Some thoughts about the tendency of religious groups to claim intellectual ownership of morality.
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Animal studies
Frans De Waal talk/articles:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GcJxRqTs5nk
Proctor, D., Williamson, R.A., de Waal, F.B.M. and Brosnan, S.F. (2013) Chimpanzees play the ultimatum game. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 110 (6)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3568338/
Proctor, D., Brosnan, S.F. and de Waal, F.B.M. (2013) How fairly do chimpanzees play the ultimatum game? Communicative & Integrative Biology 6 (3)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3656016/
see also:
Vulcan and Virgil, the sharing capuchins:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2BYJf2xSONc
chimpanzees conflict and resolution
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bdKUm6fLOgY
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Berkovits, E. (1975) Judaism in the Post-Christian Era. in Talmage, F.E. (Ed.), Disputation and Dialogue: Readings in the Jewish Christian Encounter. Ktav, New York.
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Gill, J. (1746-63) Exposition of the Entire Bible.
Psalm 137:9: ‘Happy shall he be that taketh and dasheth thy little ones against the stones. That takes the infants from their mothers' breasts, or out of their arms, and dashes out their brains against a "rock", as the word (k) signifies; which, though it may seem a piece of cruelty, was but a just retaliation; the Babylonians having done the same to the Jewish children, and is foretold elsewhere should be done to theirs, Isaiah 13:16. Nor is this desired from a spirit of revenge, but for the glory of divine justice, and that such a generation of cruel creatures might be rooted out of the earth; see Revelation 2:2. Some allegorically understand this of crushing and mortifying the first motions of sin in the heart; but such a sense seems to have no place here.
(k) "ad petram", V. L. Pagninus, Montanus, &c. "ad repem", Cocceius.’
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Hobson, T. (2017) God Created Humanism: The Christian basis of secular values. Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, London.
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Paine, T. (1794-1807) The Age of Reason
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Jewish biblical passages:
Vayikra 21
https://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/9922
Vayikra 24
https://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/9925
Vayikra 25
https://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/9926
Bamidbar 31
https://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/9959
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music © theramintrees:
Excerpt from Beethoven's seventh symphony, second movement.