How to transform sinking cities into landscapes that fight floods
-
0:01 - 0:04At this very moment,
-
0:04 - 0:07with every breath we take,
-
0:07 - 0:12major delta cities
across the globe are sinking, -
0:12 - 0:15including New York, London,
-
0:15 - 0:18Tokyo, Shanghai, New Orleans,
-
0:18 - 0:21and as well as my city, Bangkok.
-
0:23 - 0:27Here is the usual version
of climate change. -
0:29 - 0:30This is mine.
-
0:31 - 0:32Nothing much,
-
0:32 - 0:34just a crocodile on the street.
-
0:34 - 0:35(Laughter)
-
0:35 - 0:38This is an urgent impact
of climate change: -
0:39 - 0:40over sinking cities.
-
0:42 - 0:46Here, you can see
the urbanization of Bangkok, -
0:46 - 0:49growing in every direction,
-
0:49 - 0:53shifting from porous, agricultural land --
-
0:54 - 0:57the land that can breathe
and absorb water -- -
0:57 - 0:59to a concrete jungle.
-
1:02 - 1:06This is what parts of it look like
after 30 minutes of rainfall. -
1:07 - 1:09And every time it rains,
-
1:09 - 1:11I wish my car could turn into a boat.
-
1:13 - 1:15This land has no room for water.
-
1:16 - 1:20It has lost its absorbent capacity.
-
1:22 - 1:26The reality of Bangkok's
metropolitan region -
1:26 - 1:31is a city of 15 million people
-
1:31 - 1:37living, working and commuting
on top of a shifting, muddy river delta. -
1:38 - 1:43Bangkok is sinking
more than one centimeter per year, -
1:43 - 1:50which is four times faster
than the rate of predicted sea level rise. -
1:51 - 1:56And we could be below sea level by 2030,
-
1:56 - 1:58which will be here too soon.
-
2:01 - 2:07There is no coincidence that I am here
as a landscape architect. -
2:08 - 2:11As a child, I grew up in a row house
-
2:11 - 2:15next to the busy road
always filled with traffic. -
2:17 - 2:21In front of my house,
there was a concrete parking lot, -
2:21 - 2:23and that was my playground.
-
2:24 - 2:29The only living creature I would find,
-
2:29 - 2:30and had fun with,
-
2:30 - 2:36were these sneaky little plants
trying to grow through the crack -
2:36 - 2:37of the concrete pavement.
-
2:38 - 2:40My favorite game with friends
-
2:40 - 2:47was to dig a bigger
and bigger hole through this crack -
2:47 - 2:50to let this little plant creep out --
-
2:50 - 2:52sneak out more and more.
-
2:54 - 2:57And yes, landscape architecture
-
2:57 - 3:02gives me the opportunity
to continue my cracking ambition -- -
3:02 - 3:04(Laughter)
-
3:04 - 3:08to connect this concrete land
back to nature. -
3:10 - 3:13Before, Thais -- my people --
-
3:13 - 3:19we were adapted to the cycle
of the wet and dry season, -
3:19 - 3:23and you could call us amphibious.
-
3:23 - 3:24(Laughter)
-
3:24 - 3:26We lived both on land and on water.
-
3:27 - 3:29We were adapted to both.
-
3:30 - 3:35And flooding was a happy event,
when the water fertilized our land. -
3:37 - 3:39But now, flooding means ...
-
3:40 - 3:42disaster.
-
3:43 - 3:44In 2011,
-
3:44 - 3:51Thailand was hit by the most damaging
and the most expensive flood disaster -
3:51 - 3:52in our history.
-
3:53 - 3:57Flooding has turned central Thailand
into an enormous lake. -
3:59 - 4:04Here, you can see the scale of the flood
in the center of the image, -
4:04 - 4:07to the scale of Bangkok,
outlined in yellow. -
4:08 - 4:11The water was overflowing from the north,
-
4:11 - 4:14making its way across several provinces.
-
4:17 - 4:20Millions of my people,
-
4:20 - 4:23including me and my family,
-
4:23 - 4:26were displaced and homeless.
-
4:27 - 4:29Some had to escape the city.
-
4:30 - 4:35Many were terrified of losing
their home and their belongings, -
4:35 - 4:41so they stayed back in the flood
with no electricity and clean water. -
4:43 - 4:46For me, this flood reflects clearly
-
4:46 - 4:49that our modern infrastructure,
-
4:51 - 4:56and especially our notion
of fighting flood with concrete, -
4:56 - 5:02had made us so extremely vulnerable
to the climate uncertainty. -
5:04 - 5:07But in the heart of this disaster,
-
5:07 - 5:09I found my calling.
-
5:09 - 5:14I cannot just sit and wait
as my city continues to sink. -
5:15 - 5:17The city needed me,
-
5:17 - 5:21and I had the ability to fix this problem.
-
5:23 - 5:24Six years ago,
-
5:26 - 5:27I started my project.
-
5:28 - 5:34My teams and I won the design competition
for Chulalongkorn Centenary Park. -
5:35 - 5:41This was the big, bold mission
of the first university in Thailand -
5:41 - 5:45for celebrating its hundredth anniversary
-
5:45 - 5:50by giving this piece of land
as a public park to our city. -
5:51 - 5:57Having a park sounds very normal
to many other cities, -
5:57 - 6:00but not in Bangkok,
-
6:00 - 6:06which has one of the lowest
public green space per capita -
6:06 - 6:08among megacities in Asia.
-
6:10 - 6:15Our project's become
the first new public park -
6:15 - 6:17in almost 30 years.
-
6:18 - 6:20The 11-acre park --
-
6:20 - 6:24a big green crack
at the heart of Bangkok -- -
6:24 - 6:26opened just last year.
-
6:27 - 6:28(Applause and cheers)
-
6:28 - 6:29Thank you.
-
6:29 - 6:34(Applause)
-
6:34 - 6:38For four years, we have pushed
through countless meetings -
6:39 - 6:42to convince and never
give up to convincing -
6:42 - 6:48that this park isn't just
for beautification or recreation: -
6:48 - 6:50it must help the city deal with water,
-
6:50 - 6:53it must help the city
confront climate change. -
6:54 - 6:56And here is how it works.
-
6:56 - 6:59Bangkok is a flat city,
-
6:59 - 7:04so we harnessed the power of gravity
by inclining the whole park -
7:04 - 7:06to collect every drop of rain.
-
7:08 - 7:12The gravity force pulls down
the runoff from the highest point -
7:12 - 7:14to the lowest point.
-
7:15 - 7:19This park has three main elements
that work as one system. -
7:20 - 7:22The first -- the green roof.
-
7:23 - 7:26This is the biggest
green roof in Thailand, -
7:26 - 7:29with the rainwater tanks
and museum underneath. -
7:31 - 7:32In the dry season,
-
7:32 - 7:38the collected rain can be used
to water the park for up to a month. -
7:39 - 7:43The runoff on the green roof
then falls through wetlands -
7:44 - 7:47with the native water plants
that can help filter -
7:47 - 7:49and help clean water.
-
7:50 - 7:52And at the lower end,
-
7:52 - 7:56the retention pond
collects all of the water. -
7:57 - 8:01At this pond, there are water bikes.
-
8:02 - 8:06People can pedal and help clean water.
-
8:06 - 8:12Their exercise becomes an active part
of the park water system. -
8:14 - 8:16When life gives you a flood,
-
8:16 - 8:18you have fun with the water.
-
8:18 - 8:19(Laughter)
-
8:21 - 8:25Centenary Park gives room for people
and room for water, -
8:25 - 8:28which is exactly
what we and our cities need. -
8:31 - 8:35This is an amphibious design.
-
8:35 - 8:38This park is not
about getting rid of flood. -
8:39 - 8:42It's about creating a way to live with it.
-
8:43 - 8:47And not a single drop of rain
is wasted in this park. -
8:48 - 8:54This park can hold and collect
a million gallons of water. -
8:57 - 8:58(Applause)
-
8:58 - 8:59Thank you.
-
8:59 - 9:03(Applause)
-
9:03 - 9:07Every given project, for me,
is an opportunity -
9:07 - 9:11to create more green cracks
through this concrete jungle -
9:12 - 9:17by using landscape architecture
as a solution, -
9:17 - 9:22like turning this concrete roof
into an urban farm, -
9:22 - 9:25which can help absorb rain;
-
9:25 - 9:27reduce urban heat island
-
9:27 - 9:30and grow food in the middle of the city;
-
9:31 - 9:35reuse the abandoned concrete structure
-
9:35 - 9:38to become a green pedestrian bridge;
-
9:39 - 9:44and another flood-proof park
at Thammasat University, -
9:44 - 9:50which nearly completes the biggest
green roof on an academic campus yet -
9:50 - 9:51in Southeast Asia.
-
9:55 - 9:59Severe flooding is our new normal,
-
9:59 - 10:03putting the southeast Asian region --
-
10:03 - 10:07the region with the most coastline --
-
10:07 - 10:08at extreme risk.
-
10:10 - 10:13Creating a park is just one solution.
-
10:15 - 10:16The awareness of climate change
-
10:16 - 10:23means we, in every profession
we are involved, -
10:23 - 10:28are increasingly obligated
to understand the climate risk -
10:28 - 10:33and put whatever we are working on
as part of the solution. -
10:34 - 10:39Because if our cities continue
-
10:39 - 10:41the way they are now,
-
10:42 - 10:45a similar catastrophe
will happen again ... -
10:46 - 10:47and again.
-
10:50 - 10:53Creating a solution
in these sinking cities -
10:53 - 10:58is like making the impossible possible.
-
11:00 - 11:01And for that,
-
11:02 - 11:08I would like to share one word
that I always keep in mind, -
11:08 - 11:10that is, "tangjai."
-
11:12 - 11:18The literal translation
for "tang" is "to firmly stand," -
11:20 - 11:23and "jai" means "heart."
-
11:25 - 11:28Firmly stand your heart at your goal.
-
11:29 - 11:34In Thai language,
when you commit to do something, -
11:34 - 11:37you put tangjai in front of your word,
-
11:37 - 11:41so your heart will be in your action.
-
11:42 - 11:44No matter how rough the path,
-
11:44 - 11:46how big the crack,
-
11:46 - 11:48you push through to your goal,
-
11:48 - 11:51because that's where your heart is.
-
11:53 - 11:56And yes, Thailand is home.
-
11:58 - 12:00This land is my only home,
-
12:02 - 12:07and that's where I firmly stand my heart.
-
12:08 - 12:09Where do you stand yours?
-
12:10 - 12:11Thank you.
-
12:11 - 12:12(Applause)
-
12:12 - 12:13Thank you.
-
12:13 - 12:14Kòp kun ka.
-
12:15 - 12:18(Applause and cheers)
- Title:
- How to transform sinking cities into landscapes that fight floods
- Speaker:
- Kotchakorn Voraakhom
- Description:
-
From London to Tokyo, climate change is causing cities to sink -- and our modern concrete infrastructure is making us even more vulnerable to severe flooding, says landscape architect and TED Fellow Kotchakorn Voraakhom. But what if we could design cities to help fight floods? In this inspiring talk, Voraakhom shows how she developed a massive park in Bangkok that can hold a million gallons of rainwater, calling for more climate change solutions that connect cities back to nature.
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDTalks
- Duration:
- 12:30
Brian Greene edited English subtitles for How to transform sinking cities into landscapes that fight floods | ||
Brian Greene edited English subtitles for How to transform sinking cities into landscapes that fight floods | ||
Oliver Friedman edited English subtitles for How to transform sinking cities into landscapes that fight floods | ||
Oliver Friedman edited English subtitles for How to transform sinking cities into landscapes that fight floods | ||
Oliver Friedman edited English subtitles for How to transform sinking cities into landscapes that fight floods | ||
Brian Greene approved English subtitles for How to transform sinking cities into landscapes that fight floods | ||
Brian Greene edited English subtitles for How to transform sinking cities into landscapes that fight floods | ||
Krystian Aparta accepted English subtitles for How to transform sinking cities into landscapes that fight floods |