[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.49,0:00:05.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Uhm.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.63,0:00:07.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Excuse me.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.45,0:00:09.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pardon me.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.23,0:00:11.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No, no no. Not up there.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.57,0:00:13.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm down here.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.43,0:00:15.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yup.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.29,0:00:16.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hello!
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.65,0:00:21.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am a scientist. And I've come to improve your situation just a bit.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.87,0:00:26.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,See that fire over there?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.13,0:00:31.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Have you ever really wondered what the flames are from that fire? I mean look at all of those colors.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.41,0:00:34.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you feel that heat. It's hot, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.15,0:00:38.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well gee, it must be torture being around all these flames and not knowing what they are.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.37,0:00:40.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here, take a look at this cupcake.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.27,0:00:43.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You see a flame on top of this delicious looking cupcake?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.32,0:00:45.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You do like cupcakes, don't you?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.17,0:00:46.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's take a closer look, shall we?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.81,0:00:48.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fantastic!
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.78,0:00:55.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we look at the flame on top of this cupcake, we first notice a few things, like all the colors
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.24,0:00:58.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the bottom, we have this blue-ish color.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.64,0:01:01.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the top, it's more yellow, orange, redish.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.33,0:01:02.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also the flame is hot.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.76,0:01:05.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why is it so flaming hot?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.04,0:01:09.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, to answer these questions, you need to know something very important.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.12,0:01:11.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You see everything is made up of tiny things
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.30,0:01:13.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called atoms. And these things are the building
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.70,0:01:16.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,blocks that make up everything!
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.20,0:01:17.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they're really small.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.74,0:01:19.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Smaller.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.08,0:01:20.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Smaller!
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.72,0:01:22.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even smaller!
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.18,0:01:24.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hey, look, you can't even see
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.15,0:01:25.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,them, they're so small.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.91,0:01:27.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Exactly!
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.18,0:01:29.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anything you can think of is made up of atoms.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.48,0:01:34.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yup, this air condition is made up of atoms.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.49,0:01:36.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This delicious popsicle is made up of atoms.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.72,0:01:39.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This ice water is made up of atoms.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.53,0:01:42.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everything is made up of billions and billions of atoms.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.80,0:01:46.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, this candle and flame are made up of three kinds of atoms
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.66,0:01:50.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.15,0:01:53.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The carbon and the hydrogen are locked together
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.06,0:01:54.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to form the solid wax and wick.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.65,0:01:57.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The oxygen is a gas all around us.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.77,0:02:01.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Normally, the oxygen doesn't do much to the candle
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.78,0:02:05.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It just bounces off of the surface, not doing any real damage.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.51,0:02:07.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But when we add heat, the oxygen
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.95,0:02:09.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,atoms go bananas!
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.47,0:02:11.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they shake the wax, like crazy!
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.70,0:02:13.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Until finally, with enough force, they snap apart.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.50,0:02:17.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They leave the candle as a gas.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.88,0:02:20.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where they mix with the oxygen.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.44,0:02:22.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Uh oh, I smell trouble.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.07,0:02:25.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well the fancy science word for all of this is
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.62,0:02:27.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pyrolysis.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.45,0:02:29.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is the first thing that needs to happen to get a flame.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.72,0:02:33.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's when the fuel turns to a gas.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.62,0:02:36.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now let's see what happens when these hot gasses combine.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.68,0:02:39.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Announcer: Ladies and gentlemen, in this corner
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.11,0:02:44.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he was once a solid, now he's a gas. He's the fuel from the West!
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.26,0:02:48.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in this corner, not one, but two groups of oxygen
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.50,0:02:49.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ready?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.36,0:02:51.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,React!
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.56,0:02:55.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Narrator: Any time certain atoms get hit hard enough,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.54,0:02:57.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they spit out blue light.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.02,0:03:00.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And because there are lots of atoms getting hit hard
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.98,0:03:03.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and lots of atoms spitting out blue light
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.46,0:03:06.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we get a blue flame.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.53,0:03:08.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here comes another science word. Ready?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.100,0:03:11.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Chemiluminescence.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.15,0:03:12.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know, it's a big one.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.64,0:03:13.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One more time.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.50,0:03:15.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Chemiluminescence.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.06,0:03:16.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's when atoms shine light
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.50,0:03:17.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when they rearrange.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.70,0:03:19.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's why flames are blue
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.26,0:03:21.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now the blue light is not hot.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.51,0:03:23.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Wait!
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.47,0:03:26.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the blue flame is really hot!
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.05,0:03:28.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if the blue light is not the hot part,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.57,0:03:31.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then what does make a flame so hot?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.24,0:03:33.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, remember our fuel atom?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.92,0:03:35.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and our oxygen atoms?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.46,0:03:37.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They rearranged to make new stuff like water
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.88,0:03:39.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and carbon dioxide.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.64,0:03:40.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as they rearrange, they snap together.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.97,0:03:43.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And with each
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.11,0:03:44.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}snap{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.03,0:03:46.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the new thing shakes like crazy!
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.98,0:03:49.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when the rearranging is done, we have
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.05,0:03:50.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lots of new stuff
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.50,0:03:52.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all shaking really fast!
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.17,0:03:54.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we put something close to those raging atoms
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.48,0:03:57.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then those atoms begin shaking like crazy too,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.59,0:04:00.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like the atoms in our fingers -- that's heat.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.37,0:04:03.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is called oxidation.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.81,0:04:07.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's when the oxygen atoms combine with other atoms to make new stuff.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.52,0:04:10.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's why flames are so hot.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.16,0:04:12.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Alright then, why are most flames
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.26,0:04:14.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,yellow, orange, red?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.16,0:04:16.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, remember our first reaction?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.06,0:04:19.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We had one group of fuel atoms and two groups of oxygen.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.56,0:04:21.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They made a flame that was very hot.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.80,0:04:23.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And only blue.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.59,0:04:26.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But watch what happens if there's not enough oxygen
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.20,0:04:27.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we take some away.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.68,0:04:30.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Announcer: Ladies and gentlemen what happens when there's
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.41,0:04:32.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not enough oxygen?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.83,0:04:33.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,*audience gasp*
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.97,0:04:37.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Announcer: what's this? A single carbon atom left all alone!
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.55,0:04:40.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Narrator: It's okay, because all of his left-over carbon
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.09,0:04:41.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,friends come to join him
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.40,0:04:44.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they form large, black particles we call soot.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.66,0:04:46.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay, they're not so large. They're so small
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.44,0:04:48.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can't even see them.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.20,0:04:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But to a single atom, they are enormouse!
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.00,0:04:52.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Announcer: Enormous!
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.97,0:04:54.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Narrator: I know what you're thinking.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.36,0:04:57.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do black particles make yellow flames?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.41,0:04:59.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well let me show you.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.03,0:05:00.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But first, I need something big and black
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.89,0:05:02.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like this pitch fork.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.73,0:05:04.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Excuse me sir, Your Evilness,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.45,0:05:06.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could you please place your pitch fork in
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.55,0:05:08.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those scorching flames? Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.48,0:05:11.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Big black objects are like sponges that soak up heat.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.78,0:05:13.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They have to get rid of this energy, so they spit it out
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.79,0:05:15.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by glowing.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.46,0:05:17.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The hotter they get, the more brightly they glow.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.85,0:05:21.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now the same thing happens with our soot particles.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.26,0:05:23.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They drink in heat from all those hot atoms.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.98,0:05:25.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they glow brighter and brighter!
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.06,0:05:28.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Until they look like this!
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.14,0:05:31.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And because there are millions and millions of soot particles
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.72,0:05:32.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all glowing hot
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.75,0:05:34.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we get this yellow flame.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.93,0:05:35.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Audience: ooh!
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.64,0:05:36.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is called incandescence.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.97,0:05:39.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's when the soot particles glow because they're hot.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.15,0:05:41.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's the reason why flames are yellow.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.63,0:05:44.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, that's it. That's what flames are.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.11,0:05:46.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, who knew cupcakes could be so much fun.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.60,0:05:49.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Remember, first the fuel loses mass and turns into a gas.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.10,0:05:53.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Before the next change is through, atoms shine blue.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.25,0:05:56.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When the process is complete, it gives off heat.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.21,0:05:59.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Extra carbon will grow red, orange, and yellow.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.44,0:06:01.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hey, those are just like the lyrics from that
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.70,0:06:04.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really awesome song about flames.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.66,0:06:06.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, the one that goes:
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.79,0:06:08.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The fuel loses mass
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.63,0:06:10.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it turns to gas.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.31,0:06:12.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Before the next change is through
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.30,0:06:14.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some atoms shine blue.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.64,0:06:16.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When the process is complete
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.44,0:06:18.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it gives off heat.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.56,0:06:20.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Extra carbon will glow
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.38,0:06:22.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,red, orange, yellow.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.41,0:06:24.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The fuel loses mass
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.14,0:06:26.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it turns to a gas
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.39,0:06:28.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Before the next change is through
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.19,0:06:30.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some atoms turn blue.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.22,0:06:31.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When the process is complete
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.49,0:06:34.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it gives off heat.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.84,0:06:36.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Extra carbon will glow
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.18,0:06:38.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,red, orange, yellow.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.44,0:06:39.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,*chorus repeats*
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.96,0:06:43.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,vocal backing: Pyrolysis
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.68,0:06:47.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Chemiluminescence
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.60,0:06:51.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Oxidation
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.49,0:06:54.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Incandescence
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.80,0:07:15.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}repeat{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.15,0:07:19.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,*song finishes*
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.07,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,*credits song*