must be in danger even when we aren't.
-
13:04 - 13:08Fortunately, there's another tool
we can put in the toolbox: -
13:08 - 13:11we can learn to recognize
and correct thinking mistakes. -
13:11 - 13:13What's a thinking mistake?
-
13:13 - 13:15It's a misperception,
-
13:15 - 13:18a misperception that fuels anxiety.
-
13:18 - 13:20There are three common ones,
-
13:20 - 13:23the first: overestimating likelihood.
-
13:23 - 13:24Here's what this one sounds like,
-
13:24 - 13:28"If a bad thing could happen,
it will happen, I know it, -
13:28 - 13:31and even though it hasn't happened yet,
I'm pretty sure it will, -
13:31 - 13:33and anyway, I'm not taking any chances,"
-
13:34 - 13:36which is closely linked
to thinking mistake number two: -
13:36 - 13:38catastrophizing.
-
13:38 - 13:42"That bad thing that's going to happen,
it's not going to be a little bad thing. -
13:42 - 13:47It's going to be a big, bad thing,
an awful thing, the worst ever. -
13:47 - 13:48I'll never get through it."
-
13:49 - 13:50That last part,
-
13:50 - 13:54that's actually thinking mistake
number three: self-doubt. -
13:54 - 13:57"The bad things going to happen
it's going to be awful. -
13:57 - 13:59I'll never survive it, forget it,
I'm not going to do it." -
14:00 - 14:02Sound familiar?
-
14:02 - 14:08We all have these thoughts anticipating
the worst envisioning failure, -
14:08 - 14:12underestimating our own resourcefulness,
telling ourselves we can't cope, -
14:13 - 14:15but our thoughts are just our thoughts
-
14:15 - 14:19not necessarily useful,
not necessarily true, -
14:19 - 14:23and when we have a mistaken thought
we don't need to hold on to it, -
14:23 - 14:27we can toss it aside,
or better yet, correct it. -
14:28 - 14:32It helps to externalize anxiety
which is actually our third tool. -
14:32 - 14:35This one involves thinking
about your worry or fear -
14:35 - 14:37like a pest, a little creature,
-
14:37 - 14:40whose sole aim is to make you feel scared.
-
14:40 - 14:42Every time you listen to that worry,
-
14:42 - 14:46every time you chase it
down it's what-if rabbit hole -
14:46 - 14:48and follow the rules it sets up,
-
14:48 - 14:51"Don't go there,"
"Don't touch that", "Don't do that," -
14:51 - 14:54every time you listen
to your worry, you're feeding it, -
14:54 - 14:58and every time you feed your worry,
you're making it stronger. -
14:59 - 15:01But when you don't obey your worry,
-
15:01 - 15:04when you talk back to it,
challenge it, correct it, -
15:04 - 15:06well, that's a win for you.
-
15:06 - 15:09I've actually presented
the tools in reverse order -
15:09 - 15:11so I'm going to flip them around
-
15:11 - 15:13to show you how a person
might use them - a child. -
15:14 - 15:16Let's imagine you're eight years old,
-
15:16 - 15:18and you happen to be afraid
of going up stairs alone -
15:18 - 15:19because there might be
-
15:19 - 15:23one of those scary dolls
that comes to life, or a ghost, -
15:23 - 15:26or maybe you're not sure
what you're afraid of -
15:26 - 15:27you just don't want to go up there.
-
15:27 - 15:30But let's say you've started
to learn this skill set, -
15:30 - 15:32so first, you'd externalize your anxiety:
-
15:32 - 15:34tell yourself,
-
15:34 - 15:37"That's my worry talking to me.
I don't need to listen." -
15:37 - 15:40Second, you'd find incorrect
your thinking mistakes, -
15:40 - 15:43"The chance of something
grabbing me is really small. -
15:43 - 15:46I've been upstairs a ton of times,
and nothing bad's happened." -
15:46 - 15:50third, you'd remember the pool;
you've got to get in. -
15:50 - 15:53You can jump in -
just go upstairs all at once - -
15:53 - 15:55or you can do it gradually:
-
15:55 - 15:58practice going up,
just a little bit at a time. -
15:58 - 16:01If your mom can stand
at the bottom of the stairs -
16:01 - 16:03while you go up and back down again,
-
16:03 - 16:05and then go up
and touch all the doorknobs -
16:05 - 16:07and come back down,
-
16:07 - 16:09and then maybe your mom
can move further away -
16:09 - 16:12while you go further up
and stay a bit longer. -
16:13 - 16:17The goal, when it comes
to facing fear, is facing it -
16:18 - 16:23not waiting to not feel afraid,
not accommodating the fear, -
16:23 - 16:27not wishing it away
or even breathing it away. -
16:27 - 16:30You have to do what you're afraid of
while you're afraid -
16:30 - 16:33to see that your fear is a false alarm.
-
16:33 - 16:36It isn't giving you useful information,
-
16:36 - 16:38and you don't have to obey it.
-
16:39 - 16:40It's a feeling,
-
16:40 - 16:42an uncomfortable feeling but a feeling,
-
16:42 - 16:45and like all feelings, it's temporary.
-
16:46 - 16:49You, your kids, anyone
can learn to do this -
16:49 - 16:52to start treating anxiety
like background noise, -
16:52 - 16:55like a jackhammer blasting away outside.
-
16:55 - 16:57Sure you can hear it;
you can't help but hear it. -
16:57 - 17:02But you don't have to wail against it
or remain frozen in place until it stops; -
17:02 - 17:06just let it be, turn your attention
to something else. -
17:06 - 17:08That's where deep breathing comes in,
-
17:08 - 17:13and mindfulness exercises,
and various forms of distraction - -
17:13 - 17:15these are additional tools
-
17:15 - 17:18best used not to avoid
the things we're afraid of -
17:18 - 17:21but to help us settle
our minds and our bodies -
17:21 - 17:26so that inner alarm,
that false alarm can quiet itself -
17:27 - 17:28allowing us to remember
-
17:28 - 17:32that being afraid is not
the same as being in danger. -
17:33 - 17:35So we have a choice:
-
17:35 - 17:40we can follow our instincts, shrink away,
capitulate to our fears, and stay stuck -
17:40 - 17:44or we can face our fears,
move towards them. -
17:45 - 17:47Anxiety is like a Chinese finger trap,
-
17:47 - 17:51that woven tube you put your fingers into;
-
17:51 - 17:54and the more you pull against it,
the more stuck you get. -
17:54 - 17:58The trick is you have to relax your hands,
-
17:58 - 18:02stop fighting against the tube,
move into it, -
18:02 - 18:05and suddenly, you're free.
-
18:06 - 18:07Thank you.
-
18:07 - 18:08(Applause)
- Title:
- Rethinking anxiety: learning to face fear | Dawn Huebner | TEDxAmoskeagMillyardWomen
- Description:
-
This talk was given at a TEDx event using the TED conference format but independently organized by a local community. Learn more at http://ted.com/tedx
We are hard-wired to shrink away from the things that scare us - to fight, flee or freeze in the face of danger. That's a good thing, but anxiety is about perceived danger, which is different from actual danger. When we act based solely on nervous feelings, our worlds can become very small. Our desperate attempt to avoid discomfort and uncertainty fuels anxiety, and avoidance locks it in place. Yet we can take back control. We can learn to face our fears rather than running from them.
Dr. Dawn Huebner believes we can all be taught to overcome fear and anxiety. In this engaging talk she explains how anyone, at any age, can conquer debilitating fear. A clinical psychologist in private practice, she treats children with a variety of emotional, behavioral, and developmental concerns.
Huebner is the author of "The What To Do Guides for Kids" series, which not only reflect her beliefs about empowerment but also provide practical advice for parents and children. Her personal journey as a parent, however, led Huebner on a quest to find ways of using cognitive-behavioral therapy as an approach. With simple language and humor, she presents sophisticated concepts in a way easily understood by everyone. These concepts, in book form, have been translated and sold in 12 different languages worldwide.
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDxTalks
- Duration:
- 18:13