The Internet's Own Boy: The Story of Aaron Swartz
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0:50 - 0:57A cofounder of the social, news and entertainment website reddit has been found dead.
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0:57 - 1:02He certainly was a prodigy, although he never kind of thought of himself like that.
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1:02 - 1:05He was totally unexcited
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1:05 - 1:08about starting businesses and making money.
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1:10 - 1:13There's a profound sense of lost in Highland Park,
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1:13 - 1:15Aaron Swartz's hometown,
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1:15 - 1:18as loved ones say good-bye to one of the Internet's brightest lights.
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1:18 - 1:22Freedom, open access and computer activists are mourning his loss.
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1:22 - 1:26"An astonishing intellect", if you talk to people who knew him.
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1:26 - 1:27He was killed by the government
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1:27 - 1:30and MIT betrayed all of its basic principles.
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1:30 - 1:33They wanted to make an example out of him.
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1:35 - 1:39Governments have insatiable desire to control.
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1:39 - 1:43He was potentially facing 35 years in prison and a one million dollar fine.
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1:43 - 1:50Raising questions of prosecutorial zeal, and I would say even misconduct.
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1:50 - 1:55Have you looked into that particular matter and reached any conclusions?
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1:57 - 2:01Growing up, you know, I slowly had this process of realizing
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2:01 - 2:04that all the things around me, that people had told me
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2:04 - 2:07were just the natural way things were, the way things always would be
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2:07 - 2:09They weren't natural at all, there were things that could be changed
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2:09 - 2:12and there were things that more importantly were wrong and should change.
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2:12 - 2:14And once I realized that, there was really kind of no going back.
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2:15 - 2:21The Internet's Own Boy.
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2:24 - 2:28Welcome to story reading time.
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2:28 - 2:33The name of the book is "Paddington at the fair".
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2:34 - 2:37Well, he was born in Highland Park and grew up here.
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2:37 - 2:41Aaron came from a family of three brothers, all extraordinarily bright.
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2:41 - 2:44Oh, the box is tipping over...
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2:45 - 2:49So we were all, you know, not the best behaved children.
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2:49 - 2:52You know, three boys running around all the time, causing trouble.
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2:52 - 2:54Hey, no, no no!
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2:54 - 2:56- Aaron!
- What? -
2:56 - 3:01But I've come to the realization that Aaron learned how to learn at a very young age.
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3:02 - 3:06"One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight,seven, eight, nine, ten"
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3:06 - 3:10- Knock, knock!
- Who's there? -
3:10 - 3:11- Aaron.
- Aaron who? -
3:11 - 3:13- Aaron Funnyman.
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3:13 - 3:15He knew what he wanted, and he always wanted to do it.
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3:15 - 3:17He always accomplished what he wanted.
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3:19 - 3:21His curiosity was endless.
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3:22 - 3:25"Here's a little picture of what the planets are."
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3:25 - 3:33"And each planet has a symbol. Mercury symbol, Venus symbol, Earth symbol, Mars symbol, Jupiter symbol."
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3:33 - 3:37One day he said to Susan: what's this free family entertainment downtown Highland Park?
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3:37 - 3:40"Free family entertainment at the downtown [less] park"
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3:40 - 3:42He was three at the time.
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3:42 - 3:45She said: what are you talking about?
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3:45 - 3:50He said: Look, it says here on the refrigerator, "Free family entertainment downtown Highland Park".
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3:50 - 3:55She was floored and astonished that he could read.
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3:55 - 3:59It's called "My Family Seder".
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4:00 - 4:05That Seder night is different from all other nights.
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4:05 - 4:09I remember once, we were at the University of Chicago Library.
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4:09 - 4:12I pulled a book off the shelf that was from like 1900.
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4:12 - 4:17And showed to him, and said: you know, this is an extraordinary place.
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4:17 - 4:23We all were curious children, but Aaron really liked learning and really liked teaching.
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4:23 - 4:28And what we're going to learn is ABC backwards.
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4:28 - 4:31Z, Y, X, W, V, U, T...
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4:32 - 4:36I remember he came home from his first Algebra class.
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4:36 - 4:39He was like: Noah, let me teach you Algebra!
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4:39 - 4:41and I'm like: what is Algebra?
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4:41 - 4:43And he was always like that.
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4:43 - 4:49Now let's press click button, there! Now it's got that!
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4:49 - 4:52Now it's in pink!
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4:52 - 4:56When he was about two or three years old, and Bob introduced him to computers,
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4:56 - 5:00then he just took off, like crazy on them.
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5:00 - 5:04(baby talk)
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5:04 - 5:09We all had computers, but Aaron really took to them, really took to the Internet.
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5:10 - 5:13- Working at the computer?
- Naah.. -
5:13 - 5:16- How c... mommy, why is nothing working?
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5:16 - 5:19He started programming from a really young age.
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5:19 - 5:26I remember the first program that I wrote with him was in Basic, and it was a Star Wars trivia game.
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5:26 - 5:30He sat down with me in the basement, where the computer was,
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5:30 - 5:33for hours, programming this game.
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5:35 - 5:39The problem that I kept having with him is that there was nothing that I wanted done.
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5:39 - 5:44And to him, there was always something to do, always something that programming could solve.
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5:47 - 5:51The way Aaron always saw it, is that programming is magic.
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5:51 - 5:54You can accomplish these things that normal humans can't.
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5:54 - 5:59Aaron made an ATM, using, like, a MacIntosh and, like, a cardboard box.
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5:59 - 6:02One year for Halloween, I didn't know what I wanted to be,
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6:02 - 6:07and he thought it would be really really cool if I dressed up like his new favorite computer,
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6:07 - 6:09which at the time was the original iMac.
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6:09 - 6:13I mean, he hated dressing up for Halloween but he loved convincing other people
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6:13 - 6:16to dress up in these things that he wanted to see.
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6:16 - 6:20Host Aaron, stop! Guys, come on, look at the camera!
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6:20 - 6:23Spider-man looks at the camera
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6:24 - 6:31He made this website called The Info, where people could just fill in information.
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6:31 - 6:35I'm sure someone out there knows everything about gold, gold leafing.
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6:35 - 6:39Why they don't write about that on this website? And then other people can come at a later point
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6:39 - 6:43and read that information, and edit the information if they thought it was bad.
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6:43 - 6:46Not too dissimilar from Wikipedia, right?
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6:46 - 6:50And this was before Wikipedia begun, and this is developed by a 12 year old,
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6:50 - 6:58in his room, by himself, running on this tiny server, using ancient technology.
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6:58 - 7:07One of the teachers response was, like: This is a terrible idea, you cant' just let anyone author the encyclopedia.
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7:07 - 7:12The whole reason we have scholars is to write these books for us. How did you have such a terrible idea?
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7:12 - 7:20Me and my other brother will go, like: Oh, you know, Wikipedia is cool, but we had that in our house, like, five years ago.
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7:21 - 7:26Aaron's website, theinfo.org, wins a school competition
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7:26 - 7:30hosted by the Cambridge-based web design firm ArsDigita.
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7:34 - 7:38We all went to the Cambridge for the... when he won the art centro prize
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7:38 - 7:41and we had no clue what Aaron was doing.
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7:41 - 7:43It was obvious that the prize was really important.
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7:44 - 7:48Aaron soon became involved with online programming communities,
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7:48 - 7:51then in the process of shaping a new tool for the web.
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7:51 - 7:56He comes up saying to me, like: Ben, there's this really awesome thing that I'm working on.
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7:56 - 7:58You need to hear about it!
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7:58 - 8:00"Yeah, what is it?"
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8:00 - 8:02"It's a thing called RSS."
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8:02 - 8:07And he explains me what RSS is.like... like why is that useful,Aaron?
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8:07 - 8:11Is any site using it, like why would I want to use it?
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8:11 - 8:17There is this mailing list for people who are working on RSS, and XML more generally.
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8:17 - 8:21And there was a person on it named Arron Swartz who was really competitive but very smart,
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8:21 - 8:25and who has lots of ideas and he didn't ever come to the face to face meetings
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8:25 - 8:29and he'd never come to face-to-face meetings, and they said,
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8:29 - 8:32you know, when are you gonna come to any of these face-to-face meetings?
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8:32 - 8:37And he said: you know, I don't think my mom would let me. I'm.. I've just turned 14.
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8:37 - 8:43And so their first reaction was, well, you know, this person, this colleague we'we been working with all year is...
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8:43 - 8:47was 13 years old while we were working with him, and he's only 14 now.
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8:47 - 8:51And their second reaction was: Christ, we really want to meet him, you know. That's extraordinary!
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8:51 - 8:54He was part of the committee that drafted RSS.
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8:54 - 8:59What he was doing was to help build the plumming for modern hypertext.
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8:59 - 9:06The piece that he was working on, RSS, was a tool that you can use to get summaries
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9:06 - 9:09of things that are going on on other web pages.
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9:09 - 9:13Most commonly, you would use this for a blog. You might have 10 or 20 people's blogs you wanna read.
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9:13 - 9:18You use their RSS feeds, these summaries of what's going on on those other pages
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9:18 - 9:23to create a unified list of all the stuff that's going on.
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9:23 - 9:28Aaron was really young, but he understood the technology and he saw that it was imperfect
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9:28 - 9:30and looked for ways to help make it better.
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9:36 - 9:40So his mom started bundling him on planes in Chicago, we'd pick him up in San Francicso.
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9:40 - 9:45We'd introduce him to interesting people to argue with, and we'd marvle at his horriffic eating habits.
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9:45 - 9:51He only ate white food, only like steamed rice and not fried rice 'cause that wasn't sufficiently white
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9:51 - 9:54and white bread, and so on...
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9:54 - 9:59And you kind of marvled at the quality of the debate emerging from this,
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9:59 - 10:02what appeared to be a small boy's mouth.
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10:02 - 10:05And you'd think, this is a kid that's really going to get somewhere if he doesn't die of scurvy.
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10:05 - 10:07Aaron, you're up!
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10:07 - 10:10I think the difference is that now you can't make companies like dotcoms.
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10:10 - 10:16You can't have companies that just sell dog food over the Internet, or sell dog food over cell phones.
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10:16 - 10:18But there's still a lot of innovation going on.
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10:18 - 10:21Think that maybe if you don't see the innovation, maybe your head is in the sand!
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10:21 - 10:25He takes on this, like an alpha nerd personality, where he's
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10:25 - 10:29sort of like: "I'm smarter than you, and because I'm smarter than you I'm better than you,
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10:29 - 10:31and I can tell you what to do".
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10:31 - 10:35It's an extension of, like, him being kind of like a twerp.
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10:35 - 10:39So you aggregate all these computers together and now they're solving big problems
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10:39 - 10:42like searching for aliens and trying to cure cancer.
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10:45 - 10:48I first met him on IRC, or Internet Relay Chat.
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10:48 - 10:53He didn't just write code, he also got people excited about solving problems he got.
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10:53 - 10:56He was a connector.
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10:56 - 10:58The free culture movement, he had a lot of this energy.
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10:59 - 11:04I think Aaron was trying to make the world work. He was trying to fix it.
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11:04 - 11:09He had a very kind of strong personality, that definitely ruffled feathers at times.
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11:09 - 11:13It wasn't necesarily the case that he was always comfortable in the world
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11:13 - 11:16and the world wasn't always comfortable with him.
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11:19 - 11:23Aaron got into high school and he was really just sick of school.
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11:23 - 11:28He didn't like it, he didn't like any of the classes that were being thaught, he didn't like the teachers.
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11:28 - 11:30Aaron really knew how to get information.
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11:30 - 11:35He was like: "I don't need to go to this teacher to learn how to do geometry.
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11:35 - 11:37I can just read the geometry book.
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11:37 - 11:41And I don't need to go to this teacher to learn their version of American history,
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11:41 - 11:45like I have like three historical compilations here, I could just read them.
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11:45 - 11:49And I'm not interested in that, I'm interested in the web".
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11:49 - 11:53I was very frustrated with school, I thought the teachers didn't know what they were talking about.
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11:53 - 11:57They were domineering and controlling, the homework was kind of a shame
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11:57 - 12:01and it was all just like all about a way to pen students all together and force them to do busy work.
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12:01 - 12:05And, you know, I started reading books about the history of education
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12:05 - 12:08and how this educational system was developed.
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12:08 - 12:11Then, you know, alternatives to it and ways that people could actually learn things
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12:11 - 12:15as opposed to just regurgitating facts that teachers told them.
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12:15 - 12:19And that kind of led me down this path of questioning things, once I questioned the school I was in,
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12:19 - 12:24I questioned the society that built the school, I questioned the businesses that the schools were training people for,
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12:24 - 12:28I questioned the government that set up this whole structure.
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12:28 - 12:32One of the thing he was most passionate about was copyright, especially in those early days.
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12:32 - 12:38Copyright has always been something kind of a burden on the publishing industry and on readers,
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12:38 - 12:43but it wasn't an eccessive burden, it was a reasonable institution to have in place,
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12:44 - 12:47to make sure that people got paid.
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12:47 - 12:53What Aaron's generation experienced was the collision between this antique copyright system
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12:53 - 12:57and this amazing new thing we were trying to build, the Internet and the Web.
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12:57 - 13:00These things collided, and what we got was chaos.
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13:02 - 13:06He then met Harvard's Law professor Lawrence Lessig,
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13:06 - 13:09who was then challenging copyright law in the Supreme Court.
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13:09 - 13:13The young Aaron Swartz flew to Washington to listen to the Supreme Court hearings.
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13:13 - 13:18I am Aaron Swartz and I'm here to listen to the LD, to see the LD document.
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13:18 - 13:23Why did you fly out here from Chicago and come all this way to see the LD argument?
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13:23 - 13:26That's a more difficult question...
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13:29 - 13:34I don't know. It's very exciting to see the Supreme Court,
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13:34 - 13:37especially in such a prestigious case as this one.
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13:43 - 13:47Lessig was also moving forward with a new way to define copyright on the Internet.
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13:47 - 13:49It was called Creative Commons.
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13:49 - 13:54So the simple idea of Creative Commons is to give people, creators,
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13:54 - 13:59a simple way to mark their creativity with the freedoms they intended to carry.
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13:59 - 14:05So if copyright is all about "All rights reserved", then this is a kind of a "Some rights reserved" model.
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14:05 - 14:09I want a simple way to say to you: here is what you can do with my work,
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14:09 - 14:14even if there are other things which you need to get my permission before you could do.
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14:14 - 14:17And Aaron's role was the computer part.
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14:17 - 14:21Like how do you architect the licenses so they'll be simple and understandable
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14:21 - 14:24and expressed in a way so that machines can process it.
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14:24 - 14:30And people were like: why do you have this 15 years old kid writing the specifications for Creative Commons?
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14:30 - 14:32Don't you think that's a huge mistake?
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14:32 - 14:36And they're like: the biggest mistake we would have is not listening to this kid.
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14:36 - 14:40He barely is not even tall enough to even get over the podium.
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14:40 - 14:43And it was this movable podium so it was this embarrassing thing,
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14:43 - 14:46where once he put his screen up nobody could see his face.
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14:47 - 14:51When you come to our website here, and you go to "Choose license",
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14:51 - 14:57it gives you this list of options, it explains what it means, and you got three simple questions:
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14:58 - 15:00"Do you want to require attribution?"
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15:00 - 15:03"Do you want to allow commercial uses of your work?"
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15:04 - 15:06"Do you want to allow modifications of your work?"
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15:06 - 15:12I was floored, just completely flabbergasted that these adults regarded him as an adult.
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15:12 - 15:16And Aaron stood up there in fromt of a whole audience full of people and just started talking
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15:16 - 15:20about the platform that he'd created for Creative Commons.
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15:20 - 15:23And they were all listening to him. Just...
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15:23 - 15:29I was sitting at the back, thinking: he's just a kid, why are they listening to him?
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15:29 - 15:30But they did...
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15:30 - 15:33Well, I don't think I comprehended it fully.
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15:33 - 15:37Though critics have said it does little to ensure artists get paid for their work,
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15:37 - 15:41the success of Creative Commons has been enormous.
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15:41 - 15:47Currently on the website Flickr alone, over 200 million people use some form of Creative Commons license.
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15:47 - 15:57He contributed through his technical abilities, and yet it was not simply a technical matter to him.
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15:58 - 16:01Aaron often wrote candidly in his personal blog:
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16:01 - 16:06I think deeply about things, and I want others to do likewise.
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16:07 - 16:11I work for ideas and learn from people. I don't like excluding people.
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16:11 - 16:16I'm a perfectionist, but I won't let that get in the way of publication.
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16:16 - 16:20Except for education and entertainment, I'm not going to waste my time
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16:20 - 16:22on things that won't have an impact.
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16:22 - 16:26I try to be friends with everyone, but I hate it when you don't take me seriously.
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16:26 - 16:32I don't hold grudges, it's not productive, but I learn from my experience.
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16:32 - 16:35I want to make the world a better place.
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16:41 - 16:46In 2004 Swartz leaves Highland Park and enrolls in Stanford University.
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16:46 - 16:52He'd had all enterocolitis, which was very troubling and we were concerned about him taking his medication.
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16:52 - 16:56He got hospitalized and he would take this cocktail of pills every day.
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16:57 - 17:01And one of these pills was a steroid which daunted his growth,
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17:01 - 17:05and made him feel different from any of the other students.
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17:05 - 17:08Aaron, I think, shows up at Stanford ready to do scholarship
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17:08 - 17:13and finds himself in effectively a baby-sitting program for overachieving high-schoolers
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17:13 - 17:21who in four years are meant to become captains of industry and 1%'ers
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17:21 - 17:26and I think it just made him bananas.
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17:26 - 17:29In 2005, after only one year of college,
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17:29 - 17:36Schwartz was offered a spot at a new start-up incubation firm called Y Combinator, lead by Paul Graham.
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17:36 - 17:40He's like: hey, I have this idea for a a website!
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17:40 - 17:43And Paul Graham likes him enough, and says: yeah, sure!
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17:43 - 17:47Suddenly he drops out of school, moves to this appartment...
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17:47 - 17:50So this used to be Aaron's appartment when he moved here.
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17:50 - 17:55I have vague memories of my father telling me how difficult it was to get a lease
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17:55 - 17:59'cause Aaron had no credit and he dropped out of college.
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17:59 - 18:05Aaron lived in what's now the living-room and some of the posters are leftovers from when Aaron lived here.
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18:05 - 18:10And the library... there are more books, but a lot of them are Aaron's.
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18:12 - 18:18Aaron's Y Combinator site was called infogami, a tool to build websites.
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18:18 - 18:21But infogami struggles to find users, and Swartz eventually
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18:21 - 18:25merges his company with another Y Combinator project in need of help.
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18:25 - 18:30It was a project headed by Steve Huffman and Alexis Ohanian, called reddit.
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18:30 - 18:34That we were, starting from almost nothing. No users, no money, no code,
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18:34 - 18:38and growing day by day into a hugely popular website.
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18:38 - 18:40And it showed no signs of letting up,
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18:40 - 18:44first we had 1000 users, then 10000, then 20000 and on, and on... It was just incredible...
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18:44 - 18:50reddit becomes huge and it's a real sort of geeky corner of the Internet.
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18:53 - 19:01There's a lot of humor, there's a lot of art, and there's just people who flocked to the site
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19:01 - 19:08and made that site the main site they go to every morning to get their news.
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19:08 - 19:12reddit kind of just borders on chaos at some levels,
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19:12 - 19:19so on the one hand it's a place where people discuss news of the day, technology, politics and issues,
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19:19 - 19:25and yet there is a lot of kind of Not Safe For Work material, offensive material,
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19:25 - 19:30there are some sub-reddits where trolls find a welcome home
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19:30 - 19:34and so, in that sense reddit has been kind of home to controversy as well.
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19:34 - 19:37It kind of sits on that edge of chaos.
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19:37 - 19:41reddit catches the attention of the corporate magazine giant Condé Nast,
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19:41 - 19:43who makes an offer to buy the company.
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19:43 - 19:47Some large amount of money, large enough that my dad was getting bugged with questions
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19:47 - 19:51about like: "How do I store this money?"
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19:51 - 19:54- Like a lot of money...
- Like a lot of money. -
19:54 - 20:00Like probably more than a million dollars, but I don't actually know.
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20:00 - 20:03- And he's how old at the time?
- 19 - 20... -
20:05 - 20:11So it was in this apartment, they sat around
on what predated these couches -
20:11 - 20:15hacking on reddit, and when they sold reddit
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20:15 - 20:19they threw a giant party, and then all flew
out to California the next day -
20:19 - 20:22and left the keys with me.
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20:24 - 20:27It was funny, you know, he'd just sold his start up so we all presumed
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20:27 - 20:29he was the richest person around
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20:29 - 20:34but he said "Oh no, I'll take this tiny little
shoe-box sized room, that's all I need." -
20:34 - 20:36It was barely larger than a closet.
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20:36 - 20:42The idea of him spending his money on
fancy objects just seemed implausible. -
20:43 - 20:48He explains it as "I like living in apartments so I'm not going to spend money ona new place to live, I'm not going to buy a mansion.
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20:48 - 20:50And I like wearing jeans and a t-shirt,
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20:50 - 20:52so I'm not going to spend any more money on clothes.
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20:52 - 20:55So it's really no big deal."
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20:55 - 20:58What is a big deal to Swartz is how traffic
flows on the internet. -
20:58 - 21:01And what commands our attention.
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21:01 - 21:04In the old system of broadcasting, you're
fundamentally limited by the amount of -
21:04 - 21:09space in the airwaves. You can only send out ten channels over the airwaves, TV.
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21:09 - 21:11Or even with cable, you had 500 channels.
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21:11 - 21:16On the Internet, everybody can have a channel.
Everyone can get a blog, or a Myspace page. -
21:16 - 21:18Everyone has a way of expressing themselves.
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21:18 - 21:21What you see now isn't a question of who gets
access to the airwaves, -
21:21 - 21:25it's a question of who gets control over the
ways you find people. -
21:25 - 21:29You know, you start seeing power centralizing in sites like Google, they are sort of gate-keepers that tell you
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21:29 - 21:31where on the internet you want to go.
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21:31 - 21:34The people who provide you your sources of news and information.
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21:34 - 21:38So it's not only certain people have a license to speak, now everyone has
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21:38 - 21:41a license to speak. It's a question of who gets heard.
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21:45 - 21:50After he started working in San Francisco
at Condé Nast he comes into the office -
21:50 - 21:54And they want to give him a computer with all
this crap installed on it. -
21:54 - 21:57And say he can't install any new things
on his computer. -
21:57 - 21:59Which to developers is outrageous.
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21:59 - 22:02From the first day he was complaining
about all the stuff. -
22:05 - 22:11"Gray walls, gray desks, gray noise. The first
day I showed up here I simply couldn't take it. -
22:11 - 22:15By lunchtime I had literally locked myself
in a bathroom stall and started crying. -
22:15 - 22:18I can't imagine staying sane with someone
buzzing in my ear all day -
22:18 - 22:22Let alone getting any actual work done.
-
22:22 - 22:24Nobody else seems to get work done here either
-
22:24 - 22:28Everybody's always coming into our room to
hang out and chat, or invite us to play -
22:28 - 22:30the new video game system that Wired is testing."
-
22:33 - 22:38He really had different aspirations that were politically oriented.
-
22:38 - 22:42And Silicon Valley just doesn't really quite have that culture
-
22:42 - 22:47that orients technical activity for the purposes of political goals.
-
22:47 - 22:50Aaron hated working for a corporation.
-
22:50 - 22:54They all hate working for Condé Nast, but Aaron
is the only one who is not going to take it. -
22:54 - 22:56And Aaron basically gets himself fired.
-
22:56 - 22:58By not showing up to work, ever.
-
23:01 - 23:05It was set to be a messy break-up.
Both Alexis Ohanian and Steve Huffman -
23:05 - 23:08declined to be interviewed for this film.
-
23:09 - 23:16He rejected the business world. One of the really important things to remember about
-
23:16 - 23:23that choice when Aaron decided to leave start-up
culture is that he was also leaving behind -
23:23 - 23:31the things that had made him famous and well-loved.
He was at risk of letting down fans. -
23:31 - 23:36He got to where he was supposed to be going, and had the self-awareness
-
23:36 - 23:43and the orneriness to realize that he had climbed the mountain of shit to pluck
-
23:43 - 23:46the single rose and discovered that he'd lost his sense of smell.
-
23:46 - 23:50And rather than sit there and insist that it wasn't as bad as it seemed,
-
23:50 - 23:54and he did get the rose in any event.
-
23:54 - 23:57He climbed back down again. Which is pretty cool.
-
23:58 - 24:02The way Aaron always saw it is that
programming is magic. -
24:02 - 24:07You can accomplish these things that normal
humans can't, by being able to program. -
24:07 - 24:13So if you had magical powers, would you use
them for good, or to make you mountains of cash? -
24:15 - 24:18Swartz was inspired by one of the visionaries
he had met as a child. -
24:18 - 24:22The man who had invented the World Wide Web,
Tim Berners-Lee. -
24:22 - 24:26In the 1990s, Berners-Lee was arguably sitting on
-
24:26 - 24:29one of the most lucrative inventions of
the 20th century. -
24:29 - 24:35But instead of profiting from the invention
of the World Wide Web, he gave it away for free. -
24:36 - 24:40It is the only reason the World Wide Web exists today.
-
24:41 - 24:45Aaron is certainly deeply influenced by Tim.
-
24:45 - 24:51Tim is certainly a very prominent early Internet genius, who doesn't in any sense cash out.
-
24:51 - 24:56He's not at all interested in how he's going to figure out how to make a billion dollars.
-
24:56 - 24:58People were saying, ah there's money to be made there,
-
24:58 - 25:01so there would have been lots of little webs.
-
25:01 - 25:02Instead of one big one.
-
25:02 - 25:05And one little web, all sorts of webs doesn't work,
-
25:05 - 25:08because you can't follow links from one to the other.
-
25:10 - 25:14You had to have the critical masses, the thing was the entire planet,
-
25:14 - 25:17so it's not going to work unless the whole planet can get on board.
-
25:24 - 25:28I feel very strongly that it's not enough to just live in the world as it is,
-
25:29 - 25:35it's just kind of take what you're given, and you know follow the things that adults told you to do,
-
25:35 - 25:39and that your parents told you to do, and that society tells you to do. I think you should always be questioning.
-
25:39 - 25:43I take this very scientific attitude, that
everything you've learned is just provisional, -
25:43 - 25:49You know, it's always open to recantation or refutation or
questioning. And I think the same applies to society. -
25:49 - 25:53Once I realized that there were real serious problems, fundamental problems
-
25:53 - 25:59that I could do something to address, I didn't see a way to forget that, I didn't see a way not to.
-
26:03 - 26:05We just started spending a lot of time,
-
26:05 - 26:07just kind of as friends.
-
26:09 - 26:12We would just talk for hours, into the night.
-
26:14 - 26:18I definitely should have understood that he was flirting with me. I think to some degree
-
26:18 - 26:24I was like, this is a terrible idea, and impossible, and therefore I will pretend it is not happening.
-
26:25 - 26:29As my marriage was breaking down and I was
really stuck without anywhere to go, -
26:29 - 26:33We became roommates. And I brought my daughter over.
-
26:34 - 26:37We moved in and furnished the house, and it
was really peaceful. -
26:37 - 26:41My life had not been peaceful for a while, and really neither had his.
-
26:46 - 26:54We were extremely close from the beginning of our romantic relationship.
-
26:54 - 26:58We just... we were in constant contact.
-
26:58 - 27:02But we're both really difficult people to deal with.
-
27:04 - 27:11In a very Ally McBeal discussion he confessed he had a theme song, and I made him play it for me.
-
27:12 - 27:17It was Extraordinary Machine, by Fiona Apple.
-
27:17 - 27:24I think it was just that sense of being a little bit embattled that the song has.
-
27:25 - 27:28And it also had this hopefulness to it.
-
27:28 - 27:34♪ By foot it's a slow climb. But I'm good
at being uncomfortable so I can't stop... -
27:34 - 27:37changing all the time ♪
-
27:37 - 27:44In many ways, Aaron was tremendously optimistic
about life. Even when he didn't feel it, -
27:44 - 27:47he could be tremendously optimistic about life.
-
27:47 - 27:50♪ Extraordinary machine ♪
-
27:53 - 27:58- What are you doing?
(Quinn) - Flicker has video now. -
28:00 - 28:02Swartz threw his energy into a string of new
-
28:02 - 28:05projects involving access to public information.
-
28:05 - 28:08Including an accountability webside called
Watchdog.net -
28:08 - 28:11And a project called The Open Library.
-
28:11 - 28:15So the open library project is a website you can visit at openlibrary.org
-
28:15 - 28:20And the idea is to be a huge wiki, an editable website with one page per book.
-
28:20 - 28:24So for every book ever published we want to have a web page about it that combines
-
28:24 - 28:30all the information from publishers, from booksellers, from libraries, from readers
-
28:30 - 28:35onto one site. And then gives you links where
you can buy it, borrow it, or browse it. -
28:35 - 28:40I love libraries. I'm the kind of person who
goes to a new city and immediately seeks out the library -
28:40 - 28:44That's the dream of Open Library, is building this website where both you can leap
-
28:44 - 28:49from book to book, from person to author, from subject to idea. Go through this vast tree
-
28:49 - 28:54of knowledge that's been embedded and lost in big physical libraries. That's hard to find,
-
28:54 - 28:59it's not very well accessible online. It's really important because books are our cultural legacy.
-
28:59 - 29:01Books are the place people go to write things down.
-
29:01 - 29:06And to have all that swallowed up by one corporation is kind of scary.
-
29:07 - 29:11How can you bring public access to the public domain?
-
29:11 - 29:15It may sound obvious that you'd have public access to the public domain,
-
29:15 - 29:21but in fact it's not true. So the public domain should be free to all. But it's often locked up.
-
29:21 - 29:27There's often guard cages. It's like having a national park but with a moat around it,
-
29:27 - 29:33and gun turrets pointed out, in case somebody may want to come and enjoy the public domain.
-
29:33 - 29:39One of the things Aaron was particularly interested in was bringing public access to the public domain.
-
29:39 - 29:43This is one of the things that got him into so much trouble.
-
29:46 - 29:53I had been trying to get access to federal court records in the United States.
-
29:54 - 29:59What I discovered was a puzzling system, called Pacer.
-
30:00 - 30:03Which stands for Public Access to Court Electronic Records.
-
30:03 - 30:07I started Googling, and that's when I ran
across Carl Malamud. -
30:09 - 30:15Access to legal materials in the U.S. is a
$10 billion per year business. -
30:15 - 30:23Pacer is just this incredible abomination
of government services. It's 10 cents a page, -
30:23 - 30:27it's this most braindead code you've ever seen. You can't search it, you can't bookmark anything.
-
30:27 - 30:32You've got to have a credit card, and these are public records.
-
30:32 - 30:37U.S. district courts are very important, it's
where a lot of our seminal litigation starts. -
30:37 - 30:44Civil rights cases, patent cases, all sorts of stuff. Journalists, students, citizens and lawyers
-
30:44 - 30:49all need access to Pacer and it fights them every step of the way.
-
30:49 - 30:55People without means can't see the law as readily as people that have that gold American Express card.
-
30:55 - 30:58It's a poll tax on access to justice.
-
30:58 - 31:04You know the law is the operating system of our democracy and you have to pay to see it?
-
31:04 - 31:07You know, that's not much of a democracy.
-
31:07 - 31:12They make about 120 million dollars a year on the Pacer system
-
31:12 - 31:18and it doesn't cost anything near that, according to their own records. In fact, it's illegal.
-
31:19 - 31:26The E-government Act of 2002 states that the courts may charge only to the extent necessary,
-
31:26 - 31:30in order to reimburse the costs of running Pacer.
-
31:35 - 31:40As the founder of Public.Resource.Org, Malamud wanted to protest the Pacer charges.
-
31:40 - 31:43He started a program called the Pacer Recycling Project,
-
31:43 - 31:47where people could upload Pacer documents they had already paid for
-
31:47 - 31:50to a free database so others could use them.
-
31:50 - 31:55The Pacer people were getting a lot of flack from Congress and others about public access,
-
31:55 - 32:01and so they put togheter a system in 17 libraries across the country that was free Pacer access.
-
32:02 - 32:08You know, that's one library every 22,000 square miles, I believe, so it wasn't like pretty convenient.
-
32:08 - 32:12I encouraged volunteers to join the so-called Thumb Drive Court,
-
32:12 - 32:17and download docs from the public access libraries, upload them to the Pacer recycling site.
-
32:17 - 32:21People take a thumb drive to one of these libraries and they downloaded a bunch of documents
-
32:21 - 32:25and they sent it to me... I mean, it was just a joke.
-
32:25 - 32:29In fact, when you clicked on Thumb Drive Court, there was a Wizard of Oz [movie clip],
-
32:29 - 32:32you know, the Munchkin singing, so a videoclip came up:
-
32:32 - 32:35♪ We represent the lollipop guild. ♪
-
32:35 - 32:39But of course I get this phone calls from Steve Shultz and Aaron, saying:
-
32:40 - 32:43Gee, we'd like to join the Thumb Drive Court.
-
32:43 - 32:48Around that time I ran into Aaron at a conference.
-
32:48 - 32:52This is something that really has to be a collaboration between a lot of different people.
-
32:52 - 32:53So I approached him and I said:
-
32:53 - 32:58Hey, I am thinking about an intervention on the Pacer problem.
-
33:00 - 33:04Schultz had already developed a program that could automatically download Pacer documents
-
33:04 - 33:06from the trial libraries.
-
33:06 - 33:09Swartz wanted to take a look.
-
33:09 - 33:13So, I showed him the code and I didn't know what would come next,
-
33:13 - 33:19but as it turns out, over the course of the next few hours at that conference,
-
33:19 - 33:25he was off sitting in a corner, improving my code, recruiting a friend of his
-
33:25 - 33:32that lived near one of these libraries to go into the library and to begin to test his improved code,
-
33:32 - 33:38at which point the folks at the courts realized something is not going quite according to plan.
-
33:38 - 33:43And data started to come in, and come in, and come in
-
33:43 - 33:48and soon there was 760 GB of Pacer docs, about 20 million pages.
-
33:49 - 33:52Using information retrieved from the trial libraries,
-
33:52 - 33:57Swartz was conducting massive automated parallel downloading of the Pacer system.
-
33:57 - 34:04He was able to acquire nearly 2.7 million Federal Court documents, almost 20 million pages of text.
-
34:04 - 34:10Now I'll grant you that 20 million pages had perhaps exceed the expectations of the people
-
34:10 - 34:15running the pilot access project, but surprising a bureaucrat isn't illegal.
-
34:15 - 34:19Aaron and Carl decided to go talk to The New York Times about what happened.
-
34:20 - 34:26They also caught the attention of the FBI, who began to stake out Swartz parents house in Illinois.
-
34:27 - 34:34And I get a tweet from his mother, saying: "Call me!!". So, I think, like, what the hell's going on here?
-
34:34 - 34:39And so, finally I get a hold of Aaron and, you know, Aaron's mother was like: "Oh my God, FBI, FBI, FBI!"
-
34:40 - 34:46An FBI agent drives down our home's driveway, trying to see if Aaron is, like, in his room.
-
34:47 - 34:52I remember being home that day, and wondering why this car was driving down our driveway,
-
34:52 - 34:55and just driving back up. That's weird!
-
34:57 - 35:05Like, five years later I read this FBI file, like, oh my goodness: it was an FBI agent, in my driveway.
-
35:05 - 35:08He's terrified. He's totally terrified.
-
35:10 - 35:15He was way more terrified after the FBI actually called him up on the phone,
-
35:15 - 35:19and tried to sucker him into coming down to a coffee shop without a lawyer.
-
35:19 - 35:24He said, he went home and lay down on the bed and, you know, was shaking.
-
35:26 - 35:30The downloading also uncovered massive privacy violations in the court documents.
-
35:30 - 35:34Ultimately, the courts were forced to change their policies as a result.
-
35:34 - 35:39And the FBI closed their investigation without bringing charges.
- Title:
- The Internet's Own Boy: The Story of Aaron Swartz
- Description:
-
The film follows the story of programming prodigy and information activist Aaron Swartz. From Swartz's help in the development of the basic internet protocol RSS to his co-founding of Reddit, his fingerprints are all over the internet. But it was Swartz's groundbreaking work in social justice and political organizing combined with his aggressive approach to information access that ensnared him in a two-year legal nightmare. It was a battle that ended with the taking of his own life at the age of 26. Aaron's story touched a nerve with people far beyond the online communities in which he was a celebrity. This film is a personal story about what we lose when we are tone deaf about technology and its relationship to our civil liberties.
Film by Brian Knappenberger - Luminant Media
http://www.takepart.com/internets-own-boy
https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/26788492/aaron-swartz-documentary-the-internets-own-boy-0
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License - Video Language:
- English
- Duration:
- 01:45:00
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Chryssa R. Takahashi edited English subtitles for The Internet's Own Boy: The Story of Aaron Swartz | |
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Judit @Amara edited English subtitles for The Internet's Own Boy: The Story of Aaron Swartz | |
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Maggie S (Amara staff) edited English subtitles for The Internet's Own Boy: The Story of Aaron Swartz | |
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Retired user edited English subtitles for The Internet's Own Boy: The Story of Aaron Swartz | |
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Lee Kahn edited English subtitles for The Internet's Own Boy: The Story of Aaron Swartz | |
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Lee Kahn edited English subtitles for The Internet's Own Boy: The Story of Aaron Swartz | |
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Jason Decker edited English subtitles for The Internet's Own Boy: The Story of Aaron Swartz | |
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Oleg edited English subtitles for The Internet's Own Boy: The Story of Aaron Swartz |
cristi.magherusan
I think the English version is more or less complete now.
Let's review it and try to consistently apply the recommendations listed in the Guidelines box.
Bruno Treguier
Hi there,
I'm one of the French contributors to the French subtitles, and I noticed something that might be a (tiny) mistake in the English subtitles. Here are the present subtitles around 87:28:
87:28 - 87:31 I was a federal prosecutor at the Justice Department for three years.
87:31 - 87:34 Before I started teaching, the government came forward
87:34 - 87:38 with an indictment based on what crimes they thought were committed,
The guy's tone is a bit misleading, but there is a little silence after "teaching", sufficient for me to think that in fact, the first sentence stops there (and hence the 2nd begins), so IMHO he's in fact saying that:
1) he was a federal prosecutor for 3 years before he started teaching, and
2) the government came forward with an indictment based on what crimes they thought were committed, etc. etc.
So there should be a comma (or nothing) after "three years", and a full stop after "teaching".
Furthermore, with the present punctuation, the second sentence is a bit weird: why would it be important to state that the government came forward with Aaron's indictment before this guy started teaching ? Strange, isn't it ? ;-)
As one of the golden rules in subtitling is that only natives of a language should change the subtitles in that language, I leave it up to you to review my comments, and agree... or not. ;-)
Best regards,
Bruno
lauren3467
bruno.treguier Yeah, that makes much more sense. I think it's fixed now. Let me know if you find anything else.
Also, at 13:13 to 13:23, we had "LD documents" for the longest time, but I looked into it, and I'm pretty sure it should be "Eldred documents" so I changed it fairly recently. I'm not sure if it's been changed in the other languages, though.
http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/openlaw/eldredvashcroft/legal.html
It's great that this important documentary has been translated into so many languages!
Thanks :)
Bruno Treguier
Hi lauren3467,
I'll sure let you know if I notice something else that should be changed.
Regarding "LD" vs "Eldred", yeah, it's very difficult to catch what Aaron and his interviewer are precisely saying at that moment but I think you're perfectly right ! The "Eldred v. Ashcroft" oral argument at the Supreme Court, which precisely is about copyright, took place at the end of 2002/beginning of 2003, which fits perfectly !
Best regards,
Bruno