[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Narrator: "Ancient Aliens" is an American
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,television series which premiered on April
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,20th, 2010 on the History Channel.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The program presents the so-called
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"ancient astronaut" theory which is
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the idea that extraterrestrials
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,visited the Earth in the ancient past
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that historical texts, archaeological
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,records, and various legends contain
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,evidence of this contact. I used to
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,believe that the ancient astronaut theory
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was true. I spent years learning about it
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the popular authors, from video
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,presentations and radio shows. I was an
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,enthusiastic promoter of this idea to my
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,friends and family. Although I no longer
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,feel that way, I want you to know that I
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have no personal reasons to reject
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this theory. My current worldview could
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,easily accommodate the existence
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of extraterrestrials. I hope you will come
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,away from this film, even if you disagree
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with it, saying that I fairly reviewed the
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,claims of "Ancient Aliens" without bias
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and with respect. I hope to show you that
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is not a matter of "Ancient Aliens"
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,getting a few details wrong here and
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there, and their main premise remaining
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,true. That is not an option in my opinion.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I hope to demonstrate to you, that they
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are wrong not on some, but on every single
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,point where they assert an ancient
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,astronaut theory to explain evidence and
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that often, they are using deceptive means
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to do this and sometimes even fabricating
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,evidence to make their points, as we will
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,see. I would also like the viewer to know
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that unlike many skeptics of the ancient
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,astronaut theory, I actually concede that
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,something out of the ordinary could have
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,occurred in the ancient past, and that
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are certain consistent themes in
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ancient mythologies and the like that
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,require good explanations, but I think
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you will quickly see that the ancient
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,astronaut theories do not explain this
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,evidence. You will notice a number that
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,appears periodically on the bottom right-
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hand corner of the screen throughout this
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,film. This number will appear when I am
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,making a claim that requires a reference
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order to back it up, and it will
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,correspond to a number on the companion
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,website, AncientAliensDebunked.com. This
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,film is divided into three main sections,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and each topic can be viewed independently
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the website, if you choose. I will
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,occasionally be joined by commentary from
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dr. Michael Heiser, one of the few actual
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,scholars who has been willing to interact
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the ancient astronaut theory. Dr.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Heiser has been one of the most articulate
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,proponents of the skeptical viewpoint of
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this theory, and has written papers and
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,books, as well as almost a dozen websites
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the issues we will be covering in this
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,film. We are happy to have him as part of
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this film, and we are happy to have you,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the viewer, here as well. I encourage you
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to have an open mind, and enjoy the film.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Brien Foerster: Pumapunku is so unique, in
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the way that it was constructed and shaped
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and positioned, that it is the most
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,intriguing ancient site on the planet.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Giorgio Tsoukalos: While the pyramids at
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Giza are incredible feat of achievement,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,compared to Pumapunku, the pyramids are
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,childplay. In my opinion, the most
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,significant piece of evidence that we have
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in this entire ancient astronaut puzzle,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is Pumapunku in the highland of Bolivia.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Narrator: Well, if Pumapunku is considered
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such good evidence for the ancient
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,astronaut theory, we should probably
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,start off by looking at it. After all,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's the one that they say was built
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,directly by extraterrestrials.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tsoukalos: Pumapunku is the only site on
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,planet Earth that, in my opinion, was
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,built directly by extraterrestrials.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Narrator: "Ancient Aliens" starts off with
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the false dilemma, by making people think
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it was absolutely impossible for
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ancient people to construct Pumapunku,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even to the point of making outright false
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,claims.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tsoukalos: One of the most intriguing
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,things there is that the stones that were
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,used there aren't sandstone. They are
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,granite and diorite. The only stone that's
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,harder than diorite is diamond so the only
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,way that this could have been achieved is
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if the tools were tipped with diamonds.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Narrator: This is funny because it's totally
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wrong. The stones are not granite or
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,diorite at Pumapunku. They are red
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sandstone and andesite. But this is also
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,funny because of the way that he says it.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tsoukalos: The stones that were used there
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,aren't sandstone. They are granite and
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,diorite.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Narrator: Well, actually it is sandstone.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can't blame him, though. It becomes
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,obvious that throughout the series, he
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,often just repeats things he's heard in
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Erich von Däniken's books. Von Däniken's
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,books are what the Ancient Aliens series
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is based on. Later, we see Erich von
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Däniken himself make the exact same
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,totally wrong claim.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Erich von Däniken: Of course made of
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stones found on Earth because you don't
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,transport granite or diorite from another
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,solar system.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Narrator: Von Däniken continues building
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,up this false dilemma.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Däniken: One of these platforms is 800
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tons.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Narrator: This is very incorrect. The
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,heaviest block at Pumapunku is 130 tons
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and most of the stones are much smaller
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than that so he's off by a whopping 670
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tons! Unfortunately, we will come to
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,expect this kind of thing from von Däniken
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as we progress. "Ancient Aliens" spends
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,quite a lot of time pointing out the
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,various features in the stonemasonry at
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pumapunku and then declaring it impossible
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to do without power tools.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,David Hatcher Childress: Each of these
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,small drill holes are basically evenly
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,spaced along this routered groove.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To me it's clear power tools have been
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,used on this unusual block of stone here.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Foerster: Well exactly. This surface is as
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,smooth as a table top, like in your
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,kitchen. There's no wave to it or
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,anything. This was machined.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Narrator: The sandstone and andesite
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stones at Pumapunku would have been easily
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,worked with the most basis stoneworking
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tools. The idea that diamond-tipped power
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,saws were needed is ridiculous. The red
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sandstone was relatively soft and easy to
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,work with and even though andesite is
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pretty hard, because of the way it cooled,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it could easily be flaked-off using stones
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as soft as 5.5 on the Mohs scale. Such
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pounding stones where found all over the
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,andesite quarries in the area. Contrary to
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Ancient Aliens" claims that
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,archaeologists are baffled by Pumapunku,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,archaeologists know the basics about how
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pumapunku's stones were cut and shaped.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is partly because there is evidence
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for this all over the site itself. They
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually used a method that almost all
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ancient stoneworkers used. They used hard
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pounding stones to pound-out troughs-like
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,depressions. Later on, they used flat
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stones and sand to grind the stone to make
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a polished surface. We will see later on
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that this also how the Egyptians thousands
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of years before this made their flat
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,surfaced granite monuments like obelisks.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sand, as we will see later when we look at
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Egypt, has extremely hard particles in it
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if placed between a flat surface and
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a rock, can polish even the hardest stones
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,known to man. In fact, the harder the
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stone is, the better it can be polished
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using sand. We will also see how sand can
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,turn a piece of copper into a very
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,efficient granite saw or granite drill, a
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,method which the Egyptians utilized quite
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,well. Some stones as Pumapunku that
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Ancient Aliens" would never show the
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cameras are the ones that are in the
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,middle of this process. They show that at
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,same time a stone was being pounded with
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stone hammers, which created these trough-
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like depressions, the grinding and
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,polishing was taking place on the other
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,end of the stone. Unfinished stones like
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this one clearly show how they were shaped
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it wasn't with lasers. There is also
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unmistakable evidence of stone hammers
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,having been used in places that were never
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,meant to be visible, like where certain
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stones would be connected with one another
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And because of that, it's hard for me to
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,believe Erich von Däniken in this next
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,clip because it would mean that the alien
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,toolbox had a laser gun right next to a
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stone hammer.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Däniken: Extraterrestrials arrive, the
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,spaceship stands in orbit. Only a smaller
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,space vehicle comes down like a space
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,shuttle. So, just to protect the
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instruments, they make overnight, with
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their technology, what we call a "base
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,camp." Of course made out of stones found
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on Earth, because you don't transport
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,granite or diorite from another solar
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,system. And then they disappeared, but the
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wall of their base camp is still there.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Narrator: It is true that stone tools
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would not be enough to construct Pumapunku
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially for some of the finer points.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For that, they would need metal chisels
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the equivalent of a carpenter's square
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Entire studies have been done detailing
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how these cuts were made, and nothing
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,spectacular is required except some metal
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tools like chisels. The arguments against
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this are usually either that a particular
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,culture did not yet know how to cast
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,metals, or that copper chisels would have
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,been too weak. On the first point, we know
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the pre-Incan Andean culture was very
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,skilled at fashioning metals and creating
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,metal alloys. In fact, the people who
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,built Pumapunku were even pouring copper
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,alloys into molds right on site, showing
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they had more than enough capability
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to form all kinds of metal tools. But the
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,question is, what about the tools'
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,strength? Well, even if they were pouring
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pure copper into a mold, it would still
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,work, but it would need sharpening often.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But because archaeologists actually found
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a few of these metal cramps used by them
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on site, we now know they were using a
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very strong copper-arsenic-nickel alloy,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which made a much stronger final product.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Arsenic acts as a deoxidant, preventing
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the metal from becoming too brittle, and
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nickel was used in copper alloys,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,specifically to make strong chisels.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once you understand that they had the
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ability to make strong metal tools in a
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,huge variety of shapes, there is no part
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of Pumapunku's stonework that would have
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,been too difficult for them. Well, what
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about these 90 degree right angles that
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Ancient Aliens" makes so much about?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Childress: One of the amazing things here
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at Pumapunku is the precision of the
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,blocks. You can see with this block of
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,granite, that it's really been cut at very
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,accurate right angles.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Narrator: To make flat surfaces with right
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,angles, you don't need alien technology.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You only need a square or a simple
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,equivalent. It's important to keep in mind
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that Pumapunku would have been built
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thousands of years after the Egyptians,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who had all kinds of squares and
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,plumb-bobs and levels and so on. It's a
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pretty basic stoneworking tool. That being
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,said, despite what "Ancient Aliens" says,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pumapunku is not all perfect right angles.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can even see this, ironically enough,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as the "Ancient Aliens" crew goes around
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with carpenter's squares. You can see that
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some of them are simply not square. Also,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they make claims like "all the H-blocks
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are the same dimensions," which they say
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,suggests that they were made by a big
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,machine. But not only would that not be
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the only conclusion if it were true. It's
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not even true. The dimensions of the
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,H-blocks are not all the same, though they
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are close. It's probably the case that
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they were made using the same plans.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Speaking of plans,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tsoukalos: Mainstream archaeologists say
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that Pumapunku was built by the Aymara
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Indians, and we would all have to agree
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that in order to build something like
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pumapunku, you need writing, you need
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,planning, and you need some sort of a idea
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where which piece goes and how it
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ultimately all fits together. But there is
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one thing that all the mainstream
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,archaeologists agree upon, that the Aymara
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,didn't have any writing. So how is it
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,possible that they built all of this
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without plans?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Narrator: The builders of Pumapunku may
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not have had an alphabet, but they did use
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the common iconography or artwork of their
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,culture called "Yaya-Mama." All the icons
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the site are Yaya-Mama, not secret
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,alien code, and this is but one of the
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,many indications of the culture and time
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it was built. But my point is, that
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like many cultures, they used pictures
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instead of an alphabet and most building
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,plans are done through pictures like
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,blueprints, for example. So saying that no
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,alphabet means no planning is pretty
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ridiculous in my opinion. Well, what about
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,moving the stones and lifting them into
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,place? Surely that would have required
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,levitation.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Childress: How these massive blocks of
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,granite were moved from their quarries
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and brought here to Pumapunku would have
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,required some kind of super technology:
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,levitation and anti-gravity, huge lifting
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,vehicles, something that ancient aliens
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would have had.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Narrator: If they did know how to levitate
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these stones, then they put far too much
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,effort into creating places in the stones
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to attach ropes to. Many stones at
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pumapunku have grooves several
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,centimeters in width and depth on two
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,adjacent faces for holding ropes. They
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even had special places cut into the
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stones that Pumapunku scholars call
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"hoisting grips," all very strange things
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to do if they could simply levitate these
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,blocks. And to make matters worse for the
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ancient astronaut theory here, according
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to archaeologist Jean-Pierre Protzen, who
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is an expert on Pumapunku, there is almost
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no stone at the Pumapunku site that does
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not have what he calls "drag marks" on
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one of its faces where it has been, well,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dragged to the site. "Ancient Aliens"
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,throws up another false dilemma here.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tsoukalos: What nobody talks about here
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the irrefutable fact that we are at an
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,altitude of 12,800 feet which means we are
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,above the natural tree line. No trees ever
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,grew in that area, meaning no trees were
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cut down in order to use wooden rollers.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The wooden roller theory falls by the
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wayside.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Narrator: This is like saying that there
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is not way the Egyptians used wood because
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,trees didn't grow in Egypt, which is true.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The difference is is that while the
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Egyptians had to import wood from places
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like Lebanon, it would have been far
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,easier for those at Pumapunku to solve
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this problem. All they would have had to
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,do is simply walk down the hill a little
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bit. OK, well what about this claim:
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tsoukalos: Logic does not exist at
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pumapunku because there, we have
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,megalithic structures which just lie about
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this entire site as if ripped apart by
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some sort of a great force.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Narrator: I propose that logic still
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,exists at Pumapunku and that the scattered
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,state of the complex can easily be
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,explained. Quoting from archaeologist
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Alexei Vranich "the high quality of the
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stones made it attractive building
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,material for houses, churches, plazas,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bridges, even railways." In other words,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the stones were pulled down and hauled off
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by locals for building material. In fact,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have the 400 year old writings of a
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,visitor to Pumapunku who said that the
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,looting was in full swing even back then.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He wrote that if the site was closer to
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,town, he didn't think that there would
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have been any stones left at all.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Ancient Aliens" says that Pumapunku is
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,17,000 years old. This is what Vranich
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,said of this claim: "The idea that
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tiwanaku is 14,000 years old is based on
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a rather faulty study done in 1926. Since
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then, there has been a huge quantity of
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,work both on the archaeology and geology
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the area and all data indicates that
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tiwanaku existed from around A.D. 300 to
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,500." For more information on the faulty
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,study he is referring to here, I will
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,quote at length from Jason Colavito,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who has been debunking ancient astronaut
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,theories for years in his books and blogs.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He said the following about this claim:
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Tiwanaku is not 17,000 years old. This
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,date derives from the work of Arthur
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Posnansky, who tried to apply
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,archaeolastronomy to the site but did so
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in ways that modern scholars do not
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,recognize as legitimate. Posnansky
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,proposed a date of 15,000 B.P. (before
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,present, i.e. 13,000 BCE), which the
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,geniuses on "Ancient Aliens" misread as
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,15,000 BCE, adding an extra 2,000 years
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,onto Posnansky's already flawed dates.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's what he did wrong. Posnansky
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,assumed that the Kalasasaya temple at
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tiwanaku was laid out with perfect
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,accuracy to align to the equinoxes and
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,solstices that he felt (but could not
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,prove) were important to the Tiwanaku
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people. Thus, on a certain day the sun was
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,supposed to rise above one rock at the
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,temple and set behind another. (Ah, but
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which rock should we choose?) Since the
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,current ruins do not align with these
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,celestial events accurately, he concluded
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the ruins must have been built at a
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,time when they would have aligned with
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that event. Since the sun and sky change
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,positions at a predictable rate due to the
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gradual changes in the angle of the
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Earth's axis, he concluded that the
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Kalasasaya temple was built in 13,000 BCE
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a solar observatory, despite no other
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,evidence of solar astronomy at the site.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The long and the short of it is that
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Posnansky assumed celestial alignments and
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,assumed flawless construction and then
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,used his assumptions to "prove" that his
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,assumptions were correct." Colavito also
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has this picture of the site with the
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,caption, "Pick a rock, any rock. One of
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,them must align with something." This
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,site has been dated using a huge variety
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of methods, things like carbon dating,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the type of metals they used, the debris
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,found in certain places, the type of
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,iconography they used. Literally every
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,kind of dating method applied comes to the
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,same conclusion. It was constructed in the
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,early Middle Ages. Before we conclude this
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,section on Pumapunku, there are two other
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,claims I wanted to address.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Däniken: The Spanish conqueror asked the
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Inca, the people living there, including
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the king of the Inca, 'What is this
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pumapunku?' And they all said 'It's not
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,us. Its not our forefather who make this.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This were made by the gods in one single
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,night.' Usually a king is proud about
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what his people did, about the precision
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so on. In that case, the chief of the
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people said 'No, it was not us. It was
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the gods who made it.'
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Narrator: If you understand a little about
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Incan imperial system and religion,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you will understand why the Incans didn't
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,claim the site, and even why they claimed
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it had a supernatural origin. Part
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the Incan state religion was that the
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Incan empire was the first civilization
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it was created by God Himself. It was
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a very convenient idea for bolstering the
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Incan case for the right to rule everyone
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,else. When the Incans arrived at
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pumapunku, the site had already been
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,abandoned for at least a hundred years.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Admitting that there was a pre-Incan
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,culture at all, let alone one with more
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,skill than them, would have been
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,detrimental to the whole scheme. So they
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,slightly modified their already existing
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mythology to include Pumapunku. So instead
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of Viracocha creating the Incan capital,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he also created Pumapunku. And just like
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that, the Incans were still the oldest and
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,greatest civilization, even though
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everyone probably knew it wasn't true.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And finally, "Ancient Aliens" says the
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,following about what the ancient local
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people believed regarding who constructed
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pumapunku:
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Ancient Aliens" Narrator: Local legends
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,suggest that Tiwanaku was built as a site
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of religious pilgrimage to celebrate the
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,arrival of sky gods.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Narrator: But this is a total lie.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Viracocha came from the sea, not from the
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sky. This is a very sneaky move by
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Ancient Aliens" in my opinion.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in conclusion, the stones are not made
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of granite and diorite, the stones were
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,easily workable with the tools available
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the Andean culture, tools which we
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,know included high-quality metal alloy
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,chisels. These tools would have been more
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than sufficient to make the angles seen at
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pumapunku. The faces of the rocks have
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,been finished using a polishing technique
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after being rough cut using stone hammers
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,evidenced by the unfinished stones and
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hidden areas of the finished stones. The
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,moving of the stones was not as difficult
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as "Ancient Aliens" makes it seem,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially when you take into account that
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they are telling people that the stones
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,weigh 600 tons more that they actually do.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The stones have telltale drag marks and
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hoisting holes for ropes, all showing that
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they were not levitated as "Ancient Aliens
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would have us believe. We know the culture
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which built this monument and all the
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,iconography and sculptures are consistent
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with that culture. And the various methods
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of dating that scientists use all point
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the same time period. The idea that
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pumapunku was from Atlantean times we
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now know is based on a very transparently
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,flawed presupposition.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AA Narrator: Perhaps the most familiar
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and most mysterious megalithic structure
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in all the world is the Great Pyramid of
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Giza. The enormous size and weight of the
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stones, multiplied by the sheer number of
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,them, makes one thing certain: the
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,construction of the Great Pyramid remains
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one of the greatest marvels and mysteries
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of architectural engineering.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Narrator: The Pyramids at Giza are marvels
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of engineering, and there are many
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,theories about how they were constructed,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the mundane to the fantastic.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,George Noory: There are all kinds of
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,theories on how the Great Pyramid of Giza
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was built. So many theories, you just sit
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,back and shake your head. And that
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,includes E.T. visitations, levitating the
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,blocks with some kind of sound system.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Narrator: One place we can learn a lot
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about Egyptian stone cutting methods is
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the so-called "unfinished obelisk."
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here we have a 1,000 ton obelisk made of
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,granite, which was abandoned midway
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through the project because of a crack
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that developed. This stone, because it is
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unfinished, gives us direct insight into
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how they cut and shaped granite, as well
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as other stones. On the sides we can see
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how these stones were separated from the
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,quarry. A team of workers would line up
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,side-by-side and pound their sections
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a diorite pounding stone. Such
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pounding stones can be found all over this
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and other quarries in Egypt. This pounding
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,only broke off millimeters of granite at a
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,time, but eventually these trough-like
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sections emerged at each worker's station.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After that, they would do the same thing
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the bottom of the block, until it was
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,supported only by a thin spine in the
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,middle. Then it would be snapped off using
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,levers. The people who created the Moai
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,statues at Easter Island used very similar
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,methods for quarrying stone, as did many
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,other groups around the world, as we will
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,see. After the stones had been roughly
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,shaped using pounding stones, they would
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then begin to polish them with grinders.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There have been many types of stone
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,grinders or polishers found in ancient
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Egypt. They usually had a handle with a
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,flat surface, which they would use to rub
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,against the stone with sand as the
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,abrasive. They were, well, sanding the
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stone. The various mineral particles found
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in sand are hard enough not only to polish
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hard stones like granite, but also to do
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what "Ancient Aliens" tries to make people
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,think is utterly impossible. That is, to
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cut granite. The Egyptians had a variety
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of ways to cut granite, mostly involving
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,copper and sand. There are plenty of saw
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,marks on granite stones in Egypt. At the
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,granite quarries, of course, as well as
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,certain notable ones like the famous
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,granite sarcophagus in the Great Pyramid.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The person who is doing the sawing on the
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sarcophagus sawed for a while at the wrong
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,angle before realizing his mistake and
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,going in the right direction, which left
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a pretty big mark for us to study. These
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,copper saws came in three basic styles.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One was a two-person saw, like an old-time
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lumber saw. Another type was a small hand-
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,held saw with a wooden handle. And finally
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there was a tubular saw for making holes
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in granite and other stones. These saws
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are depicted in several Egyptian reliefs.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Interestingly, they didn't require saw
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,teeth to work. They only required sand to
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,be placed between the saw and the stones.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The sand was what did the cutting. This
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,particular method of stone cutting has
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,been tested by ancient Egyptian tool
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,experts, and not only was it done, but it
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was apparently quite easy to do. However,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sawing granite with copper was expensive
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the copper would wear out somewhat
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,quickly. Therefore, you mostly see granite
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in ancient Egypt being worked with
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pounding stones, finished with grinders
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and chisels. The saw work was reserved
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,primarily for royal projects like that of
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the sarcophagus. All of this really makes
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Ancient Aliens" lose credibility because
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all throughout the series, they make it
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sound like working with granite was only
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,possible using diamond-tipped alien power
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tools. But, as all this related to the
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Great Pyramid's construction, it's
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,important to remember that almost none of
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the pyramid is made from granite, except
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for a few things like the roof supports
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the King's Chamber. Most of the stone
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was sandstone and limestone. About 85%
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the stone used in the construction of
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the pyramids was relatively soft sandstone
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was quarried right on site. That's
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,right, the Great Pyramid was built right
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the middle of a massive sandstone
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,quarry, which was no doubt at least one
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,factor in choosing the location to build
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it. The other 15% of the stones, like that
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of limestone and granite, would have to be
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,brought in from a slightly further away
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,location. So, this raises another question
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What about moving these stones? Surely,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the only way is by levitation, as "Ancient
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Aliens" claims.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Childress: In order to really move massive
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,amounts of stone like that, they would
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have had to been levitated. Somehow made
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,weightless and then just moved through the
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,air by some kind of device, perhaps even a
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hand-held kind of device, like some beam
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,weapon.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Narrator: If levitation was the way that
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the ancient Egyptians moved stones, they
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had a funny way of showing it because
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are plenty of depictions of them
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using wooden sleds to move everything from
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,blocks the size and shape of the ones used
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the pyramid, to massive 1,000 ton
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,monuments and obelisks, all using wooden
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sleds. They even had a hieroglyph for the
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,word "sled," which they used often. In
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fact, three such sleds have been found
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,intact by archaeologists and they have all
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,kinds of places to attach ropes to.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Speaking of ropes, ropes made out of
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,papyrus and other materials have been
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,found in Egypt, some of them with a
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,massive circumference, suggesting they
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were used for extremely heavy objects.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Boats were used for stones that needed
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be imported. In fact, a channel was
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dug from the Nile to the construction site
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so no stone had to be dragged very far
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,anyway. So, what about the construction
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the pyramids, how exactly was it done?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Part of the reason the "Ancient Aliens"
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,perspective is attractive is because some
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the other popular theories concerning
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the pyramid's construction have problems,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as the single ramp theory, which
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would have had to extend out more than a
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mile and would have had to have more
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stones in it than the pyramid itself.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another one is the spiral ramp theory.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This one is problematic because some of
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the ledges only had about 2 feet or less
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to work with, certainly not enough to hold
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a ledge that would carry workers and
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stones the size of the ones used. Also,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a structure like the pyramid would have
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had to have been constantly monitored for
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,geometric accuracy as it progressed
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,upwards, because being even a few inches
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,off on a lower level could cause the top
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be off by a huge amount, and a spiral
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ramp would have made it impossible to
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,survey the geometric accuracy of the
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pyramid as it progressed. Add to this that
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is no actual evidence for either of
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those theories, and you can see why people
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are looking for alternative. While doing
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,research for this documentary, I came
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,across a new theory about the pyramid's
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,construction that I had not heard before.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At first I planned to mention it only
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,briefly, but the more I heard of this
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,theory, the more convinced I became of
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,its validity. It was proposed not by an
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Egyptologist, but by an eccentric French
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,architect named Jean-Pierre Houdin, and if
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Jean-Pierre is correct, knowing how the
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,blocks were raised in the pyramid also
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,happens to explain some of the other
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mysteries, like the purpose for the odd
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,shaped Grand Gallery, as well as the
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,purpose of the granite blocks above the
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,King's Chamber, and why there were 3
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,burial chambers cut at different levels
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the pyramid, 2 of which were unused.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I will very briefly explain this theory
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I highly encourage you to visit the
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,links at the website on your screen
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the specifics of this theory are
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,something that any pyramid enthusiast
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,should be very familiar with, in my
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,opinion. The basic idea is that there was
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an internal ramp in the Great Pyramid and
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,workers dragged the blocks through it
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until they reached the corners, at which
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,point the the block was repositioned for
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,another team to pull it up the next ramp.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also, the exterior limestone blocks with
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the polished finish would have been
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,positioned and aligned first to ensure
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,geometric accuracy and then the sandstone
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,blocks would have been positioned behind
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,them as filler. This would mean that all
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the internal chambers like the Queen and
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,King's Chamber were built as the pyramid
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,progressed upward in the light of day.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This internal ramp theory, unlike some of
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the others, is actually supported quite a
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lot of physical evidence. For example,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the 1980's, a French team looking for
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hidden chambers conducted a full-scale
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gravimetric survey of the Great Pyramid,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,kind of like a giant x-ray map of the
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,entire pyramid. They actually found
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,evidence of this internal ramp through
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their study, but they had no idea what to
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,think of the spiral pattern they saw at
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the time, so they