[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.57,0:00:04.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- [Voiceover] Discrimination\Nis differential treatment
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.06,0:00:05.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and harmful actions against minorities,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.94,0:00:08.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the key word here being actions.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.93,0:00:09.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And discrimination can be based
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.99,0:00:13.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on a ton of different factors\Nincluding race, age, religion,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.85,0:00:15.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the list goes on and on.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.72,0:00:18.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And discrimination can occur\Nat the individual level,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.44,0:00:20.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it can also happen\Nat an organizational
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.77,0:00:22.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or institutional level.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.49,0:00:25.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, first, let's take a look at an example
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.26,0:00:28.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of individual discrimination.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.12,0:00:29.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So for individual\Ndiscrimination you can say
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.81,0:00:32.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that this is a science\Nprofessor, for example,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.11,0:00:33.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he does not like women
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.33,0:00:36.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so he will not let them in\Nhis class no matter what.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.27,0:00:39.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's how he is.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.13,0:00:40.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He says, "Hey, no women are allowed
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.80,0:00:41.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"to learn physics in my class."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.97,0:00:44.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So because he is an individual\Nperson and he's acting
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.92,0:00:48.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,against a certain type of people\Nbased on sex in this case,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.18,0:00:51.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it could have been on\Nage, race, religion, whatever,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.31,0:00:52.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is individual discrimination.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.76,0:00:54.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So he is taking action.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.24,0:00:56.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's him, one person.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.37,0:00:59.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the other hand, we have\Ninstitutional discrimination.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.72,0:01:02.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So institutional\Ndiscrimination is really just
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.08,0:01:03.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an organization discriminating.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.100,0:01:05.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not an individual anymore.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.37,0:01:08.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this can include\Ngovernments, banks, schools,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.33,0:01:09.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,any sort of organization.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.89,0:01:12.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the example we'll look at\Nis Brown v. Board of Education,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.84,0:01:16.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this was a landmark\Ncourt case in 1954.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.17,0:01:18.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in this court case, it\Noverturned the fact that
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.69,0:01:20.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there used to be separate\Nbut equal schools.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.90,0:01:22.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So African-Americans and whites
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.59,0:01:24.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had to go to different schools.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.61,0:01:26.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, this in fact wasn't the case
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.01,0:01:27.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's what Brown was saying.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.49,0:01:29.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was saying, "Hey,\Neven though you're saying
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.34,0:01:31.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"there are these separate\Nbut equal schools,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.47,0:01:34.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"that actually is not true.\NWe're having much more
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.15,0:01:36.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"inferior service to\Nyou, and we also aren't
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.95,0:01:40.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"receiving the same education,\Nand we're being mistreated."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.56,0:01:44.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that is what institutional\Ndiscrimination is,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.08,0:01:46.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it can be done through\Na couple different ways.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.64,0:01:48.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And a couple types that we'll talk about
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.56,0:01:51.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are intentional and unintentional.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.05,0:01:54.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is a law so this\Nintentional, our example.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.28,0:01:57.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And let's look at a couple\Nexamples of how institutional
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.24,0:02:00.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and organizational policies can actually
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.53,0:02:02.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,discriminate unintentionally.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.07,0:02:03.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, first, we'll look at something called
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.58,0:02:06.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,side-effect discrimination,\Nand side-effect discrimination
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.72,0:02:08.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is an interesting thing\Nbecause it talks about
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.60,0:02:12.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how one institution or\Norganization or sort of sector
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.10,0:02:14.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can influence another negatively.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.69,0:02:17.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there's many institutions\Nif we think about it.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.41,0:02:19.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's economics.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.40,0:02:24.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's politics, government,\Nlaw, business, medicine.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.13,0:02:27.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have all sorts, and\Nthey all are interdependent
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.20,0:02:29.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and related in some way.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.03,0:02:31.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that is what side-effect\Ndiscrimination is saying.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.44,0:02:35.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if one area is sort of\Ndiscriminating or doing something,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.84,0:02:37.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it can affect another.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.14,0:02:38.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let's take a look at this example.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.43,0:02:40.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let's say in a small town it seems
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.07,0:02:41.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that an African-American\Nman has never gotten
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.94,0:02:43.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a non-guilty verdict.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.45,0:02:46.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So many minorities plead\Nguilty to a lesser charge
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.55,0:02:48.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even though they may have been innocent,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.10,0:02:50.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they didn't think they\Ncould get off on a fair verdict
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.26,0:02:52.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in this city so they just\Ntook the lesser crime.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.59,0:02:53.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, let's fast forward.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.52,0:02:55.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're trying to apply to a job now,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.53,0:02:57.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and while applying to the\Njob their criminal record
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.66,0:03:00.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,comes up and the employer he has nothing.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.83,0:03:02.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He just uses the information\Nabout the applicant's
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.90,0:03:05.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,criminal record, and they\Ndon't intend to discriminate
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.95,0:03:07.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by any means.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.17,0:03:09.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's no ill will,\Nbut they end up doing so
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.91,0:03:12.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether or not the\Nindividual was guilty or not,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.49,0:03:14.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is side-effect discrimination.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.35,0:03:15.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's unintentional.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.86,0:03:18.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So by the criminal justice\Nsystem having reached
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.98,0:03:21.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an unjust verdict, it wasn't fair at all,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.84,0:03:24.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the potential employer is\Nswayed in an unfair way.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.57,0:03:26.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's side-effect discrimination,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.34,0:03:28.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one institution affecting another.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.32,0:03:31.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So a second way unintentional\Ndiscrimination can occur
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.16,0:03:35.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is through something called\Npast-in-present discrimination.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.12,0:03:38.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And past-in-present discrimination\Ntalks about how things
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.33,0:03:41.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that were done in the past,\Neven though they may no longer
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.03,0:03:43.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,be allowed, they can have consequences
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.54,0:03:44.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for people in the present.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.94,0:03:47.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An example would be Brown\Nv. Board of Education.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.26,0:03:50.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Before this verdict,\NAfrican-Americans and white people
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.07,0:03:52.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had to attend different schools.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.08,0:03:54.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So just after the decision,\Nlet's say that there's a girl
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.47,0:03:56.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she wants to go to\Nan integrated school now
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.23,0:04:01.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with white kids and black kids\Nboth in the same classroom
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.02,0:04:04.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but now she's clearly not,\Nshe doesn't feel welcome.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.34,0:04:05.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She still feels mistreated,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.75,0:04:08.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's still not going well for her
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.47,0:04:10.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that's past-in-present discrimination.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.59,0:04:12.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's a negative attitude from the past
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.14,0:04:14.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,coming forward to the present,\Nand it causes a minority
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.80,0:04:16.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be discriminated against unfairly.