How (and why) Russia hacked the US election
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0:01 - 0:04Let's say you despise
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0:04 - 0:05Western democracy.
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0:07 - 0:09Democracy, in all its trappings,
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0:09 - 0:11free elections, town halls,
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0:12 - 0:14endless debates about
the proper role of government. -
0:14 - 0:16Too messy,
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0:16 - 0:17too unpredictable,
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0:17 - 0:19too constraining for your taste.
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0:20 - 0:24And the way these democracies
band together and lecture everyone else -
0:24 - 0:26about individual rights and freedoms --
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0:26 - 0:28it gets under your skin.
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0:29 - 0:31So what to do about it?
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0:32 - 0:37You can call out the hypocrisy
and failures of Western democracies -
0:37 - 0:40and explain how your way is better,
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0:40 - 0:42but that's never really worked for you.
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0:43 - 0:45What if you could get the people
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0:45 - 0:49whose support is the very foundation
of these democracies -
0:49 - 0:51to start questioning the system?
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0:52 - 0:55Make the idea occur in their own minds
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0:55 - 0:59that democracy and its institutions
are failing them, -
0:59 - 1:01their elite are corrupt puppet masters
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1:01 - 1:04and the country they knew is in free fall.
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1:06 - 1:07To do that,
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1:07 - 1:10you'll need to infiltrate
the information spheres -
1:10 - 1:11of these democracies.
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1:11 - 1:15You'll need to turn
their most powerful asset -- -
1:15 - 1:17an open mind --
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1:17 - 1:19into their greatest vulnerability.
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1:20 - 1:22You'll need people to question the truth.
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1:24 - 1:29Now, you'll be familiar of hacking
and leaks that happened in 2016. -
1:29 - 1:32One was the Democratic
National Committee's networks, -
1:32 - 1:35and the personal email
accounts of its staff, -
1:35 - 1:36later released on WikiLeaks.
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1:37 - 1:39After that, various online personas,
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1:39 - 1:44like a supposed Romanian cybercriminal
who didn't speak Romanian, -
1:44 - 1:48aggressively pushed news
of these leaks to journalists. -
1:49 - 1:51The media took the bait.
-
1:51 - 1:54They were consumed by how much
the DNC hated Bernie. -
1:55 - 1:59At the time, it was that narrative
that far outshined the news -
1:59 - 2:03that a group of Russian government
sponsored hackers -
2:03 - 2:06who we called "Advanced
Persistent Threat 28," -
2:06 - 2:08or "APT28" for short,
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2:08 - 2:11was carrying out
these operations against the US. -
2:12 - 2:14And there was no shortage of evidence.
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2:15 - 2:19This group of Russian government hackers
hadn't just appeared out of nowhere -
2:19 - 2:20in 2016.
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2:20 - 2:23We had started tracking
this group back in 2014. -
2:23 - 2:28And the tools that APT28 used
to compromise its victims' networks -
2:28 - 2:32demonstrated a thoughtful,
well-resourced effort -
2:32 - 2:34that had taken place for now over a decade
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2:34 - 2:36in Moscow's time zone
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2:36 - 2:38from about 9 am to 6 pm.
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2:39 - 2:44APT28 loved to prey on the emails
and contacts of journalists in Chechnya, -
2:44 - 2:48the Georgian government,
eastern European defense attachés -- -
2:48 - 2:52all targets with an undeniable interest
to the Russian government. -
2:52 - 2:54We weren't the only ones onto this.
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2:54 - 2:57Governments, research teams
across the world, -
2:57 - 2:59were coming to similar conclusions
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2:59 - 3:01and observing the same
types of operations. -
3:02 - 3:05But what Russia was doing in 2016
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3:05 - 3:07went far beyond espionage.
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3:08 - 3:15The DNC hack was just one of many
where stolen data was posted online -
3:15 - 3:17accompanied by a sensational narrative,
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3:17 - 3:19then amplified in social media
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3:19 - 3:22for lightning-speed adoption by the media.
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3:25 - 3:27This didn't ring the alarm bells
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3:27 - 3:32that a nation-state was trying
to interfere with the credibility -
3:32 - 3:34of another's internal affairs.
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3:34 - 3:39So why, collectively,
did we not see this coming? -
3:39 - 3:43Why did it take months
before Americans understood -
3:43 - 3:47that they were under a state-sponsored
information attack? -
3:48 - 3:50The easy answer is politics.
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3:50 - 3:54The Obama Administration was caught
in a perfect catch-22. -
3:54 - 3:58By raising the specter that the Russian
government was interfering -
3:58 - 4:01in the US presidential campaign,
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4:01 - 4:05the Administration risked appearing
to meddle in the campaign itself. -
4:06 - 4:08But the better answer, I think,
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4:08 - 4:12is that the US and the West
were utterly unequipped -
4:12 - 4:17to recognize and respond
to a modern information operation, -
4:17 - 4:22despite the fact that the US
had wielded information -
4:22 - 4:25with devastating success
in an era not so long ago. -
4:26 - 4:30Look, so while the US and the West
spent the last 20 years -
4:30 - 4:32caught up in cybersecurity --
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4:32 - 4:33what networks to harden,
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4:33 - 4:36which infrastructure to deem critical,
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4:36 - 4:40how to set up armies of cyber warriors
and cyber commands -- -
4:40 - 4:43Russia was thinking in far more
consequential terms. -
4:45 - 4:49Before the first iPhone
even hit the shelf, -
4:49 - 4:53the Russian government understood
the risks and the opportunity -
4:53 - 4:55that technology provided
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4:55 - 4:59and the inter-communication
and instant communication it provided us. -
5:00 - 5:04As our realities are increasingly
based on the information -
5:04 - 5:06that we're consuming
at the palm of our hand -
5:06 - 5:08and from the news feeds
that we're scanning -
5:08 - 5:11and the hashtags and stories
that we see trending, -
5:11 - 5:14the Russian government
was the first to recognize -
5:14 - 5:16how this evolution
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5:16 - 5:21had turned your mind into the most
exploitable device on the planet. -
5:23 - 5:25And your mind is particularly exploitable
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5:25 - 5:29if you're accustomed
to an unfettered flow of information, -
5:29 - 5:33now increasingly curated
to your own tastes. -
5:35 - 5:38This panorama of information
that's so interesting to you -
5:38 - 5:44gives a state, or anyone for that matter,
a perfect back door into your mind. -
5:45 - 5:49It's this new brand of state-sponsored
information operations -
5:49 - 5:51that can be that much more successful,
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5:51 - 5:52more insidious,
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5:52 - 5:56and harder for the target audience --
that includes the media -- -
5:56 - 5:58to decipher and characterize.
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5:59 - 6:01If you can get a hashtag
trending on Twitter, -
6:01 - 6:04or chum the waters with fake news
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6:04 - 6:06directed to audiences
primed to receive it, -
6:07 - 6:09or drive journalists to dissect
terabytes of email -
6:09 - 6:11for a cent of impropriety --
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6:11 - 6:14all tactics used in Russian operations --
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6:14 - 6:18then you've got a shot at effectively
camouflaging your operations -
6:18 - 6:20in the mind of your target.
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6:22 - 6:26This is what Russia's long called
"reflexive control." -
6:27 - 6:31It's the ability to use
information on someone else -
6:31 - 6:33so that they make a decision
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6:33 - 6:34on their own accord
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6:34 - 6:36that's favorable to you.
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6:38 - 6:42This is nation-state-grade image control
and perception management, -
6:42 - 6:45and it's conducted by any means,
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6:45 - 6:49with any tools, network-based
or otherwise, that will achieve it. -
6:50 - 6:51Take this for another example.
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6:51 - 6:56In early February 2014, a few weeks
before Russia would invade Crimea, -
6:56 - 6:58a phone call is posted on YouTube.
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6:58 - 7:01In it, there's two US diplomats.
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7:01 - 7:04They sound like they're playing
kingmaker in Ukraine, -
7:04 - 7:08and worse, they curse the EU
for its lack of speed and leadership -
7:08 - 7:09in resolving the crisis.
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7:10 - 7:13The media covers the phone call,
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7:13 - 7:16and then the ensuing diplomatic backlash
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7:17 - 7:20leaves Washington and Europe reeling.
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7:21 - 7:25And it creates a fissured response
and a feckless attitude -
7:25 - 7:27towards Russia's land grab in Ukraine.
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7:28 - 7:30Mission accomplished.
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7:31 - 7:34So while hacked phone calls
and emails and networks -
7:34 - 7:36keep grabbing the headlines,
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7:36 - 7:39the real operations are the ones
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7:39 - 7:42that are influencing
the decisions you make -
7:42 - 7:43and the opinions you hold,
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7:43 - 7:47all in the service of a nation-state's
strategic interest. -
7:48 - 7:50This is power in the information age.
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7:52 - 7:55And this information is all
that much more seductive, -
7:55 - 7:59all that much easier to take
at face value and pass on, -
7:59 - 8:00when it's authentic.
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8:01 - 8:06Who's not interested in the truth
that's presented in phone calls and emails -
8:06 - 8:09that were never intended
for public consumption? -
8:10 - 8:12But how meaningful is that truth
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8:12 - 8:14if you don't know why
it's being revealed to you? -
8:16 - 8:20We must recognize that this place
where we're increasingly living, -
8:20 - 8:22which we've quaintly termed "cyberspace,"
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8:22 - 8:25isn't defined by ones and zeroes,
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8:25 - 8:28but by information
and the people behind it. -
8:29 - 8:32This is far more than a network
of computers and devices. -
8:32 - 8:35This is a network composed of minds
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8:35 - 8:38interacting with computers and devices.
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8:39 - 8:41And for this network,
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8:43 - 8:46there's no encryption,
there's no firewall, -
8:46 - 8:48no two-factor authentication,
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8:48 - 8:51no password complex enough to protect you.
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8:52 - 8:54What you have for defense
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8:54 - 8:58is far stronger, it's more adaptable,
it's always running the latest version. -
8:59 - 9:02It's the ability to think critically:
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9:02 - 9:04call out falsehood,
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9:04 - 9:05press for the facts.
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9:07 - 9:11And above all, you must have the courage
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9:11 - 9:14to unflinchingly pursue the truth.
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9:16 - 9:21(Applause)
- Title:
- How (and why) Russia hacked the US election
- Speaker:
- Laura Galante
- Description:
-
Hacking, fake news, information bubbles ... all these and more have become part of the vernacular in recent years. But as cyberspace analyst Laura Galante describes in this alarming talk, the real target of anyone looking to influence geopolitics is dastardly simple: it's you.
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDTalks
- Duration:
- 09:33
Brian Greene edited English subtitles for How (and why) Russia hacked the US election | ||
Brian Greene edited English subtitles for How (and why) Russia hacked the US election | ||
Brian Greene edited English subtitles for How (and why) Russia hacked the US election | ||
Brian Greene approved English subtitles for How (and why) Russia hacked the US election | ||
Brian Greene edited English subtitles for How (and why) Russia hacked the US election | ||
Camille Martínez accepted English subtitles for How (and why) Russia hacked the US election | ||
Camille Martínez edited English subtitles for How (and why) Russia hacked the US election | ||
Camille Martínez edited English subtitles for How (and why) Russia hacked the US election |