1
00:00:08,936 --> 00:00:14,384
How many of you are familiar
with the Japanese-American incarceration?

2
00:00:14,867 --> 00:00:16,897
Oh! Thank you, and good night.

3
00:00:16,897 --> 00:00:18,397
(Laughter)

4
00:00:18,397 --> 00:00:20,269
You guys are wonderful.

5
00:00:22,031 --> 00:00:23,799
I was a prisoner of war,

6
00:00:24,419 --> 00:00:26,179
during World War II,

7
00:00:26,179 --> 00:00:28,129
held by my own country.

8
00:00:28,592 --> 00:00:30,460
I was six years old.

9
00:00:31,053 --> 00:00:32,851
This is my prison number:

10
00:00:33,405 --> 00:00:35,185
125 -

11
00:00:36,575 --> 00:00:38,597
12524.

12
00:00:39,085 --> 00:00:40,643
I'm the letter D.

13
00:00:41,153 --> 00:00:43,430
My family had 12524.

14
00:00:45,076 --> 00:00:48,814
My family and I were incarcerated
for three and a half years,

15
00:00:48,814 --> 00:00:51,001
in Poston, Arizona,

16
00:00:51,001 --> 00:00:53,854
during World War II.

17
00:00:55,339 --> 00:00:58,060
As a teacher, I would ask my students,

18
00:00:58,640 --> 00:01:00,899
sometimes on the first day of school:

19
00:01:01,610 --> 00:01:04,019
"Draw an American for me.

20
00:01:04,019 --> 00:01:08,556
Okay? Take out a piece of paper,
and draw an American for me.

21
00:01:08,556 --> 00:01:09,676
Okay?"

22
00:01:09,676 --> 00:01:14,026
And then I would go around the room
and check the drawings,

23
00:01:14,775 --> 00:01:18,666
and sometimes the drawings
would be of a stick figure,

24
00:01:21,052 --> 00:01:23,196
not much better than kindergarten.

25
00:01:23,196 --> 00:01:24,562
Excuse me, Marsha.

26
00:01:26,342 --> 00:01:29,532
Marsha is a kindergarten teacher, my wife.

27
00:01:29,532 --> 00:01:30,772
(Laughter)

28
00:01:31,728 --> 00:01:34,939
Draw an American for me.
You get somebody in mind?

29
00:01:34,939 --> 00:01:36,359
Hmm?

30
00:01:37,283 --> 00:01:40,341
How many of you
thought of drawing a woman?

31
00:01:41,491 --> 00:01:42,861
Thank you.

32
00:01:43,631 --> 00:01:46,091
A majority of Americans are women.

33
00:01:47,569 --> 00:01:49,936
Who says it's a man's world?

34
00:01:50,261 --> 00:01:51,532
Men!

35
00:01:53,819 --> 00:01:57,060
Women can do everything
a man can do, and more.

36
00:02:00,114 --> 00:02:04,222
How many of you thought of drawing
a blonde, blue-eyed, hunk of a guy?

37
00:02:06,288 --> 00:02:08,606
Hitler would have been so proud of you.

38
00:02:11,954 --> 00:02:18,133
To many Americans, WASP is the American:
White Anglo-Saxon Protestant.

39
00:02:18,133 --> 00:02:20,711
If you're not White,
Anglo-Saxon Protestant,

40
00:02:20,711 --> 00:02:22,443
you're not really an American.

41
00:02:25,793 --> 00:02:28,279
You know, I'm not Japanese.

42
00:02:28,608 --> 00:02:30,598
I've never been Japanese.

43
00:02:31,023 --> 00:02:34,273
I'm an American, of Japanese ancestry.

44
00:02:34,273 --> 00:02:38,473
My father was Japanese, my mother was
Japanese, but I'm not Japanese.

45
00:02:39,404 --> 00:02:41,866
When I go to Japan, and I speak,

46
00:02:43,016 --> 00:02:46,266
they laugh and they go:
"We don't talk like that anymore."

47
00:02:46,266 --> 00:02:49,755
They know I'm a gaijin, a foreigner.

48
00:02:50,642 --> 00:02:52,641
When I was in London, shopping,

49
00:02:52,641 --> 00:02:55,114
and I had a nice conversation
with the sales lady,

50
00:02:55,114 --> 00:02:57,454
and at the end she says:
"Oh, you Yanks."

51
00:02:57,801 --> 00:03:01,481
She's looking at me, and I'm a Yank.

52
00:03:02,997 --> 00:03:05,947
But in this country,
in parts of this country,

53
00:03:06,553 --> 00:03:08,143
I'm a damned Jap.

54
00:03:10,476 --> 00:03:12,517
And I don't mean just the South.

55
00:03:13,501 --> 00:03:18,941
There are parts of Idaho,
Montana, North Dakota and such.

56
00:03:19,295 --> 00:03:21,503
It's kind of dangerous for me to travel.

57
00:03:23,318 --> 00:03:26,272
Racism still prevails in this country.

58
00:03:27,470 --> 00:03:32,435
After 9/11, the attack
on the twin towers in New York,

59
00:03:34,728 --> 00:03:37,310
there was talk about rounding up

60
00:03:37,310 --> 00:03:40,309
all the Arabs and Muslim
Americans in this country,

61
00:03:40,309 --> 00:03:44,238
and incarcerating them
in concentration camps.

62
00:03:44,935 --> 00:03:49,654
Now to his credit,
George W. Bush, the president,

63
00:03:49,654 --> 00:03:52,174
he called a Cabinet meeting,

64
00:03:52,974 --> 00:03:55,254
and he told his Cabinet members:

65
00:03:55,254 --> 00:03:59,705
"We're not going to do to the Arab
and Muslim Americans in this country

66
00:03:59,705 --> 00:04:03,088
what we did to Norm Mineta
and his family."

67
00:04:03,499 --> 00:04:08,465
And all talk about rounding up
the Arab and Muslims stopped.

68
00:04:08,932 --> 00:04:10,613
And we were grateful.

69
00:04:11,342 --> 00:04:14,847
Now, why was Norm, his family,

70
00:04:14,847 --> 00:04:21,187
and 120,000 Japanese
and Japanese-Americans -

71
00:04:21,187 --> 00:04:24,004
two-thirds were American citizens,

72
00:04:24,004 --> 00:04:27,844
from Washington, Oregon, and California -

73
00:04:27,844 --> 00:04:31,937
incarcerated after the attack
on Pearl Harbour?

74
00:04:33,261 --> 00:04:34,593
Well,

75
00:04:35,293 --> 00:04:40,493
Cabrillo College instructor
Sandy Lydon, historian emeritus,

76
00:04:40,493 --> 00:04:46,084
said the Japanese strawberry farmer
of Watsonville had nothing to do

77
00:04:46,084 --> 00:04:48,144
with the attack on Pearl Harbour.

78
00:04:48,782 --> 00:04:54,188
Did you know that there were 158,000
Japanese and Japanese-Americans

79
00:04:54,188 --> 00:04:58,438
living in the territory of Hawaii -
it wasn't a state yet -

80
00:04:58,438 --> 00:05:02,828
who were not incarcerated, 
with the exception of about 2,000.

81
00:05:03,685 --> 00:05:05,555
They're in the war zone.

82
00:05:06,455 --> 00:05:10,557
Well, they needed the Japanese
and Japanese-Americans in Hawaii

83
00:05:10,557 --> 00:05:12,687
to run the economy of Hawaii.

84
00:05:13,492 --> 00:05:17,710
They were the plurality,
they were 37% of the population -

85
00:05:17,710 --> 00:05:20,792
a census was taken in 1940.

86
00:05:22,716 --> 00:05:24,037
Their general Evman said,

87
00:05:24,037 --> 00:05:29,739
"It's not necessary to do this.
There is no plan for sabotage."

88
00:05:30,601 --> 00:05:34,322
We, who were 2,500 miles away
from the war zone,

89
00:05:34,322 --> 00:05:36,140
we get incarcerated.

90
00:05:38,189 --> 00:05:39,429
Why?

91
00:05:40,242 --> 00:05:44,255
I have to take you back a little bit
in American history.

92
00:05:46,256 --> 00:05:49,976
The United States Constitution
legalized slavery.

93
00:05:50,979 --> 00:05:56,559
The U.S. government condoned
and practiced racism.

94
00:05:57,468 --> 00:06:01,161
The Naturalization Act in 1790:

95
00:06:01,161 --> 00:06:05,337
Asians could not become citizens
of the United States.

96
00:06:06,432 --> 00:06:08,113
The Cherokee Nation.

97
00:06:09,005 --> 00:06:11,281
You've heard of the trail of tears?

98
00:06:11,281 --> 00:06:13,854
They were forced out of their homes.

99
00:06:14,444 --> 00:06:16,478
Dred Scott decision,

100
00:06:17,698 --> 00:06:19,368
He was a slave,

101
00:06:20,028 --> 00:06:21,838
even in a free territory.

102
00:06:22,338 --> 00:06:26,918
There was an anti-Irish-Catholic
mentality in this country.

103
00:06:26,918 --> 00:06:33,348
There were signs that were printed,
and displayed: "No Irish Need Apply."

104
00:06:35,056 --> 00:06:39,428
The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882.

105
00:06:39,428 --> 00:06:41,592
Plessy vs. Ferguson:

106
00:06:41,592 --> 00:06:43,204
"Separate but equal."

107
00:06:43,204 --> 00:06:45,430
How can the separate be equal?

108
00:06:46,501 --> 00:06:50,400
A. Mitchell Palmer Raids, 1919-1920.

109
00:06:50,400 --> 00:06:57,799
The communists, and Jews too,
were deported without trial,

110
00:06:57,799 --> 00:07:00,430
just placed on a ship and shipped out.

111
00:07:02,998 --> 00:07:05,770
Immigration Act of 1924.

112
00:07:07,449 --> 00:07:10,819
The Japanese could not
come to this country anymore.

113
00:07:11,691 --> 00:07:13,861
Fred Korematsu case.

114
00:07:16,115 --> 00:07:19,829
Our history is a history of racism,

115
00:07:21,195 --> 00:07:27,205
and discrimination regarding 
immigration as well.

116
00:07:29,510 --> 00:07:33,648
In the early 20th century,
it was said in the newspapers -

117
00:07:33,648 --> 00:07:36,765
The Examiner, The Chronicle,
The McClatchy papers, you know,

118
00:07:36,765 --> 00:07:39,409
Sacramento Bee, Fresno Bee,
and The Sentinel -

119
00:07:40,249 --> 00:07:42,579
that the Japanese race is an alien race

120
00:07:42,579 --> 00:07:45,449
which can never be assimilated
into the American way of life;

121
00:07:45,449 --> 00:07:48,960
there is nothing of value
of Japanese culture.

122
00:07:51,926 --> 00:07:53,516
Nothing of value.

123
00:07:55,685 --> 00:07:57,299
How many of you have eaten sushi?

124
00:07:57,299 --> 00:07:58,162
(Chuckling)

125
00:07:58,162 --> 00:08:00,364
Oh yeah, sushi's good for you.

126
00:08:01,009 --> 00:08:02,619
What about bonsai?

127
00:08:02,979 --> 00:08:04,974
Ikebana flower arranging?

128
00:08:04,974 --> 00:08:06,324
Origami?

129
00:08:07,262 --> 00:08:08,850
Wax on, wax off?

130
00:08:08,850 --> 00:08:09,930
(Chuckling)

131
00:08:09,930 --> 00:08:11,102
Karate?

132
00:08:12,205 --> 00:08:13,362
Ah,

133
00:08:13,362 --> 00:08:15,622
Japanese culture is rich.

134
00:08:16,252 --> 00:08:21,691
And so many enjoy participating 
in Japanese culture.

135
00:08:22,370 --> 00:08:26,434
To make sure the Japanese did not
assimilate into this country,

136
00:08:26,894 --> 00:08:28,312
laws were passed.

137
00:08:28,312 --> 00:08:31,210
Asians could not own property,

138
00:08:31,210 --> 00:08:32,869
marry whites,

139
00:08:34,119 --> 00:08:36,373
become citizens of the United States.

140
00:08:37,979 --> 00:08:40,579
After the attack on Pearl Harbour,

141
00:08:40,969 --> 00:08:43,469
December 7th, 1941.

142
00:08:44,779 --> 00:08:46,918
John L. DeWitt,

143
00:08:47,660 --> 00:08:52,640
commander of the Western Fourth Army,

144
00:08:52,640 --> 00:08:55,330
at the Presidio of San Francisco,

145
00:08:56,115 --> 00:08:59,014
had the ear of the President
of the United States.

146
00:08:59,331 --> 00:09:00,488
He said,

147
00:09:01,058 --> 00:09:02,988
"A Jap's a Jap.

148
00:09:02,988 --> 00:09:06,850
It makes no difference
whether that Jap is a citizen or not."

149
00:09:09,408 --> 00:09:13,193
J. Edgar Hoover said: "Mr. President,
we don't need to do this."

150
00:09:14,096 --> 00:09:17,566
Francis Biddle, who was
the Attorney General at the time, said:

151
00:09:17,566 --> 00:09:20,633
"Mr. President, I don't think
we can do this."

152
00:09:21,543 --> 00:09:22,995
There were no ...

153
00:09:23,995 --> 00:09:27,671
lawsuits filed on our behalf.

154
00:09:31,925 --> 00:09:37,666
Executive Order 9066
was passed 75 years ago.

155
00:09:38,834 --> 00:09:44,332
You know, there was one group, nationally,
one group, that supported us:

156
00:09:44,332 --> 00:09:45,768
The American Quakers,

157
00:09:45,768 --> 00:09:47,451
the American friends.

158
00:09:48,359 --> 00:09:50,309
They were the only ones.

159
00:09:50,309 --> 00:09:54,584
Nationally, not even
the ACLU supported us.

160
00:09:58,379 --> 00:09:59,839
Locally,

161
00:09:59,839 --> 00:10:01,896
luckily, we had some friends.

162
00:10:02,230 --> 00:10:05,709
City attorney of Watsonville,
John McCarthy,

163
00:10:05,709 --> 00:10:08,961
our police chief, Matt Graves,

164
00:10:09,351 --> 00:10:11,741
school teachers, public school teachers,

165
00:10:11,741 --> 00:10:13,148
and many others supported us.

166
00:10:13,148 --> 00:10:14,352
You know -

167
00:10:14,672 --> 00:10:16,042
The reward?

168
00:10:16,042 --> 00:10:19,386
They were called "Jap Lovers"
for supporting us.

169
00:10:22,767 --> 00:10:25,706
They had their homes and cars vandalized.

170
00:10:27,221 --> 00:10:31,105
And they were among the very first
to welcome us back.

171
00:10:31,930 --> 00:10:34,075
We had some very dear friends.

172
00:10:36,362 --> 00:10:38,302
In 1942,

173
00:10:38,302 --> 00:10:42,712
our homes were searched,
without search warrants.

174
00:10:42,712 --> 00:10:45,855
The FBI came into our homes -

175
00:10:45,855 --> 00:10:48,882
they got the information
from the Bureau of the Census.

176
00:10:48,882 --> 00:10:51,743
The Bureau of the Census
is not supposed to do that.

177
00:10:51,743 --> 00:10:53,415
We were hacked.

178
00:10:55,554 --> 00:10:59,249
There were no trials,
except for four people.

179
00:11:00,595 --> 00:11:04,536
But for the rest of us, we had no charges,

180
00:11:05,404 --> 00:11:06,838
no attorneys,

181
00:11:07,288 --> 00:11:09,368
no due process of law.

182
00:11:15,248 --> 00:11:19,231
This, the Constitution
of the United States,

183
00:11:19,911 --> 00:11:22,064
ceased to exist for us.

184
00:11:29,813 --> 00:11:31,924
There were ten major camps,

185
00:11:32,914 --> 00:11:34,003
and from the camps,

186
00:11:34,003 --> 00:11:39,663
our men and women volunteered to serve
in the United States Armed Forces.

187
00:11:40,503 --> 00:11:45,117
The men, many of them were
in the 100th/442nd Regimental Combat Team,

188
00:11:45,827 --> 00:11:50,591
the most decorated army unit
for its size and length of service.

189
00:11:53,631 --> 00:11:58,001
My two brothers were in the MIS,
Military Intelligence Service,

190
00:11:58,001 --> 00:12:00,331
because they could read
and write Japanese.

191
00:12:00,696 --> 00:12:04,876
They went to Japanese school
after high school each day.

192
00:12:05,840 --> 00:12:08,334
They fought against the Japanese.

193
00:12:10,804 --> 00:12:15,288
We used the Japanese language
as a weapon against the Japanese.

194
00:12:17,670 --> 00:12:19,508
The MIS

195
00:12:20,092 --> 00:12:22,240
stayed after the war,

196
00:12:22,929 --> 00:12:26,956
with the restoration,
occupation restoration of Japan.

197
00:12:28,649 --> 00:12:35,632
Their service during the war saved
countless American and Japanese lives.

198
00:12:35,871 --> 00:12:39,392
It is estimated that it shortened
the war by two years.

199
00:12:41,617 --> 00:12:47,511
Congress formally acknowledged the work

200
00:12:49,570 --> 00:12:55,912
of the 100th/442nd and MIS
with a Congressional Gold Medal.

201
00:12:56,124 --> 00:12:57,555
We're grateful.

202
00:12:59,653 --> 00:13:01,688
Our forced removal

203
00:13:02,898 --> 00:13:04,388
was illegal.

204
00:13:04,388 --> 00:13:05,639
Right?

205
00:13:07,666 --> 00:13:08,968
No.

206
00:13:11,026 --> 00:13:12,348
No.

207
00:13:14,282 --> 00:13:15,891
It's legal.

208
00:13:18,322 --> 00:13:22,229
The government of United States
can evict anyone from their homes,

209
00:13:22,678 --> 00:13:27,569
if under the guise of
"military necessity."

210
00:13:28,778 --> 00:13:31,460
Today, we won't use that term.

211
00:13:31,460 --> 00:13:34,851
We'll use the term "national security."

212
00:13:37,167 --> 00:13:44,179
Congress and the president apologized
for our wartime experience.

213
00:13:45,401 --> 00:13:52,453
The Civil Liberties Act
was passed on August 10th, 1988.

214
00:13:53,104 --> 00:13:55,131
We have an official apology.

215
00:13:55,131 --> 00:13:56,474
You know,

216
00:13:56,474 --> 00:13:58,674
of the 120,000,

217
00:13:59,294 --> 00:14:03,071
the government expected
60,000 to have died,

218
00:14:03,071 --> 00:14:05,918
and 60,000 were still alive.

219
00:14:06,756 --> 00:14:08,376
But we fooled them.

220
00:14:08,376 --> 00:14:11,314
80,000 of us were still alive.

221
00:14:11,314 --> 00:14:14,322
You see, sushi is good for you.

222
00:14:14,322 --> 00:14:16,048
(Laughter)

223
00:14:17,132 --> 00:14:18,929
There's only one race.

224
00:14:19,973 --> 00:14:21,604
That's the human race.

225
00:14:24,818 --> 00:14:28,119
There are those who wish
to classify us, you know,

226
00:14:28,119 --> 00:14:31,247
"Oh, you're Caucasian American,

227
00:14:31,247 --> 00:14:32,559
you're Asian American,

228
00:14:32,559 --> 00:14:34,344
you're Hispanic American,

229
00:14:37,138 --> 00:14:38,609
or Black American."

230
00:14:39,915 --> 00:14:41,698
There's only one race.

231
00:14:42,865 --> 00:14:44,529
You know dogs?

232
00:14:45,399 --> 00:14:48,825
We call them German Shepards,
French Poodles, and Chihuahuas.

233
00:14:48,825 --> 00:14:51,625
They go to anybody, right?

234
00:14:52,205 --> 00:14:53,691
They're color-blind.

235
00:14:54,932 --> 00:14:58,200
I wish humans were color-blind.

236
00:14:59,755 --> 00:15:00,925
(Sigh)

237
00:15:01,374 --> 00:15:04,092
Today, the present administration

238
00:15:05,359 --> 00:15:09,541
is constantly issuing
new executive orders and policies

239
00:15:09,541 --> 00:15:11,329
regarding immigration,

240
00:15:11,891 --> 00:15:14,851
contrary to the spirit of America.

241
00:15:15,953 --> 00:15:17,481
Fortunately,

242
00:15:18,151 --> 00:15:19,541
now,

243
00:15:19,541 --> 00:15:23,554
we have the Southern Poverty Law Center,

244
00:15:23,991 --> 00:15:26,283
the American Civil Liberties Union.

245
00:15:26,715 --> 00:15:28,667
We have so many groups,

246
00:15:29,484 --> 00:15:31,574
and individuals,

247
00:15:31,574 --> 00:15:36,686
supporting what really is of true America,

248
00:15:36,686 --> 00:15:40,374
something we didn't see in 1942.

249
00:15:41,882 --> 00:15:43,650
Will it happen again?

250
00:15:46,119 --> 00:15:47,930
Memory is short.

251
00:15:50,889 --> 00:15:54,260
No, not under the guise
of military necessity, no.

252
00:15:54,260 --> 00:15:56,104
So who's the biggest threat?

253
00:15:59,609 --> 00:16:06,373
Some suspect it will be
the reporters and producers of fake news.

254
00:16:07,502 --> 00:16:10,430
It doesn't have to be
an individual or a group,

255
00:16:10,430 --> 00:16:12,856
a national group or a racial group.

256
00:16:15,206 --> 00:16:17,182
It could be an occupation.

257
00:16:17,182 --> 00:16:22,178
The days of Walter Cronkite,
the conscious of America, are long gone.

258
00:16:23,542 --> 00:16:25,559
Now we have the internet,

259
00:16:26,062 --> 00:16:28,307
radio talk show hosts,

260
00:16:28,973 --> 00:16:31,121
TV commentators.

261
00:16:33,010 --> 00:16:37,086
I'm grateful to be living here
in Santa Cruz County,

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the second most 
iberal county in the nation.

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You know, if you know
the history of Santa Cruz city,

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it wasn't always that way.

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00:16:49,012 --> 00:16:52,138
Yeah, minorities were not
welcome in Santa Cruz.

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00:16:53,436 --> 00:16:56,897
Growing up, I didn't come
to Santa Cruz very often.

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00:16:59,265 --> 00:17:00,986
But that all changed.

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00:17:01,877 --> 00:17:03,096
How?

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00:17:03,552 --> 00:17:05,859
Thanks to Cabrillo College,

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00:17:09,812 --> 00:17:12,506
and University of California
at Santa Cruz.

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The intelligentsia came,

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and it changed the whole county.

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Today, this is the most wonderful place
in the whole world to live.

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And I kid you not.

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Gordon Hirabayashi.

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00:17:28,366 --> 00:17:31,002
He was a student
at the University of Washington,

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00:17:31,002 --> 00:17:32,275
a Quaker.

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00:17:32,275 --> 00:17:33,581
He was arrested,

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00:17:33,941 --> 00:17:35,329
convicted,

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imprisoned.

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The prosecuting attorneys
lied to the judges.

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00:17:48,614 --> 00:17:50,125
Yeah, he spent some time.

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00:17:50,125 --> 00:17:53,062
Now, his conviction was vacated.

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00:17:53,062 --> 00:17:54,858
Not overturned, vacated.

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00:17:56,237 --> 00:17:57,939
Gordon Hirabayashi said,

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00:17:59,107 --> 00:18:01,795
"Ancestry is not a crime."

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00:18:03,595 --> 00:18:08,783
Today, we would add,
"Islam is not a crime."

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00:18:11,685 --> 00:18:14,126
With our newfound energy,

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00:18:15,358 --> 00:18:17,467
we have a lot of work to do.

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00:18:17,838 --> 00:18:21,345
You know those, there was
a gentlemen who lived not too far

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00:18:21,345 --> 00:18:23,845
from Charlottesville, Virginia,

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00:18:23,845 --> 00:18:25,722
at a place called Monticello.

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00:18:26,649 --> 00:18:28,178
Thomas Jefferson,

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00:18:29,036 --> 00:18:32,060
"Eternal vigilance is a price of liberty."

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00:18:33,601 --> 00:18:36,685
It's up to us, all of us,

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00:18:37,085 --> 00:18:41,075
to work in peace,
and harmony, compassion,

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00:18:41,075 --> 00:18:43,718
to overcome hate and bigotry.

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00:18:43,718 --> 00:18:45,310
And we can do it.

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00:18:46,765 --> 00:18:48,233
Thank you.

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00:18:48,233 --> 00:18:49,744
(Applause)