[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.00,0:00:02.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,David Biello: It's now\Nmy great honor and privilege
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.88,0:00:05.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to introduce Dr. Georges Benjamin,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.42,0:00:09.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who's the executive director\Nof the American Public Health Association,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.00,0:00:13.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who has a long and distinguished career,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.25,0:00:17.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,both as a medical professional\Nand as a public health professional.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.25,0:00:20.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Please give a warm welcome\Nto Dr. Georges Benjamin.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.29,0:00:25.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Georges Benjamin: Hey, David, how are you?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.33,0:00:27.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DB: I am good, how are you, Dr. Benjamin?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.83,0:00:30.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,GB: I'm here. (Laughs)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.54,0:00:32.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DB: Hanging in there. Good.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.08,0:00:33.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,GB: Hanging in.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.79,0:00:39.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DB: We know that the theme of the moment\Nis reopening, I would say.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.54,0:00:43.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We just heard one possibility for that,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.04,0:00:44.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but obviously,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.67,0:00:47.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a lot of countries have already\Nreopened in one form or another,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.96,0:00:50.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I believe, as of today,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.29,0:00:55.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all 50 states here in the US\Nhave reopened in one form or another.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.96,0:01:01.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do we do that smartly,\Nhow do we do that safely?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.25,0:01:06.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,GB: Yeah, we really do need\Nto reopen safely and carefully,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.42,0:01:13.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it means that we have not\Ngot to forget these public health measures
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.08,0:01:15.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that really brought down\Nthe curve to begin with.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.67,0:01:18.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that means thing such as
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.00,0:01:21.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,covering up your nose and mouth\Nwhen you cough or sneeze,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.71,0:01:24.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wearing a mask, washing your hands,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.33,0:01:27.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,physically distancing yourself\Nto the extent possible from others.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.58,0:01:30.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thinking about everything we do,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.92,0:01:33.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you know, before we go to work\Nin the morning,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.75,0:01:35.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while we're at work.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.67,0:01:39.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And being as careful\Nas many of us have been
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.92,0:01:41.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the last two months,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.50,0:01:43.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as we go into the next three months,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.67,0:01:45.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because this thing is not over.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.92,0:01:47.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DB: Right.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.21,0:01:52.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is the chance of more waves,\Nas Uri [Alon] mentioned.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.33,0:01:56.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It seems like it's kind of\Nincumbent on all of us then
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.92,0:02:00.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to take public health\Nas kind of a second job.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.42,0:02:02.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is that right?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.38,0:02:05.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,GB: You know, I've been arguing a lot
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.71,0:02:09.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that now that everybody really knows\Nwhat public health is,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.67,0:02:13.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that everybody should always recognize\Nthat their second job is public health,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.88,0:02:17.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether you're picking up the garbage\Nor working in a grocery store,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.62,0:02:20.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or you are a bus driver,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.25,0:02:23.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or you're, you know,\Nlike me, doing public health,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.25,0:02:24.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a physician or a nurse,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.67,0:02:28.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everybody needs to put\Nthe public health mantle
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.50,0:02:30.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into what they do each and every day.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.71,0:02:34.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DB: What do you think --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.25,0:02:36.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we're all public health\Nprofessionals now,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.46,0:02:40.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what do you think\Nthe new normal we might expect,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.88,0:02:44.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as countries reopen?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.29,0:02:46.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is that going to look like,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.54,0:02:50.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or what do you hope that looks like,\Nas a public health professional?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.46,0:02:53.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,GB: If I could wave a magic wand,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.50,0:02:56.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would clearly recognize
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.71,0:03:00.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that people are going to be doing\Na lot more of the public health things,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.21,0:03:02.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in terms of handwashing
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.12,0:03:06.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and thinking about what they do\Naround safety when they go out in public.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.71,0:03:09.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, it was not too long ago
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.21,0:03:12.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when you got in your car\Nand you didn't put your seat belt on.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.14,0:03:13.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today we do it,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.42,0:03:15.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we don't think anything about it.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.88,0:03:18.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most of us don't smoke,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.33,0:03:20.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we know that that's bad for us.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.71,0:03:24.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most of us look both ways\Nbefore we cross a street.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.88,0:03:27.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most of us, you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.71,0:03:31.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,do things in our house,\Nthat are -- fix trip hazards.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.04,0:03:33.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So as we go forward with this outbreak,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.88,0:03:36.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm hoping that people will pay\Na lot more attention
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.33,0:03:39.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to things that can cause us\Nto get an infection.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.83,0:03:43.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you know, cleaning things,\Ndisinfecting things.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.25,0:03:48.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,More importantly,\Nnot coming to work if you're sick.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.75,0:03:53.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm hoping that employers\Nwill put in paid sick leave for everybody,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.29,0:03:55.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so people can stay home.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.08,0:03:57.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yeah, it’s an additional cost,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.12,0:03:59.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I can tell you that we've now learned
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.50,0:04:03.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the cost of not doing\Nsomething like that
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.38,0:04:06.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is billions and billions\Nand billions of dollars.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.33,0:04:09.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Paid sick leave is pretty cheap\Nwhen you do that.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.54,0:04:12.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DB: Yeah, we are, I think,\Nenvious in the United States
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.71,0:04:16.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of all the countries that perhaps have
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.21,0:04:19.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a more all-encompassing\Nhealth care system than we do.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.04,0:04:23.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Would you agree that masks\Nare kind of the symbol
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.42,0:04:29.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of adopting that "public health\Nprofessional as a second job" mindset?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.25,0:04:31.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,GB: Well, you know, it's funny.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.75,0:04:36.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our colleagues in Asia have had a mask --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.67,0:04:40.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wearing masks as a culture\Nfor many, many years.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.25,0:04:44.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you know, we've always\Nkind of chuckled at that.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.38,0:04:46.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I went overseas,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.12,0:04:49.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would always kind of chuckle\Nwhen I saw people wearing masks.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.58,0:04:51.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And of course, when this first started,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.50,0:04:54.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you know, we only promoted masks\Nfor people that were infected
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.00,0:04:56.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or of course, health care workers,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.71,0:04:59.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who we thought were\Nin a higher-risk environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.38,0:05:01.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I think that wearing masks
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.71,0:05:04.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is probably going to be\Npart of our culture.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.17,0:05:08.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've already seen it probably will not be\Npart of our beach culture,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.46,0:05:10.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,although it probably should be for now.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.50,0:05:14.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I do think that we're going to see\Nmore and more people wearing masks
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.50,0:05:16.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a variety of settings.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.50,0:05:18.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I think that makes sense.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.92,0:05:22.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DB: Yeah, wear your mask\Nto show that you care about others.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.54,0:05:25.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that you have this,\Nkind of, public health spirit.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.83,0:05:27.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So speaking of Asia,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.62,0:05:30.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who has done well?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.67,0:05:33.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Looking around the world,\Nyou've been doing this for a while
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.58,0:05:35.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and communicated with your peers,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.54,0:05:36.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who has done well
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.83,0:05:40.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what can we learn\Nfrom those good examples?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.75,0:05:43.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,GB: Yeah, South Korea\Nin many ways is the role model.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.50,0:05:47.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, China actually,\Nat the end of the day,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.58,0:05:49.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,did reasonably well.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.50,0:05:51.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the secret to all of those countries
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.50,0:05:54.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that have had less morbidity\Nand mortality than we have,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.62,0:05:58.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is they did lots of testing very early on,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.71,0:06:02.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they did contact tracing\Nand isolation and quarantine,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.71,0:06:06.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which by the way, is the bedrock\Nof public health practice.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.62,0:06:09.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They did it early, they did a lot of it,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.38,0:06:13.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and by the way, even though\Nthey're reopening their society,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.21,0:06:16.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they're beginning to see\Nepisodic surges,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.67,0:06:19.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they then go back to those basic\Npublic health practices
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.33,0:06:24.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of testing, isolation, contact tracing
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.62,0:06:28.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and transparency\Nto the public when they can,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.75,0:06:33.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it's important for the public\Nto understand how many cases there are,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.46,0:06:35.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the disease is,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.29,0:06:37.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you're going to get\Ncompliance from the public.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.04,0:06:42.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DB: So testing,\Ncontact tracing and isolation.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.46,0:06:47.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That doesn't seem like rocket science,\Nto use that old cliché.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.75,0:06:51.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why has that been hard\Nfor some countries to implement?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.96,0:06:53.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's holding us back,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.67,0:06:55.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is it electronic medical records,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.46,0:06:57.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is it some fancy doodad,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.46,0:07:01.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or is it just maybe overconfidence,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.33,0:07:05.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,based on maybe the public health\Nsuccesses of the last 100 years?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.67,0:07:09.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,GB: You know, we are\Nvery much a pill society.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.12,0:07:11.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We think there's a pill for everything.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.79,0:07:14.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we can't give you a pill for it,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.29,0:07:16.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then we can give you surgery and fix it.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.50,0:07:19.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, prevention works.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.12,0:07:22.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we have totally\Nunderinvested in prevention.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.75,0:07:26.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've totally underinvested\Nin a strong, robust
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.62,0:07:27.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,public health system.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.00,0:07:32.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you look at the fact\Nthat in the America today,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.04,0:07:36.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can very easily know
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.67,0:07:39.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what's coming off the shelf\Nof a grocery store,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.42,0:07:43.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Amazon knows everything\Nthere is to know about you,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.04,0:07:47.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but your doctor does not have\Nthe same tools.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.17,0:07:48.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At three o'clock in the morning,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.72,0:07:52.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's still very difficult\Nto get a hold of your electrocardiogram,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.08,0:07:55.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or your medical record,\Nor your list of allergies
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.25,0:07:57.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you can't tell\Nthe practitioner what you have.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.71,0:08:00.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we just haven't invested\Nin robust systems.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.67,0:08:03.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of the interesting things\Nabout this outbreak
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.50,0:08:05.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that it has created an environment
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.33,0:08:08.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which we're now dependent\Non telemedicine,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.67,0:08:10.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which has been around for several years,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.60,0:08:12.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we weren't quite into it.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.67,0:08:15.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But now, it's probably\Ngoing to be the new standard.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.08,0:08:17.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DB: But it also seems --
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.38,0:08:18.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, obviously,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.67,0:08:22.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those countries with an incredibly\Nrobust health care system,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.92,0:08:24.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like Taiwan, have done well,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.83,0:08:28.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it seems like even countries\Nthat perhaps would be considered
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.58,0:08:33.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to have a less robust health care system,\Nlike a Ghana in Africa,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.75,0:08:35.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have actually done well.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.08,0:08:38.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What has been the, I guess,\Nthe secret sauce
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.71,0:08:40.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for those kinds of countries?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.75,0:08:44.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,GB: Yeah, it's still pretty early\Nin some of their exposures,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.25,0:08:48.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and hopefully, they might not\Nhave a wave that comes later,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.96,0:08:50.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's still a possibility,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.96,0:08:52.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but at the end of the day,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.29,0:08:57.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think, to the extent you have done\Ngood, sound public health practices,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.25,0:08:59.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all of the countries that have done well
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.67,0:09:00.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have implemented that.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.96,0:09:04.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now we're a big country,\Nwe're a complex country.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.04,0:09:07.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And yes, we didn't get\Nthe testing right to begin with.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.83,0:09:12.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we should not repeat the mistakes\Nthat we had over the last three months,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.54,0:09:15.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we've still got\Nseveral months to go.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.21,0:09:17.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now that we know what we did wrong,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.12,0:09:20.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm encouraging us\Nto do it right the next time.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.17,0:09:21.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DB: That seems smart.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.62,0:09:23.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,GB: And the next time is tomorrow.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.75,0:09:25.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DB: That's right.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.29,0:09:26.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's already started.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.75,0:09:28.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, it almost seems to me,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.25,0:09:29.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if I can use this metaphor,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.58,0:09:30.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that some of these countries
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.00,0:09:33.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,already had the, kind of,\Nantibodies in their system,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.83,0:09:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they had experience\Nwith maybe Ebola or the first SARS.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.29,0:09:41.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is that the key, previous exposure
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.83,0:09:44.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to these kind of public health crises?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.92,0:09:47.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,GB: Well, this is a very different virus.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.25,0:09:50.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And while there may be some early evidence
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.04,0:09:53.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that MERS and SARS one,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.54,0:09:57.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we may have some\Nearly protection from that,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.21,0:10:00.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's some early,\Nearly studies looking at that,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.04,0:10:01.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's not the solution.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.33,0:10:06.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The secret sauce here\Nis good, solid public health practice.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.29,0:10:08.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the secret sauce here.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.12,0:10:12.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We should not be looking\Nfor anything, any mysticism,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.17,0:10:15.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or anyone to come save us\Nwith a special pill.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.46,0:10:18.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is all about good, solid\Npublic health practice,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.42,0:10:20.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because, by the way, look,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.12,0:10:22.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this one was a bad one,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.54,0:10:24.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's not the last one.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.83,0:10:27.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so we need to prepare\Nfor the next really big one.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.42,0:10:28.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We think this one was bad,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.00,0:10:32.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,imagine what would have happened\Nhad Ebola been aerosolized,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.50,0:10:35.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or MERS had been aerosolized.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.62,0:10:37.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, pick a TV movie.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.88,0:10:40.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even though this was a bad one,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.67,0:10:44.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we still dodged a really,\Nreally bad one this time.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.38,0:10:48.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DB: Yeah, Middle East\NRespiratory Syndrome is no joke,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.96,0:10:52.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we should be thankful\Nthat it doesn't spread more easily,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.04,0:10:53.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like SARS-CoV.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.38,0:10:54.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is this, though --
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.67,0:10:56.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So all these diseases are zoonotic,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.42,0:11:00.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that means they jumped to us\Nfrom the animals that are out there.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.58,0:11:03.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Obviously, humanity is\Nkind of encroaching on nature
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.67,0:11:06.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in an ever more, kind of, urgent way,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:06.62,0:11:11.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether that's climate change\Nor going into the forests, what have you.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.21,0:11:13.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is this just the new normal,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.00,0:11:17.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like, we should expect\Npandemics every so often?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.54,0:11:20.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,GB: Well, they do come periodically,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.00,0:11:23.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so this is not, you know,\Nthe first pandemic, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:23.54,0:11:26.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've had several,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.29,0:11:30.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,100 years ago, the 1918 influenza,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.79,0:11:34.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,SARS was a significant infection,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.00,0:11:37.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even though it didn't get\Nthis bad, SARS one.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:37.62,0:11:39.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we had the avian flu,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.00,0:11:42.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was a challenge,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.25,0:11:43.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the swine flu.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.92,0:11:45.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We had Zika.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.21,0:11:48.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So no, we've had several\Nnew disease outbreaks.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.71,0:11:52.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These emerging diseases happen a lot,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.67,0:11:55.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in many ways,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:55.17,0:11:56.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we've been fortunate
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.46,0:11:59.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we have been able\Nto identify them early
Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.71,0:12:01.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and contain them.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:01.88,0:12:03.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we're now in an environment
Dialogue: 0,0:12:03.67,0:12:06.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where people can, by the way,\Nmake some of these things up.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.50,0:12:11.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, this one did not happen,\Nas best we can tell, it's not man-made.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:11.21,0:12:13.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It did not probably come\Nout of a leak in the lab.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.67,0:12:18.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we know that, when I was in school,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:19.00,0:12:22.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to grow a bug, you had to be\Npretty sophisticated.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.21,0:12:23.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's not the case today.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.88,0:12:28.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we need to protect ourselves\Nfrom both naturally occurring infections
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.38,0:12:31.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and from those that are created by humans.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:32.62,0:12:35.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DB: Plus we have other,\Nkind of, threat multipliers,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:35.79,0:12:37.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like climate change,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:37.33,0:12:40.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that make pandemics like this\Nthat much worse.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:42.04,0:12:45.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,GB: You know, I was saying climate change\Nwas the greatest threat human survival
Dialogue: 0,0:12:45.83,0:12:47.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before this one.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:47.12,0:12:48.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this is rivaling climate change.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.88,0:12:50.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But let me tell you,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.21,0:12:52.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the big challenge we have now
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.25,0:12:55.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that we have a pandemic,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.71,0:12:57.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which we have still not contained,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.67,0:13:00.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as we enter hurricane season,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.83,0:13:02.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we have climate change,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:02.29,0:13:07.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is exacerbating the ferocity\Nof the hurricanes that we're having.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.67,0:13:11.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, you know, we're in\Nfor an interesting summer.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:14.67,0:13:18.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DB: And here's Chris with, I think,\Na question from our audience.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:18.62,0:13:21.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Chris Anderson: Many questions, actually.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:21.25,0:13:24.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People are very interested\Nin what you're saying, Georges.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:25.00,0:13:27.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here we go, here's the first one\Nfrom Jim Young:
Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.29,0:13:31.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"How do we deal with people\Nwho don't believe this is serious?"
Dialogue: 0,0:13:33.25,0:13:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,GB: You know, you just have to continue\Nto communicate the truth to folks.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:40.92,0:13:43.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of the things\Nabout this particular disease
Dialogue: 0,0:13:43.42,0:13:45.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that it does not spare anyone.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:45.25,0:13:48.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It does not recognize political parties,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:48.17,0:13:50.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it does not recognize geography,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:50.96,0:13:53.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we had lots of people,\Nparticularly in rural communities,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.88,0:13:56.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that were not seeing it,\Nbecause it had not yet come to them,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:57.00,0:13:58.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they didn't believe it was real.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:58.88,0:14:03.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now many of those communities\Nare being ravaged by this disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:03.67,0:14:05.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so we just have to --
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.92,0:14:09.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, it's not appropriate\Nto say "I told you so."
Dialogue: 0,0:14:09.67,0:14:12.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is appropriate to say,\N"Look, now that you see it,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:12.50,0:14:17.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,come on board and help us\Nresolve these problems."
Dialogue: 0,0:14:17.46,0:14:20.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this is something\Nthat's going to be around for a while.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:20.38,0:14:22.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if it becomes endemic,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:22.12,0:14:28.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,meaning that it occurs all the time\Nat some low level,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.17,0:14:30.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everyone is going to have this experience.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:31.58,0:14:32.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:32.88,0:14:35.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here is one from Robert Perkowitz.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.00,0:14:41.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We seem to have been ignoring\Nand underfunding public health,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:41.33,0:14:44.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we were unprepared for this virus."
Dialogue: 0,0:14:44.96,0:14:47.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Look if the question\Nis going to pop up there,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:47.17,0:14:49.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think it should, by some magic.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:49.17,0:14:51.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"What should our priorities be now
Dialogue: 0,0:14:51.08,0:14:54.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to prepare for the next\Npublic health crisis?"
Dialogue: 0,0:14:55.58,0:14:59.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,GB: Well, we now need to make sure\Nthat we've put in the funding,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:59.58,0:15:02.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,resources, training,\Nstaffing on the table.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:03.83,0:15:06.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And by the way,\Nour next public health crisis
Dialogue: 0,0:15:06.38,0:15:10.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is not 10 years from now,\Nit's not 20 years from now,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:10.50,0:15:13.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's the potential co-occurrence
Dialogue: 0,0:15:14.00,0:15:17.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of influenza, which we know\Nis going to happen this fall,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:17.17,0:15:18.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it comes every year,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:18.92,0:15:23.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with either continued COVID\Nor a spike in COVID.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:23.75,0:15:26.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we're going to have a disease process
Dialogue: 0,0:15:26.79,0:15:29.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which presents very much the same,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:29.50,0:15:33.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we're going to have to differentiate\NCOVID from influenza.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:34.88,0:15:38.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because we have a vaccine for influenza,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:38.54,0:15:40.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we don't yet have a vaccine for COVID.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:40.79,0:15:43.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We hope to have one in about a year.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:43.46,0:15:45.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that still remains to be seen.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:46.58,0:15:48.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DB: So get your flu shots.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:48.58,0:15:50.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: Yeah.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:50.04,0:15:54.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Indeed, in fact, David Collins\Nasked exactly that question.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:54.42,0:15:59.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"What is the likelihood of a vaccine\Nbefore the next wave?"
Dialogue: 0,0:16:00.67,0:16:04.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,GB: Well you know, the fastest vaccine\Nthat we've ever developed was measles,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:04.71,0:16:06.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that took four years.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:06.71,0:16:10.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, a lot of things are different, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:16:10.96,0:16:13.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have started on a SARS-one vaccine.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:13.67,0:16:15.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it had gone to a lot of animal trials,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:15.83,0:16:18.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it had gone to some\Nvery, very early human trials.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:19.00,0:16:21.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As you know, we just got some announcement
Dialogue: 0,0:16:21.04,0:16:25.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that at least it does seem to work\Nin monkeys, in rhesus monkeys,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:25.79,0:16:30.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there's some evidence that at least\Nit may be efficacious and safe
Dialogue: 0,0:16:30.92,0:16:32.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a very, very small number of people.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:32.80,0:16:34.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I say very, very small\Nnumber of people,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:34.96,0:16:36.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,handful of people.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:36.25,0:16:39.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So now it's got to go to phase two\Nand phase three trials.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:39.79,0:16:43.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, yeah, [David] held up two hands,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:43.83,0:16:46.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so yeah, yeah, it's a small\Nnumber of people.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:46.54,0:16:50.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What that tells you is either\Nthat those folks were very lucky,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:50.08,0:16:51.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or it works.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:51.38,0:16:55.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we won't know until we put this\Ninto the arms of thousands of people.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:56.92,0:17:00.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: Here's an important question\Nfrom a TED Fellow.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:01.21,0:17:04.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"How do we actually train people\Nabout what public health means?
Dialogue: 0,0:17:04.25,0:17:05.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Especially in the context of folks
Dialogue: 0,0:17:05.92,0:17:08.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who don't believe they have\Na responsibility to 'the public?'"
Dialogue: 0,0:17:09.71,0:17:12.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,GB: Well, you know, I remind folks
Dialogue: 0,0:17:12.75,0:17:15.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that when public health does its best job,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:15.08,0:17:16.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nothing happens.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:16.71,0:17:19.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And of course, when nothing happens,\Nwe don't get credit for it.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:19.75,0:17:22.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the reason that everyone\Nin this country
Dialogue: 0,0:17:22.21,0:17:26.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,does not have to get up every morning\Nand boil their own water
Dialogue: 0,0:17:26.08,0:17:28.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is because of public health.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:28.29,0:17:32.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The reason that,\Nif you get into a car accident,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:32.08,0:17:34.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you know, get into\Nan automobile collision,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:34.12,0:17:37.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you wear your seat belt,\Nand you have airbags,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:37.54,0:17:41.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you're not killed\Nfrom that automobile collision,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:41.75,0:17:43.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is because of public health.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:43.46,0:17:45.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The reason that the air\Nis safe to breathe,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:45.50,0:17:47.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the food is safe to eat,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:47.88,0:17:49.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is because of public health.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:49.25,0:17:54.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The reason that your kids\Nare not in clothing that ignites
Dialogue: 0,0:17:54.21,0:17:57.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is because we have\Nfire-retardant clothing.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:57.21,0:17:59.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that is a requirement.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:59.42,0:18:02.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The reason that you don't trip\Nwalking down the stairs
Dialogue: 0,0:18:02.33,0:18:06.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is because we've actually looked\Nat how to build the stair
Dialogue: 0,0:18:06.83,0:18:09.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that people don't trip\Nwhen they go up or down it.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:09.54,0:18:11.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's actually\Na public health intervention.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:11.71,0:18:13.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the built environment,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:13.33,0:18:16.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,medicines, all those kinds of things,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:16.04,0:18:17.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,vaccines, those are all public health,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:17.92,0:18:21.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's why public health is there,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:21.83,0:18:25.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you may not believe\Nthat it's that important,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:25.71,0:18:27.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we couldn't live without it.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:29.71,0:18:34.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: Maybe one day we can all\Nenvision a health care system in America
Dialogue: 0,0:18:34.62,0:18:37.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that actually has some incentives
Dialogue: 0,0:18:37.08,0:18:38.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that point towards public health.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:38.71,0:18:40.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That would be very nice.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:40.83,0:18:44.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,David, I've got to just keep going\Nwith some of these questions, if it's OK,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:44.43,0:18:45.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they're pouring in.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:45.79,0:18:48.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's one here from Jacqueline Ashby.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:48.54,0:18:50.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Important question for every parent.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:50.83,0:18:54.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"What are your recommendations\Nabout sending children back to school?"
Dialogue: 0,0:18:54.17,0:18:57.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,GB: Yeah, I'm struggling with this one,\NI've got three grandkids.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:57.75,0:19:03.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the good news is that my grandkids\Nare more technically proficient than I am,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:03.04,0:19:06.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and right now are getting\Ntheir lessons remotely.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:07.54,0:19:09.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think it's going to be a challenge
Dialogue: 0,0:19:09.33,0:19:11.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as we think about sending\Nkids back to school.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:11.54,0:19:17.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're going to really need to know\Nhow infectious kids are
Dialogue: 0,0:19:17.58,0:19:20.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how well they do\Nwhen they get infected.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:20.92,0:19:23.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, right now, it seems,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:23.08,0:19:27.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,except for a very small number\Nof children who get a very rare disease,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:27.79,0:19:30.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they tolerate this disease very well.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:30.21,0:19:33.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the central question is,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:33.42,0:19:38.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how many of these germs\Nwill these kids bring back to you
Dialogue: 0,0:19:38.12,0:19:40.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to grandma and grandpa.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:40.67,0:19:42.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's going to be important.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:42.29,0:19:44.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you know, trying to tell\Nan eight-year-old
Dialogue: 0,0:19:44.83,0:19:47.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not to interact with their friends,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:47.29,0:19:48.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a real challenge.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:48.58,0:19:52.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By the way, trying to tell a 17-year-old\Nnot to interact with their friends
Dialogue: 0,0:19:52.42,0:19:54.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is going to be a real challenge.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:54.29,0:19:57.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, we've got to properly\Neducate these kids,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:57.33,0:20:00.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we've got to figure out\Nhow we stagger their schedules.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:00.46,0:20:03.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Uri's idea for the workforce
Dialogue: 0,0:20:03.42,0:20:06.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,might be an interesting\Nconcept for schools,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:06.96,0:20:10.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the idea is to try to decompress\Nthe number of kids in the classroom.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:10.88,0:20:14.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By the way, if you get smaller class size,\Nyou get better education, anyway.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:15.46,0:20:17.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, we've got to have\Nenough teachers, though.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:17.79,0:20:19.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that may be the rate limiting step.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:20.67,0:20:24.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: Alright, last question here for now\Nfrom [Steven] Petranek.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:24.21,0:20:26.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Masks. Advice on masks --
Dialogue: 0,0:20:26.92,0:20:28.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I switched that off, here we go.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:28.50,0:20:30.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Advice on masks seems to have shifted.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:31.00,0:20:33.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Would most Americans\Nwho live and work in cities
Dialogue: 0,0:20:33.54,0:20:35.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,be better off wearing masks
Dialogue: 0,0:20:35.33,0:20:37.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to also help reduce\Nthe air pollution particles
Dialogue: 0,0:20:37.92,0:20:40.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they encounter every day?"
Dialogue: 0,0:20:40.29,0:20:42.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,GB: It may help some, absolutely.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:43.29,0:20:46.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But let me tell you\Nwhat I would prefer we stopped doing:
Dialogue: 0,0:20:46.04,0:20:47.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,burning fossil fuels.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:47.92,0:20:50.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And doing all those terrible things
Dialogue: 0,0:20:50.25,0:20:53.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we are doing to destroy our climate.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:54.12,0:20:56.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, everyone's talking\Nabout the fact
Dialogue: 0,0:20:56.17,0:20:59.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we've had this amazing reduction
Dialogue: 0,0:20:59.25,0:21:03.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in CO2 because we're not driving cars.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:04.54,0:21:05.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've got to tell you,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:05.83,0:21:10.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is the best evidence\Nthat climate change is man-made.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:10.04,0:21:12.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All those climate change skeptics
Dialogue: 0,0:21:12.50,0:21:14.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who don't think\Nclimate change is man-made,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:14.96,0:21:18.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have just had a worldwide demonstration
Dialogue: 0,0:21:18.92,0:21:22.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on what people do\Nto create climate change.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:22.25,0:21:25.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so what we need to do is stop
Dialogue: 0,0:21:25.17,0:21:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and move to a green economy.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:28.50,0:21:29.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DB: Here, here.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:29.79,0:21:31.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: Thank you so much for those,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:31.75,0:21:34.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll dip back in at the end\Nwith maybe a couple more.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:34.30,0:21:35.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you for this.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:35.92,0:21:38.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DB: So we're waving the flag for masks.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:38.79,0:21:42.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But also, one of the things
Dialogue: 0,0:21:42.50,0:21:44.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that has become clear from this
Dialogue: 0,0:21:44.08,0:21:50.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that COVID-19 is not the great leveler\Nthat maybe some had hoped it was.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:50.04,0:21:54.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some communities\Nare experiencing much worse,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:54.12,0:21:56.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,significantly worse outcomes than others.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:56.67,0:21:57.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why is that?
Dialogue: 0,0:21:59.67,0:22:02.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,GB: We're talking principally\Nabout the African American
Dialogue: 0,0:22:02.38,0:22:03.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Latino communities
Dialogue: 0,0:22:03.88,0:22:09.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that seem to be disproportionately\Nimpacted if they get the disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:09.58,0:22:12.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's because of exposure, primarily.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:12.83,0:22:15.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those populations\Nhave more public-facing jobs.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:15.71,0:22:18.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, you know, bus drivers,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:18.83,0:22:20.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,grocery clerks,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:20.12,0:22:23.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,working in long-term care facilities,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:23.38,0:22:24.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nursing homes,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:24.67,0:22:27.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in meatpacking facilities, chicken farms.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:27.38,0:22:31.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's why they're much more --\Ngoing to be exposed to the disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:31.21,0:22:32.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Susceptibility.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:33.58,0:22:34.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lots of chronic disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:34.88,0:22:37.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we know that particularly\NAfrican Americans
Dialogue: 0,0:22:37.29,0:22:42.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have disproportionate amounts\Nof diabetes, heart disease,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:43.00,0:22:44.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lung disease,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:44.29,0:22:47.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and because of those chronic diseases,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:47.62,0:22:51.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we found early on that that virus
Dialogue: 0,0:22:51.75,0:22:55.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is more detrimental to those populations\Nthat have those diseases.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:55.54,0:22:57.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so that's the big issue here.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:58.00,0:23:01.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is what's causing\Nthose differentiations
Dialogue: 0,0:23:01.17,0:23:03.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's really a challenge,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:03.50,0:23:06.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because in many ways,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:06.08,0:23:07.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those are many of the people
Dialogue: 0,0:23:07.88,0:23:10.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we have decided\Nare essential employees
Dialogue: 0,0:23:10.92,0:23:12.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and have to go to work.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:13.00,0:23:14.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DB: That's right.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:14.29,0:23:16.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what is, in your view,\Nthe public health intervention
Dialogue: 0,0:23:17.00,0:23:20.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to protect these essential workers,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:20.79,0:23:23.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you have ideas on that front?
Dialogue: 0,0:23:23.62,0:23:24.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,GB: I absolutely do.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:24.92,0:23:30.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We started this by a testing strategy\Nbased on symptoms.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:30.17,0:23:33.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now that we have enough tests,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:33.12,0:23:36.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we need to make sure that not only people\Nget those tests for clinical reasons,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:36.96,0:23:38.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and people who have symptoms,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:38.58,0:23:42.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also begin to prioritize people\Nwho are public-facing,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:42.58,0:23:43.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who are essential workers.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:43.88,0:23:47.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, certainly people working\Nin nursing homes, hospitals, etc.,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:47.79,0:23:50.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but bus drivers, security guards,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:50.83,0:23:52.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,grocery store clerks.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:52.50,0:23:53.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They need to be tested,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:53.79,0:23:56.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they need to have testing\Nwith the periodicity
Dialogue: 0,0:23:56.33,0:23:58.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that will secure them, their families,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:58.50,0:24:00.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and give everyone the trust
Dialogue: 0,0:24:00.71,0:24:02.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they're not going to be infected
Dialogue: 0,0:24:02.50,0:24:04.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we're not going to infect them.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:04.71,0:24:06.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People who work in meatpacking plants,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:06.75,0:24:08.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as an example.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:08.04,0:24:09.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we've seen the real tragedy
Dialogue: 0,0:24:09.58,0:24:11.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of what's going on\Nin the meatpacking plants,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:11.75,0:24:15.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they are working in an environment\Nwhere they're shoulder to shoulder.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:15.46,0:24:17.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are some other things\Nthey need to do
Dialogue: 0,0:24:17.54,0:24:21.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in terms of figuring out how to give them\Nphysical distancing on the assembly line,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:21.47,0:24:22.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's going to be important.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:22.92,0:24:24.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But again, Uri's idea is not a bad idea
Dialogue: 0,0:24:25.00,0:24:26.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for this nation to consider,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:26.58,0:24:28.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for many of those industries\Nto think about.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:29.75,0:24:33.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DB: Yeah, we have to make sure\Nthat these truly are folks
Dialogue: 0,0:24:33.38,0:24:38.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who are treated as essential workers,\Nnot sacrificial workers, it seems to me.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:38.42,0:24:41.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And obviously, this is not\Njust confined to the US.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:42.79,0:24:44.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,GB: Oh, absolutely.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:44.08,0:24:47.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're seeing these disparities\Nnot just in the United States,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:47.17,0:24:49.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but in other countries as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:49.46,0:24:53.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they have a lot to do\Nwith race and class
Dialogue: 0,0:24:53.12,0:24:55.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the types of jobs that you do,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:55.21,0:24:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the occupations that you do.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:58.00,0:24:59.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And quite frankly,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:00.00,0:25:04.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we should have thought about this\Nwhen we saw the first data
Dialogue: 0,0:25:04.79,0:25:07.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that showed that in China
Dialogue: 0,0:25:07.17,0:25:10.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people with chronic diseases\Nwere much more at risk
Dialogue: 0,0:25:10.88,0:25:12.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and had worse health outcomes.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:12.62,0:25:15.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We would have sped up\Nour actions right away,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:15.29,0:25:18.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because, look, that's happened\Nwith every new disease
Dialogue: 0,0:25:18.25,0:25:19.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's come into the country.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:21.29,0:25:27.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DB: So it seems like a lot of this\Ngoes back to that potential --
Dialogue: 0,0:25:27.12,0:25:28.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's not an oxymoron,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:28.42,0:25:30.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,public health is everybody's job,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:30.67,0:25:32.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we need to adopt that.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:32.54,0:25:35.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What does, in your view,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:35.33,0:25:38.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a robust public health\Ninfrastructure look like?
Dialogue: 0,0:25:38.12,0:25:39.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What would that look like?
Dialogue: 0,0:25:41.38,0:25:42.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,GB: Well, you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:42.67,0:25:44.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,anytime a new health threat\Nenters our community,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:45.00,0:25:47.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we ought to be able\Nto rapidly identify it,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:47.46,0:25:48.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,contain it,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:48.96,0:25:53.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if we can mitigate it, for sure,\Nand eliminate it if possible,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:53.67,0:25:55.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then put in\Nall the protective measures
Dialogue: 0,0:25:55.71,0:25:56.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we had before.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:57.00,0:26:00.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that means having a well-staffed,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:00.92,0:26:04.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,well-trained governmental\Npublic health entity,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:04.75,0:26:08.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just like we have for police, fire, EMS.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:08.50,0:26:11.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It means that they've got to be well-paid,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:12.00,0:26:15.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it means that they've got\Nto be well-resourced.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:15.08,0:26:17.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, we still have\Nsome of our contact tracers
Dialogue: 0,0:26:17.79,0:26:20.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,out there using pen and pads.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:21.79,0:26:24.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And sending things to Excel Spreadsheets.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:24.83,0:26:27.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No, we need the same kind\Nof robust technology
Dialogue: 0,0:26:27.79,0:26:30.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the folks at, you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:30.79,0:26:35.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,any of the online retailers are using,\Nwhether it's Amazon, etc.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:35.88,0:26:39.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're still looking at data\Nthat's two years in the rear
Dialogue: 0,0:26:39.79,0:26:42.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make data-driven decisions.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:42.04,0:26:44.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to be able\Nto make immediate decisions.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:44.46,0:26:45.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By the way, Taiwan,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:45.88,0:26:47.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you mentioned them earlier,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:47.71,0:26:49.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I remember being in Taiwan
Dialogue: 0,0:26:49.46,0:26:53.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,watching data come\Nfrom infectious diseases, real time,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:53.54,0:26:56.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from their electronic\Nmedical record system.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:56.04,0:27:00.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, you know, we can do this,\Nthe technology exists.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:00.12,0:27:01.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DB: Imagine that.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:01.83,0:27:04.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Wow, real time health information,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:04.08,0:27:06.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what a difference that would make.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:07.92,0:27:11.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do you think that technology\Ncan help us here,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:11.33,0:27:14.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether that's the Google-Apple\Ncollaboration or whatever else?
Dialogue: 0,0:27:16.00,0:27:17.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,GB: Technology can help us,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:17.67,0:27:20.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's not going to replace us.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:20.21,0:27:22.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're nowhere near where we can sit back
Dialogue: 0,0:27:22.92,0:27:27.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and have our electronic avatar\Ndo our work for us.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:28.42,0:27:30.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the technology can outstrip our work.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:30.46,0:27:33.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It can give us situational awareness.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:33.21,0:27:35.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It can give us real time information.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:35.79,0:27:39.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It allows us to send information\Nfrom point A to point B
Dialogue: 0,0:27:39.29,0:27:41.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for data analysis.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:41.46,0:27:43.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It allows us to do second thinking,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:43.62,0:27:45.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we're doing all this modeling,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:45.54,0:27:50.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it allows others to check\Nour numbers right away.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:50.04,0:27:52.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it could speed up research.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:53.00,0:27:56.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we have to invest in it,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:56.46,0:27:58.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we have to continue it,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:58.08,0:28:02.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because obsolescence is always\Nthe evil part of technology.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:04.25,0:28:07.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DB: And it looks like\NChris is back with more questions.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:07.54,0:28:09.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: Yeah, I guess we're getting\Nclose to the end,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:09.88,0:28:11.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the questions keep coming in.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:11.92,0:28:15.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's one here from Neelay Bhatt.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:15.46,0:28:20.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"What role do you see parks,\Ntrails and open space play
Dialogue: 0,0:28:20.12,0:28:22.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in assisting larger public health goals?"
Dialogue: 0,0:28:24.04,0:28:29.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,GB: You know, green space\Nis absolutely essential,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:29.17,0:28:32.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the ability to get out\Nand walk and exercise,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:32.62,0:28:36.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,having sidewalks, so that you can have\Ncommunities that are walkable,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:36.46,0:28:40.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bikeable and green\Nfor utilization of all ages,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:40.04,0:28:43.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's good for our mental health,\Nit's good for our physical health.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:44.12,0:28:46.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I always tell folks, you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:46.29,0:28:49.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's a great place to go\Nwhen someone's gotten on your last nerve.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:51.75,0:28:53.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: Indeed.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:53.38,0:28:55.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here we have one anonymous question.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:55.92,0:28:58.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where possible don't go anonymous,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:58.54,0:29:01.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we're all friends here\Nwhen all said and done.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:01.54,0:29:03.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Probably someone ... Anyway.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:04.75,0:29:06.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's see, but it's a good question.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:06.58,0:29:10.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"There are many who are highly suspicious\Nof what the real experts are saying.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:10.58,0:29:13.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What have you found to be effective\Nin helping the highly suspicious
Dialogue: 0,0:29:13.80,0:29:16.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,be less suspicious and more trusting?"
Dialogue: 0,0:29:16.50,0:29:17.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,GB: Tell the truth.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:19.46,0:29:23.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you make a mistake, acknowledge it\Nand correct it right away.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:24.67,0:29:25.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Be consistent.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:27.79,0:29:32.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And don't say stupid stuff.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:33.79,0:29:36.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And far too often that happens.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:36.96,0:29:39.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you know, one\Nof the interesting things,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:39.04,0:29:42.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we've already been through this\Nwith the mask discussion.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:42.25,0:29:46.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, traditional wisdom was\Nthat we only had people wear the mask
Dialogue: 0,0:29:46.50,0:29:48.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if they were infectious,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:48.21,0:29:50.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or you're in a health care environment
Dialogue: 0,0:29:50.12,0:29:52.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where there was a high risk\Nof getting the disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:52.96,0:29:54.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then we said,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:54.54,0:29:57.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no, it's OK for everybody to wear a mask.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:57.54,0:30:00.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's because we learned eventually,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:00.29,0:30:03.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and became much more believable,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:03.42,0:30:07.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the science that we had\Nasymptomatic spreading.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:07.71,0:30:10.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we did not communicate it very well.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:10.38,0:30:12.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We said, oh, no, no,\Nwe're changing our minds,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:12.54,0:30:13.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everybody can wear a mask,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:13.88,0:30:15.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after telling people not to wear a mask.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:15.88,0:30:19.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then we didn't spend enough time\Nexplaining to people why.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:19.17,0:30:20.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we lost trust.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:21.00,0:30:23.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we need to do a better job of that.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:23.17,0:30:26.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then our leaders
Dialogue: 0,0:30:26.67,0:30:30.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,need to be very careful\Nwhat they say when you have a bullhorn.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:31.33,0:30:33.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And by the way, I've made mistakes,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:33.12,0:30:36.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've said things on TV\Nthat were just wrong,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:36.83,0:30:38.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I was wrong.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:38.79,0:30:41.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I've tried very hard\Nto try to correct those
Dialogue: 0,0:30:41.29,0:30:42.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as quickly as I can.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:42.71,0:30:43.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All of us do that,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:44.00,0:30:46.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but you have to be strong enough
Dialogue: 0,0:30:46.67,0:30:50.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and have a strong enough personality\Nto say when you're wrong
Dialogue: 0,0:30:50.08,0:30:51.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then correct it.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:51.92,0:30:55.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because at the end of the day,\Nonce you've lost trust,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:55.12,0:30:56.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you've lost everything.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:59.04,0:31:00.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: Well if I might say so,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:00.38,0:31:03.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just the way in which\Nyou're communicating right now,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:03.12,0:31:06.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, to me, that is\Na means of communication
Dialogue: 0,0:31:06.08,0:31:07.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that engenders trust.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:08.88,0:31:11.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know what magic sauce\Nyou have going there,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:11.29,0:31:14.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's very, very compelling\Nlistening to you.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:14.58,0:31:17.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you so much for this.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:17.08,0:31:19.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,David, do you have any other last cues?
Dialogue: 0,0:31:19.46,0:31:21.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,GB: I've made lots of mistakes.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:21.54,0:31:24.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DB: Yeah, no, but it really\Nhas been a real pleasure
Dialogue: 0,0:31:24.71,0:31:27.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to have you join us,\Nand thank you for that.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:27.12,0:31:29.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just one final question if I may.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:29.50,0:31:32.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You've been doing this for a while,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:32.54,0:31:36.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what gives you hope looking forward?
Dialogue: 0,0:31:38.04,0:31:39.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,GB: You know, let me tell you something.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:40.00,0:31:41.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The one thing that gives me hope
Dialogue: 0,0:31:41.58,0:31:45.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is when I see people taking care\Nof their friends and family members.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:45.21,0:31:48.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, drive-by birthday parties.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:48.67,0:31:51.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I saw that on the news today.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:51.08,0:31:52.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People who are calling their friends.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:52.88,0:31:55.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've heard from people\Nthat I haven't talked to in years,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:55.58,0:31:57.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who are just calling me to say,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:57.12,0:31:59.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I haven't talked to you\Nfor a long time. Are you OK?"
Dialogue: 0,0:31:59.71,0:32:01.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So do more of that.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:01.42,0:32:03.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the trust we've had in one another,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:03.71,0:32:06.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the love we've shown,\Nit's just been absolutely amazing,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:06.58,0:32:08.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that gives me hope.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:08.12,0:32:10.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DB: Humanity for the win in the end.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:11.33,0:32:12.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,GB: Yeah.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:12.96,0:32:15.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DB: Well, thank you so much, Dr. Benjamin,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:15.71,0:32:18.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for joining us\Nand for sharing your wisdom.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:19.88,0:32:21.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,GB: Glad to be here.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:21.17,0:32:22.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: Yes, thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:22.62,0:32:24.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,GB: You guys be safe.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:24.08,0:32:26.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Your families be safe.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:26.33,0:32:27.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DB: Thank you, you too.