What happens in your brain when you pay attention?
-
0:01 - 0:03Paying close attention to something:
-
0:03 - 0:05Not that easy, is it?
-
0:06 - 0:11It's because our attention is pulled
in so many different directions at a time, -
0:11 - 0:15and it's in fact pretty impressive
if you can stay focused. -
0:16 - 0:20Many people think that attention
is all about what we are focusing on, -
0:20 - 0:25but it's also about what information
our brain is trying to filter out. -
0:26 - 0:29There are two ways
you direct your attention. -
0:30 - 0:31First, there's overt attention.
-
0:32 - 0:36In overt attention,
you move your eyes towards something -
0:36 - 0:37in order to pay attention to it.
-
0:38 - 0:40Then there's covert attention.
-
0:40 - 0:44In covert attention,
you pay attention to something, -
0:44 - 0:46but without moving your eyes.
-
0:47 - 0:49Think of driving for a second.
-
0:51 - 0:54Your overt attention,
your direction of the eyes, -
0:54 - 0:56are in front,
-
0:56 - 0:57but that's your covert attention
-
0:57 - 1:01which is constantly scanning
the surrounding area, -
1:02 - 1:03where you don't actually look at them.
-
1:06 - 1:07I'm a computational neuroscientist,
-
1:07 - 1:11and I work on cognitive
brain-machine interfaces, -
1:11 - 1:14or bringing together
the brain and the computer. -
1:15 - 1:16I love brain patterns.
-
1:17 - 1:18Brain patterns are important for us
-
1:18 - 1:22because based on them
we can build models for the computers, -
1:22 - 1:23and based on these models
-
1:23 - 1:28computers can recognize
how well our brain functions. -
1:28 - 1:29And if it doesn't function well,
-
1:30 - 1:34then these computers themselves
can be used as assistive devices -
1:35 - 1:36for therapies.
-
1:36 - 1:38But that also means something,
-
1:39 - 1:42because choosing the wrong patterns
-
1:42 - 1:44will give us the wrong models
-
1:44 - 1:45and therefore the wrong therapies.
-
1:45 - 1:47Right?
-
1:48 - 1:49In case of attention,
-
1:49 - 1:51the fact that we can
-
1:52 - 1:55shift our attention not only by our eyes
-
1:55 - 1:57but also by thinking --
-
1:57 - 2:02that makes covert attention
an interesting model for computers. -
2:02 - 2:06So I wanted to know
what are the brainwave patterns -
2:06 - 2:09when you look overtly
or when you look covertly. -
2:10 - 2:12I set up an experiment for that.
-
2:13 - 2:16In this experiment
there are two flickering squares, -
2:16 - 2:19one of them flickering
at a slower rate than the other one. -
2:21 - 2:24Depending on which of these flickers
you are paying attention to, -
2:24 - 2:28certain parts of your brain
will start resonating in the same rate -
2:29 - 2:31as that flickering rate.
-
2:32 - 2:35So by analyzing your brain signals,
-
2:35 - 2:38we can track where exactly
you are watching -
2:39 - 2:40or you are paying attention to.
-
2:43 - 2:47So to see what happens in your brain
when you pay overt attention, -
2:47 - 2:50I asked people to look directly
in one of the squares -
2:51 - 2:52and pay attention to it.
-
2:53 - 2:58In this case, not surprisingly,
we saw that these flickering squares -
2:58 - 3:00appeared in their brain signals
-
3:00 - 3:02which was coming
from the back of their head, -
3:04 - 3:07which is responsible for the processing
of your visual information. -
3:08 - 3:11But I was really interested
-
3:11 - 3:14to see what happens in your brain
when you pay covert attention. -
3:14 - 3:18So this time I asked people
to look in the middle of the screen -
3:18 - 3:20and without moving their eyes,
-
3:21 - 3:24to pay attention
to either of these squares. -
3:25 - 3:27When we did that,
-
3:27 - 3:31we saw that both of these flickering rates
appeared in their brain signals, -
3:31 - 3:32but interestingly,
-
3:33 - 3:36only one of them,
which was paid attention to, -
3:36 - 3:38had stronger signals,
-
3:38 - 3:40so there was something in the brain
-
3:40 - 3:43which was handling this information
-
3:43 - 3:49so that thing in the brain was basically
the activation of the frontal area. -
3:50 - 3:53The front part of your brain
is responsible -
3:53 - 3:56for higher cognitive functions as a human.
-
3:57 - 4:02The frontal part,
it seems that it works as a filter -
4:03 - 4:07trying to let information come in
only from the right flicker -
4:07 - 4:09that you are paying attention to
-
4:09 - 4:13and trying to inhibit the information
coming from the ignored one. -
4:15 - 4:21The filtering ability of the brain
is indeed a key for attention, -
4:21 - 4:23which is missing in some people,
-
4:24 - 4:26for example in people with ADHD.
-
4:27 - 4:32So a person with ADHD
cannot inhibit these distractors, -
4:32 - 4:36and that's why they can't focus
for a long time on a single task. -
4:38 - 4:39But what if this person
-
4:39 - 4:43could play a specific computer game
-
4:43 - 4:46with his brain connected to the computer,
-
4:46 - 4:49and then train his own brain
-
4:49 - 4:52to inhibit these distractors?
-
4:54 - 4:56Well, ADHD is just one example.
-
4:57 - 5:00We can use these cognitive
brain-machine interfaces -
5:00 - 5:03for many other cognitive fields.
-
5:04 - 5:06It was just a few years ago
-
5:06 - 5:11that my grandfather had a stroke,
and he lost complete ability to speak. -
5:13 - 5:16He could understand everybody,
but there was no way to respond, -
5:16 - 5:18even not writing
because he was illiterate. -
5:20 - 5:23So he passed away in silence.
-
5:25 - 5:27I remember thinking at that time:
-
5:27 - 5:31What if we could have a computer
-
5:31 - 5:32which could speak for him?
-
5:34 - 5:36Now, after years that I am in this field,
-
5:36 - 5:38I can see that this might be possible.
-
5:40 - 5:43Imagine if we can find brainwave patterns
-
5:43 - 5:47when people think
about images or even letters, -
5:48 - 5:51like the letter A generates
a different brainwave pattern -
5:51 - 5:52than the letter B, and so on.
-
5:53 - 5:57Could a computer one day
communicate for people who can't speak? -
5:58 - 5:59What if a computer
-
6:00 - 6:05can help us understand
the thoughts of a person in a coma? -
6:06 - 6:07We are not there yet,
-
6:07 - 6:10but pay close attention.
-
6:10 - 6:12We will be there soon.
-
6:12 - 6:13Thank you.
-
6:13 - 6:19(Applause)
- Title:
- What happens in your brain when you pay attention?
- Speaker:
- Mehdi Ordikhani-Seyedlar
- Description:
-
Attention isn't just about what we focus on -- it's also about what our brains filter out. By investigating patterns in the brain as people try to focus, computational neuroscientist Mehdi Ordikhani-Seyedlar hopes to bring the brain and the computer closer together, building models that can be used to treat ADHD and help those who have lost the ability to communicate. Hear more about this exciting science in this brief, fascinating talk.
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDTalks
- Duration:
- 06:32
Brian Greene edited English subtitles for What happens in your brain when you pay attention? | ||
Brian Greene edited English subtitles for What happens in your brain when you pay attention? | ||
Brian Greene approved English subtitles for What happens in your brain when you pay attention? | ||
Brian Greene edited English subtitles for What happens in your brain when you pay attention? | ||
Joanna Pietrulewicz accepted English subtitles for What happens in your brain when you pay attention? | ||
Joanna Pietrulewicz edited English subtitles for What happens in your brain when you pay attention? | ||
Joanna Pietrulewicz edited English subtitles for What happens in your brain when you pay attention? | ||
Joseph Geni edited English subtitles for What happens in your brain when you pay attention? |