WEBVTT 00:00:04.505 --> 00:00:06.235 Our main story tonight 00:00:06.235 --> 00:00:07.780 is government surveillance. 00:00:07.780 --> 00:00:09.251 And I realize most people 00:00:09.258 --> 00:00:10.478 would rather have a conversation 00:00:10.478 --> 00:00:12.758 about literally any other topic. 00:00:12.768 --> 00:00:14.258 Including: 'Is my smartphone 00:00:14.268 --> 00:00:15.203 giving me cancer? 00:00:15.203 --> 00:00:17.077 To which the answer is: probably. 00:00:17.077 --> 00:00:19.250 Or: Do goldfish suffer from depression? 00:00:19.250 --> 00:00:20.756 To which the answer is: 00:00:20.756 --> 00:00:22.749 Yes, but very briefly. 00:00:22.749 --> 00:00:24.742 But the fact is... 00:00:24.742 --> 00:00:26.242 it is vital 00:00:26.242 --> 00:00:27.529 that we have a discussion about this now. 00:00:27.529 --> 00:00:30.260 Because an important date is just around the corner. 00:00:30.260 --> 00:00:32.776 One big day to circle on the calendar, 00:00:32.776 --> 00:00:34.748 when it comes to a very controversial subject. 00:00:34.748 --> 00:00:36.952 The re-authorization of the Patriot Act, 00:00:36.952 --> 00:00:38.232 and all of the controversial 00:00:38.234 --> 00:00:39.264 provisions therein. 00:00:39.264 --> 00:00:41.036 June 1 they've got to come to an agreement 00:00:41.036 --> 00:00:43.306 to re-authorize or curttail those programs. 00:00:43.314 --> 00:00:46.170 Yes. Some controversial provisions within 00:00:46.170 --> 00:00:48.183 the Patriot Act are set to expire 00:00:48.183 --> 00:00:49.442 on June 1. 00:00:49.442 --> 00:00:51.063 So circle that date 00:00:51.063 --> 00:00:52.209 on your calendars, everyone. 00:00:52.209 --> 00:00:53.475 And while you're at it: 00:00:53.475 --> 00:00:54.798 Circle June 2 as well. 00:00:54.798 --> 00:00:56.698 Because that's Justin Long's birthday. 00:00:56.698 --> 00:00:58.674 You all forgot last year... 00:00:58.674 --> 00:01:00.989 and he f*cking noticed. 00:01:00.989 --> 00:01:04.264 Now, over the last couple of years, 00:01:04.264 --> 00:01:05.858 you've probably heard a lot about 00:01:05.858 --> 00:01:07.663 strange-sounding programs. Such as: 00:01:07.663 --> 00:01:10.527 X-Keyscore, Muscular, Prism, and Mystic. 00:01:10.527 --> 00:01:12.656 Which are, coincidentally, also the names 00:01:12.656 --> 00:01:13.691 of some of Florida's 00:01:13.691 --> 00:01:16.247 least popular stripclubs. 00:01:16.247 --> 00:01:17.462 "Welcome to X-Keyscore! 00:01:17.462 --> 00:01:19.472 Our dancers are fully un-redacted 00:01:19.472 --> 00:01:21.819 and Tuesday is wing-night!" 00:01:22.719 --> 00:01:24.749 But if you don't mind, I would like 00:01:24.749 --> 00:01:26.746 to refresh your memory over some of this. 00:01:26.746 --> 00:01:28.296 And let's start our focussing on the most 00:01:28.296 --> 00:01:30.340 controversial portion of the Patriot Act 00:01:30.340 --> 00:01:31.897 that is up for renewal: 00:01:31.897 --> 00:01:33.536 Section 215. 00:01:33.536 --> 00:01:35.928 Which, I'm aware, sounds like the name 00:01:35.928 --> 00:01:37.846 of an Eastern European boy-band. 00:01:37.846 --> 00:01:39.389 "We are Section 215." 00:01:39.389 --> 00:01:41.252 "Prepare to have your hearts..." 00:01:41.252 --> 00:01:43.456 "throbbed." 00:01:43.456 --> 00:01:47.697 There's the cute one, the bad-boy, 00:01:47.697 --> 00:01:49.094 the one who strangled a potato-farmer, 00:01:49.094 --> 00:01:50.930 and the one without an iron-deficiency. 00:01:50.930 --> 00:01:52.220 They're incredible. 00:01:52.622 --> 00:01:56.092 But the content of the real Section 215 00:01:56.092 --> 00:01:58.726 is actually even more sinister. 00:01:58.726 --> 00:02:00.809 It's called Section 215. 00:02:00.809 --> 00:02:02.784 Nicknamed: the library records provision. 00:02:02.784 --> 00:02:04.613 Which allows the Government to require 00:02:04.613 --> 00:02:06.717 businesses to hand over records of any 00:02:06.717 --> 00:02:09.248 "any tangible things" 00:02:09.248 --> 00:02:11.114 including: books, records, papers, 00:02:11.114 --> 00:02:12.738 documents, and other items. 00:02:12.738 --> 00:02:15.092 If that sounds broad, it's because 00:02:15.092 --> 00:02:16.763 it was very much written that way. 00:02:16.763 --> 00:02:18.620 Section 215 says the Government can ask 00:02:18.620 --> 00:02:21.712 for "any tangible things" so long as it's 00:02:21.712 --> 00:02:23.838 "for an investigation to protect 00:02:23.838 --> 00:02:25.469 against international terrorism". 00:02:25.469 --> 00:02:27.219 Which is basically a blank cheque. 00:02:27.219 --> 00:02:28.872 It's letting a teenager borrow the car, 00:02:28.872 --> 00:02:30.666 under the strict condition that they 00:02:30.666 --> 00:02:33.042 only use it for 'car-related activities'. 00:02:33.042 --> 00:02:35.222 "Okay, mom and dad, I'm gonna use this 00:02:35.230 --> 00:02:37.482 for a hand-job in a Wendy's parking lot, 00:02:37.482 --> 00:02:38.699 but that is car-related, 00:02:38.699 --> 00:02:40.479 so I think I'm covered." 00:02:41.345 --> 00:02:43.143 Section 215 is overseen 00:02:43.143 --> 00:02:44.884 by a secret intelligence-court, 00:02:44.884 --> 00:02:46.455 known as the FISA-court. 00:02:46.455 --> 00:02:48.116 And they've interpreted it to mean 00:02:48.116 --> 00:02:49.261 the Government could basically 00:02:49.261 --> 00:02:50.832 collect and store phone-records for 00:02:50.832 --> 00:02:52.285 every American. 00:02:52.285 --> 00:02:54.538 The vast majority of whom, of course, have 00:02:54.538 --> 00:02:56.328 no connection to terrorism. 00:02:56.328 --> 00:02:58.811 Unless, Aunt Cheryl has been gravely 00:02:58.811 --> 00:03:00.463 mis-characterizing the activities 00:03:00.463 --> 00:03:01.976 of her needle-point club. 00:03:01.976 --> 00:03:03.372 "It's a sleeper-cell!" 00:03:03.372 --> 00:03:05.288 "Isn't is, Aunt Cheryl?" 00:03:05.288 --> 00:03:06.755 "You will hang for this, Aunt Cheryl. 00:03:06.755 --> 00:03:08.736 You're a traiter and a terrible aunt. 00:03:08.736 --> 00:03:10.676 Not in that order." 00:03:11.696 --> 00:03:14.265 Now, the Government will point out 00:03:14.265 --> 00:03:17.205 that under 215, they hold phone-records, 00:03:17.205 --> 00:03:19.315 and not the calls themselves. 00:03:19.315 --> 00:03:24.283 What the intelligence-community is doing, 00:03:24.283 --> 00:03:27.803 is looking at phone-numbers, 00:03:29.829 --> 00:03:31.337 and durations of calls, 00:03:31.337 --> 00:03:34.020 they are not looking at peoples names, 00:03:34.020 --> 00:03:36.380 and they are not looking at content. 00:03:37.103 --> 00:03:39.873 Yes, but that's not entirely reassuring. 00:03:39.873 --> 00:03:41.766 Because you can extrapolate a lot 00:03:41.766 --> 00:03:43.106 from that information. 00:03:43.106 --> 00:03:45.428 If they knew that you'd called your ex 00:03:45.428 --> 00:03:48.412 12 times last night, between 1 and 4 AM, 00:03:48.412 --> 00:03:50.726 for a duration of 15 minutes each time, 00:03:50.726 --> 00:03:52.725 they can be fairly sure that you left 00:03:52.725 --> 00:03:54.751 some pretty pathetic voice-mails. 00:03:54.751 --> 00:03:55.791 "I don't care 00:03:55.792 --> 00:03:57.336 whose monitoring this call, Vicky." 00:03:57.336 --> 00:03:58.524 "We should be together!" 00:03:58.524 --> 00:04:00.201 Pick up the phone, dammit! 00:04:00.201 --> 00:04:02.701 I'm a human being, not an animal!" 00:04:03.580 --> 00:04:05.316 Now, the Patriot-act was written 00:04:05.316 --> 00:04:07.017 just after 9-11. 00:04:07.017 --> 00:04:08.444 And for years it was extended 00:04:08.444 --> 00:04:09.591 and re-authorized 00:04:09.591 --> 00:04:11.444 with barely a passing thought. 00:04:11.444 --> 00:04:13.189 In fact, it became so routine, 00:04:13.189 --> 00:04:16.005 that when it was extended in 2011, 00:04:16.005 --> 00:04:17.722 one newscast just tacked it 00:04:17.722 --> 00:04:19.170 onto the end of a report 00:04:19.170 --> 00:04:20.963 about a Presidential trip abroad. 00:04:20.963 --> 00:04:22.276 Chip Reid. CBS-news. 00:04:22.276 --> 00:04:23.664 Travelling with the President 00:04:23.664 --> 00:04:25.079 in Deauville, France. 00:04:25.079 --> 00:04:26.650 Also in France, by the way, 00:04:26.650 --> 00:04:28.249 President Obama signed in a law, 00:04:28.249 --> 00:04:29.626 4- year extension 00:04:29.626 --> 00:04:32.133 of the terrorism fighting Patriot-Act. 00:04:32.133 --> 00:04:34.903 Also in France, by the way? 00:04:34.903 --> 00:04:36.125 By the way? 00:04:36.125 --> 00:04:37.170 He threw that in, 00:04:37.170 --> 00:04:39.029 like a mother telling her grown daughter 00:04:39.029 --> 00:04:40.536 that a childhood pet just died. 00:04:40.536 --> 00:04:42.253 "Oh, nice talking to you, sweety. 00:04:42.253 --> 00:04:44.114 Also, by the way, Mr. Peppers is dead. 00:04:44.114 --> 00:04:45.934 See you at Christmas." BANG 00:04:47.019 --> 00:04:48.356 But all of that, 00:04:48.356 --> 00:04:50.491 was before the public was made aware 00:04:50.491 --> 00:04:52.081 of what the Government's capabilities 00:04:52.081 --> 00:04:53.480 actually were. 00:04:53.480 --> 00:04:57.137 'Cause that all ended in June of 2013. 00:04:57.137 --> 00:04:58.335 Edward Snowden has just 00:04:58.335 --> 00:05:00.047 taken responsibility for one of the 00:05:00.047 --> 00:05:02.797 biggest government leaks in US history. 00:05:02.797 --> 00:05:04.101 We learned that the government has the 00:05:04.101 --> 00:05:05.770 capacity to track virtually every American 00:05:05.770 --> 00:05:07.520 phone-call, and to scoop up 00:05:07.520 --> 00:05:09.738 impossibly vast quantities of data 00:05:09.738 --> 00:05:10.860 across the internet. 00:05:10.860 --> 00:05:12.769 Revelations that the NSA eavesdropped 00:05:12.769 --> 00:05:13.859 on world leaders. 00:05:13.859 --> 00:05:15.196 If you've ever been to the Bahamas, 00:05:15.196 --> 00:05:17.197 the NSA could've recorded your phone-calls 00:05:17.197 --> 00:05:19.496 and stored them up to a month. 00:05:19.496 --> 00:05:21.674 All that information was exposed 00:05:21.674 --> 00:05:22.766 by Edward Snowden. 00:05:22.766 --> 00:05:24.557 And it is still kind of incredible, 00:05:24.557 --> 00:05:26.691 that a 29-year-old contractor 00:05:26.691 --> 00:05:28.189 was able to steal top-secret documents 00:05:28.189 --> 00:05:29.579 from an organization 00:05:29.579 --> 00:05:31.991 that LITERALLY has the word 'security' 00:05:31.991 --> 00:05:33.411 in it's name. 00:05:34.053 --> 00:05:35.492 Clearly, that was not great for them. 00:05:35.492 --> 00:05:36.789 Because the only place where it should 00:05:36.789 --> 00:05:37.671 be THAT easy 00:05:37.671 --> 00:05:39.316 for employees in their 20-ies to steal 00:05:39.316 --> 00:05:40.958 is a Lids store. 00:05:40.958 --> 00:05:43.241 "Dude, you sure we should take this?" 00:05:43.241 --> 00:05:45.556 "Relax, dude, it's a Miami Marlins-cap, 00:05:45.556 --> 00:05:46.558 we're not exactly selling 00:05:46.558 --> 00:05:48.198 Fabergé eggs here." 00:05:49.261 --> 00:05:51.221 It is still unclear, 00:05:51.221 --> 00:05:52.944 exactly how many documents 00:05:52.944 --> 00:05:54.471 Edward Snowden stole. 00:05:54.471 --> 00:05:55.864 Although he is consistently trying 00:05:55.864 --> 00:05:57.266 to re-assure people that he put them 00:05:57.266 --> 00:05:58.456 in good hands. 00:05:59.011 --> 00:06:01.217 Honestly, I don't want to be the person 00:06:01.217 --> 00:06:03.079 making the decisions about what should 00:06:03.079 --> 00:06:04.585 be public and what shouldn't. 00:06:04.585 --> 00:06:05.651 Which is why I 00:06:05.651 --> 00:06:08.067 rather than publishing these on my own 00:06:08.067 --> 00:06:10.449 or putting them out openly, 00:06:10.449 --> 00:06:12.276 I'm running them through journalists. 00:06:12.276 --> 00:06:13.938 Well, that sounds great. 00:06:13.938 --> 00:06:15.892 But of course it's not a fail-safe plan. 00:06:15.892 --> 00:06:17.435 As was proven when the New York Times 00:06:17.435 --> 00:06:19.085 published this slide, 00:06:19.085 --> 00:06:20.517 but did such a sloppy job 00:06:20.517 --> 00:06:22.528 of blocking out redacted information, 00:06:22.528 --> 00:06:23.989 that some people were able to read 00:06:23.989 --> 00:06:26.096 the information behind that black bar, 00:06:26.096 --> 00:06:27.691 which concerned how the US was monitoring 00:06:27.691 --> 00:06:28.843 Al Qaida in Mosul. 00:06:28.843 --> 00:06:31.260 A group now known as ISIS. 00:06:31.260 --> 00:06:32.233 So essentially, 00:06:32.233 --> 00:06:33.975 a national security secret was leaked, 00:06:33.975 --> 00:06:35.235 because no-one at the Times 00:06:35.235 --> 00:06:37.825 knows how to use Microsoft Paint. 00:06:39.056 --> 00:06:41.286 And look, you can think 00:06:41.286 --> 00:06:43.591 that Snowden did the wrong thing, or 00:06:43.591 --> 00:06:44.845 did it in the wrong way. 00:06:44.845 --> 00:06:46.066 But the fact is: 00:06:46.066 --> 00:06:47.442 we have this information now, 00:06:47.442 --> 00:06:49.018 and we no longer get the luxury 00:06:49.018 --> 00:06:50.898 of pleading ignorance. 00:06:50.898 --> 00:06:52.677 It's like you can't go to Sea World 00:06:52.677 --> 00:06:54.768 and pretend that Shamu's happy anymore. 00:06:54.768 --> 00:06:56.275 When we now know 00:06:56.275 --> 00:06:58.006 at least half the water in her tank 00:06:58.006 --> 00:06:59.486 is whale-tears. 00:06:59.486 --> 00:07:01.149 We know that now. 00:07:01.149 --> 00:07:03.339 You can't un-know that information. 00:07:04.051 --> 00:07:06.326 So you have to bear that in mind. 00:07:06.326 --> 00:07:07.757 But here's the thing: 00:07:07.757 --> 00:07:09.266 It's now 2 years later, 00:07:09.266 --> 00:07:10.866 and it seems like we've kind of 00:07:10.866 --> 00:07:12.414 forgotten to have a debate 00:07:12.414 --> 00:07:14.104 over the content of what Snowden leaked. 00:07:14.104 --> 00:07:15.969 A recent Pew-report found that nearly 00:07:15.969 --> 00:07:17.858 half of Americans say that they're 00:07:17.858 --> 00:07:19.095 'not very concerned' 00:07:19.095 --> 00:07:20.870 or 'not at all concerned' 00:07:20.870 --> 00:07:22.462 about government surveillance. 00:07:22.462 --> 00:07:23.530 Which is fine. 00:07:23.530 --> 00:07:25.320 If that's an informed opinion. 00:07:25.320 --> 00:07:26.994 But I'm not sure that it is. 00:07:26.994 --> 00:07:28.996 Because we actually sent a camera-crew 00:07:28.996 --> 00:07:30.785 to Times Square to ask 00:07:30.785 --> 00:07:32.162 some random passers by 00:07:32.162 --> 00:07:33.215 who Edward Snowden was 00:07:33.215 --> 00:07:34.426 and what he did. 00:07:34.426 --> 00:07:36.676 And there are the responses that we got. 00:07:36.676 --> 00:07:38.821 I have no idea who Edward Snowden is. 00:07:38.821 --> 00:07:41.801 Have no idea who Edward Snowden is. 00:07:41.808 --> 00:07:44.674 I've heard the name, I just can't picture, 00:07:44.674 --> 00:07:46.766 think right now exactly what it is. 00:07:46.766 --> 00:07:48.558 Edward Snowden... 00:07:48.558 --> 00:07:50.446 No. I do not. 00:07:50.446 --> 00:07:51.903 Just for the record, that wasn't 00:07:51.903 --> 00:07:53.475 that wasn't cherry picking. 00:07:53.475 --> 00:07:55.365 That was entirely reflective 00:07:55.365 --> 00:07:56.671 of everyone we spoke to. 00:07:56.671 --> 00:07:58.000 Although, to be fair 00:07:58.000 --> 00:07:59.261 some people did remember his name, 00:07:59.261 --> 00:08:01.320 they just couldn't remember why. 00:08:01.320 --> 00:08:04.054 He sold some information to people. 00:08:04.054 --> 00:08:06.270 He revealed some information 00:08:06.270 --> 00:08:09.094 that shouldn't have been revealed. 00:08:09.094 --> 00:08:10.624 I think from what I remember, 00:08:10.624 --> 00:08:12.423 is that the information that he shared 00:08:12.423 --> 00:08:14.153 was detrimental to our military secrets? 00:08:14.153 --> 00:08:16.206 And keeping our soldiers and our country 00:08:16.206 --> 00:08:16.956 safe? 00:08:16.956 --> 00:08:19.340 He leaked documents what the Army's 00:08:19.340 --> 00:08:20.803 operations in Iraq. 00:08:20.803 --> 00:08:22.828 Edward Snowden revealed a bunch of 00:08:22.828 --> 00:08:24.978 of secrets, I guess, or information 00:08:24.978 --> 00:08:26.384 into Wiki, Wikileaks? 00:08:26.384 --> 00:08:27.888 Edward Snowden leaked... 00:08:27.888 --> 00:08:29.445 Ah, he's in charge of Wikileaks? 00:08:29.445 --> 00:08:30.939 Edward Snowden revealed a lot of 00:08:30.939 --> 00:08:32.689 documents through Wikileaks...? 00:08:34.991 --> 00:08:36.291 Okay, so here's the thing: 00:08:36.291 --> 00:08:37.824 Edward Snowden is NOT the Wikileaks guy. 00:08:37.824 --> 00:08:40.815 The Wikileaks guy is Julian Assange. 00:08:40.815 --> 00:08:42.554 And you do not want 00:08:42.554 --> 00:08:43.760 to be confused with him. 00:08:43.760 --> 00:08:45.378 Partly because he was far less careful 00:08:45.378 --> 00:08:47.569 than Snowden in what he released, 00:08:47.569 --> 00:08:48.393 and how. 00:08:48.393 --> 00:08:50.035 And partly because he resembles 00:08:50.035 --> 00:08:52.170 a sandwich-bag full of biscuit-dough 00:08:52.170 --> 00:08:54.139 wearing a Stevie Nicks-wig. 00:08:54.139 --> 00:08:56.553 And that is, that is ciritical. 00:08:56.553 --> 00:08:58.965 Julian Assange is not a like-able man. 00:08:58.965 --> 00:09:01.556 Even Benedict Cumberbatch could not 00:09:01.556 --> 00:09:03.312 make him like-able. 00:09:03.312 --> 00:09:05.422 He's un-Cumberbatch-able. 00:09:06.114 --> 00:09:07.271 That was supposed to be 00:09:07.271 --> 00:09:08.881 physically impossible. 00:09:09.442 --> 00:09:10.640 But I don't blame people 00:09:10.640 --> 00:09:11.848 for being confused. 00:09:11.848 --> 00:09:13.122 We've been looking at this story 00:09:13.122 --> 00:09:14.556 for the last 2 weeks, 00:09:14.556 --> 00:09:17.192 and it is hard to get your head around. 00:09:17.192 --> 00:09:18.807 Not just because there are so many 00:09:18.807 --> 00:09:20.769 complicated programs to keep track of, 00:09:20.769 --> 00:09:21.963 but also because 00:09:21.963 --> 00:09:23.787 there are no easy answers here. 00:09:23.787 --> 00:09:26.316 We all naturally want perfect privacy, 00:09:26.316 --> 00:09:28.536 and perfect safety. 00:09:28.536 --> 00:09:31.170 But those 2 things cannot coexist. 00:09:31.170 --> 00:09:32.565 It's like how you can't have 00:09:32.565 --> 00:09:34.695 a badass pet falcon... 00:09:34.695 --> 00:09:37.235 and an adorable pet vole named Herbert. 00:09:39.140 --> 00:09:41.397 Either you have to lose one of them, 00:09:41.397 --> 00:09:43.310 which obviously you don't want to do. 00:09:43.310 --> 00:09:45.159 Or you have to accept some reasonable 00:09:45.159 --> 00:09:46.899 restrictions on both of them. 00:09:47.702 --> 00:09:49.925 Now to be fair, the NSA will argue 00:09:49.925 --> 00:09:52.092 that just because they can do something 00:09:52.092 --> 00:09:53.612 doesn't mean they do do it. 00:09:53.612 --> 00:09:55.424 And, that there are restrictions 00:09:55.424 --> 00:09:57.039 on their operations, 00:09:57.039 --> 00:09:58.368 such as the FISA-court, 00:09:58.368 --> 00:10:00.587 which must approve requests for 00:10:00.587 --> 00:10:01.692 foreign surveillance. 00:10:01.692 --> 00:10:02.318 But. 00:10:02.318 --> 00:10:04.775 In 34 years, that court has approved 00:10:04.775 --> 00:10:07.116 over 35000 applications, 00:10:07.116 --> 00:10:09.146 and only rejected 12. 00:10:10.101 --> 00:10:12.677 Yes. Much like Robert Durst's second wife. 00:10:12.677 --> 00:10:16.156 The FISA-court is alarmingly accepting. 00:10:16.156 --> 00:10:18.073 "Listen, Robert" 00:10:18.073 --> 00:10:20.399 "I'm not gonna ask you too many questions. 00:10:20.399 --> 00:10:22.456 I'm just gonna give you the benefit of a 00:10:22.456 --> 00:10:24.302 doubt that you clearly don't deserve." 00:10:24.302 --> 00:10:27.522 At least tell him to blink and burp less. 00:10:29.366 --> 00:10:31.980 The burping might be the most troubling 00:10:31.980 --> 00:10:33.740 thing about that show. 00:10:35.403 --> 00:10:38.052 So, so maybe there's time for us to talk. 00:10:38.052 --> 00:10:39.961 About where the limits should be. 00:10:39.961 --> 00:10:41.971 And the best place to start would be 00:10:41.984 --> 00:10:43.840 Section 215. 00:10:43.840 --> 00:10:48.020 Not just because it's the easiest one 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to understand, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but there is wide-spread agreement 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 it needs to be reformed. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 From the President, to Ted Cruz, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to both the ACLU and the NRA, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to even the guy who wrote the thing 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 in the first place. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I was the principal author 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 of the Patriot Act. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I can say that without qualification 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Congress never did intend to allow 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 bulk-collections when it passed 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Section 215. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And no fair reading of the text would 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 allow for this program. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Think about that. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 He was the author. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 That's the legislative equivalent 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 of Lewis Carrol seeing the tea-cups ride 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 at Disney Land, and saying: 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 "This has got to be reined in. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 No fair reading of my text would allow 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 for this ride." 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 "You've turned my perfectly nice 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 tail of psychedelic paedofilia 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 into a garish vomitorium." 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 "This is not what I wanted!" 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And even the NSA has said that 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 the number of terror-plots 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 in the US, that the Section 215 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 phone-records program has disrupted is 1. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And it's worth noting that that 1 plot 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 involved a cabdriver in San Diego 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 who gave $8500 to a terror-group. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And that is the shittiest terrorist-plot 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I've ever seen, other than the plot of 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 A Good Day To Die Hard. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 But here's the big problem here: 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 If we let Section 215 get renewed in it's 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 current form, without serious public 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 debate, we're in trouble. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Because Section 215 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 is the canary in the coalmine. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 If we cannot fix that, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 we're not gonna fix any of them. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And the public debate so far, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 has been absolutely pathetic. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 A year ago, a former congresswoman 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 was discussing the 215 program on the news. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Watch wat happened. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 This vast collection of data 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 is not that useful, and infringes 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 substantially on personal privacy. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I think at this point we should seriously 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 consider not continuing... 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Congress woman, let me interrupt you. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Let me interrupt you just for one moment. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 We've got some breaking news out of Miami. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Stand by if you will. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Right now in Miami, Justin Beiber 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 has been arrested on a number of charges. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 The judge is reading the charges, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 including resisting arrest and driving 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 under the influence. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 He's appearing now before the judge 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 for his bond-hearing. Let's watch. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Actually, you know what? 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Bad news, we're gonna have to interrupt 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 your interruption of the Beiber news, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 for a new interruption. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 This time featuring a YouTube video of a 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 tortoise having sex with a plastic clog. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Let's watch. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 That. Is essentially the current tone 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 of this vitally important debate. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And again: I'm not saying this is 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 an easy conversation. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 But we have to have it. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I know this is confusing. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And unfortunately, the most obvious 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 person to talk to about this, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 is Edward Snowden. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 But he currently lives in Russia. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Meaning, if you wanted to ask him 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 about any of these issues, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 you'd have to fly all the way there 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to do it, and it is not a pleasant flight. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And the reason I know that... 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 is that last week, I went to Russia 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to speak to Edward Snowden. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And this is what happened. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Yes, last week I spent 48 paranoid hours 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 in Moscow. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Arguably the last place on earth where you 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 can find an overweight Josef Stalin 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 impersonator arguing with an unconvinsing 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 fake Lenin. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And after experiencing Russia's famously 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 warm hospitality, I went to meet 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Edward Snowden. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Who is supposed to show up in this room 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 at noon. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 However, after 5 minutes after 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 the interview was scheduled to begin, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I had a troubling thought. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I don't know. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 You think he's coming? 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 'Cause my argument is: 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Why would he? 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 When you think about it. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I got 2000 roebels that says 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 he doesn't make it. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Without understanding how much that is. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 All I'm saying is... 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 a 10-hour flight for an empty chair... 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I'm gonna lose my shit. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Okay, it turns out that there may be 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 a bit of a problem. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 'Cause our Russian producer... 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 booked us in a room 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 directly overlooking... 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 the old KGB-building. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And the home of the current 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Federal Security Bureau. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And I'm just been told that they know 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 we're here. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So uhm... 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So that happened. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Uhm, just if the Russian... 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Russian KGB is listening: 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 we'll ring the fire-alarm 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 if he's not coming. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Oh shit. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Oh God. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 -So sorry for the delay. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 It's fine. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 HOLY SHIT. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 He actually came. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Edward f*cking Snowden. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 The most famous here and/or traitor 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 in recent American history! 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And I've started with a question designed 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to test his loyalties. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 How much do you miss America? 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 -You know, my country is something 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 -that travels with me, you know. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 -It's not just a geogro... 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Well that's already 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 a way too complicated answer. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 The right answer is: 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I miss it a lot, it's the greatest 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 country in the world. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 -I do miss my country. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 -I do miss my home, I do miss my family. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Do you miss hot pockets? 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 -Yes. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 -I miss hot pockets. Very much. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Okay. The entire state of Florida? 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Let's just let that silence 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 hang in the air. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Truck nuts? 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 You miss truck nuts? 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 -I don't know what they are. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Lucky for you, Edward... 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Not just truck nuts. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Stars and stripes truck nuts. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 That is 2 balls of liberty 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 in a freedom sack. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 -You really thought ahead. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Well, at least one of us did. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 You know, 'cause of the... uhm... 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 the quandary... the... 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Kafka-esque nightmare that you're in. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Okay. Let's dive in. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Why did you do this? 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 -The NSA has the greatest surveillance 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 capabilities that we've ever seen 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 in history. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Now, what they will argue 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 is that they don't use this 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 for nefarious purposes against 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 American citizens. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 In some ways that's true. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 But the real problem is that 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 they're using these capabilities 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to make us vulnerable to them, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and then saying: 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 While I've got a gun pointed at your head, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I'm not going to pull the trigger. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Trust me. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So, what does the NSA you want look like? 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 'Cause you applied for a job at the NSA. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So you clearly see an inherent value 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 in that shadowy organization. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I worked with mass-surveillance systems 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 against Chinese hackers. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I saw, that you know, these things 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 do have some purpose. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And you want your spies to be good 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 at spying. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 To be fair. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Right. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 What you don't want... 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 is you don't want them spying inside 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 their own country. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Spies are great when they're on our side. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 But we can never forget that they're 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 incredibly powerful, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and incredibly dangerous, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and when they're off the leash... 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 they can end up coming after us. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 But just to be clear, we're talking about 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 2 different things here. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Domestic surveillance, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and foreign surveillance. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Right. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 'Cause domestic surveillance... 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Americans give some of a shit about. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Foreign surveillance... 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 they don't give any remote shit about. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Well the second question is 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 when we talk about foreign surveillance 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 are we applying it in ways that are 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 beneficial... 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 No-one cares. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 In terms... 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 No. They don't give a shit. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 We spied on UNICEF. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 The children's fund. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Sure. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 We spied on lawyers negotiating... 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 What was UNICEF doing? 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I mean, that's the question there. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Isn't it? 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 The question is: 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 are these projects valuable? 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Are we going to be safer when we're spying 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 on UNICEF and lawyers who are talking about 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 the price of shrimp and clove cigarettes. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I don't think people say that's good. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I think they'll say: 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I definitely don't care. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Americans do not give a shit. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I think you're right. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 About foreign surveillance. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 What some people do care about 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 is whether Snowden considered 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 the adverse consequences of leaking 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 so much information at once. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 How many of those documents 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 have you actually read. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I've evaluated all the documents 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that are in the archive. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 You've read every single one? 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I do understand what I've turned over. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 But there's a difference between 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 understanding what's in the documents 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and reading what's in the documents. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I recognized the concern. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 'Cause when you're handing over 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 thousands of NSA documents, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 the last thing you want to do 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 is read them. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I think it's fair to be concerned about, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 'did this person do enough? 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 were they careful enough?' 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Especially when you're handling material 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 like we know you are handling. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Well, in my defense: 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I'm not handling anything anymore. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 That's been passed to the journalists, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and they're using extraordinary 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 security measures that this is reported 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 in the most responsible way. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 But, those are journalists 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 with a lower technical skill-set than you. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 That's true, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but then they do understand 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 just like you and I do. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Just how important it 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to get this right. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So the New York Times took a slide, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 didn't redact it properly... 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and... 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 in the end it was possible 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 for people to see that something 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 was being used in Mosul. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 On Al'Qaida. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 That is a problem. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Well, that's a f*ck-up. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 It is a f*ck-up. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And these things do happen in reporting. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 In journalism we have to accept 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that some mistakes will be made. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 This is a fundamental concept of liberty. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Right. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 But you have to own that then. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 You're giving documents with imformation 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 you know could be harmful... 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 which could get out there. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Yes. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 If people act in bad faith. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 You're not even talking about bad faith. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 You're talking about incompetents. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 We are. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 But you will never be 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 completely free from risk, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 if you're free. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 The only time you can be free from risk 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 is when you're in prison. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 While the risks were significant, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Snowden himself has made it clear. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 He feels the rewards have been worth it. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 You've said in you letters to Brasil: 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 "I was motivated by a believe that 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 the citizens of the world deserve to 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 understand the system in which they live. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 My greatest fear was that no-one 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 would listen to my warning. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Never have I been so glad 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to have been so wrong." 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 How did that feel? 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I was initially terrified that this 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 was going to be a 3 day story, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 everybody was going to forget about it. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 But when I saw that... 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 everybody around the world said: 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 "Wow, this is a problem. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 We have to do something about this", 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 it felt like vindication. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Even in America? 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Even in America. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And I think we're seeing 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 something amazing. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Which is if you ask... the American people 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to make tough decisions, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to confront tough issues, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to think about hard problems... 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 they'll actually surprise you. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Okay. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Here's the problem: 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I did ask some Americans. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And, boy did it surprise me. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I have no idea who Edward Snowden is. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 You've never heard of Edward Snowden? 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 No. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I have no idea who Edward Snowden is. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I've heard the name... 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I just can't picture and think right now 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 exactly who it is. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Well, he's... uhm... 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 He sold some information to people. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 He revealed some information 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that shouldn't have been revealed. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Edward Snowden revealed a lot of documents 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 through Wikileaks. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Edward Snowden revealed a bunch 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 of secrets, I guess... 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 or information into Wikileaks. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Edward Snowden leaked... uhm... 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 he's in charge of Wikileaks. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I'm in charge of Wikileaks. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Not ideal. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I guess, on the plus side... 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 you might be able to go home. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 'Cause it seems like no-one knows 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 who the f*ck you are. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Or what the f*ck you did. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 We can't except everybody to be uniformly 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 informed. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So, did you do this to solve a problem? 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I did this to give the American people 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 a chance to decide for themselves 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 the kind of government they want to have. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 That is a conversation that I think that 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 the American people deserve to decide. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 There is no doubt that it is 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 a critical conversation. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 But is it a conversation that we have 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 the capacity to have? 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Because it's so complicated. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 We don't fundamentally understand it. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 It is a challenging conversation. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I mean, it's difficult for most people 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to even conceptualize. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 The problem is, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 the internet is massively complex, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and so much of it is invisible. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Service providers, technicians, engineers, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 the phonenumbers.... 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Let me stop you right there, Edward. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 'Cause this is the whole problem. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Right. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 This is the whole problem. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I just, I glaze over. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 'Cause it's like the IT-guy 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 comes into your office, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and you go: "Ooh shit." 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 In fairness... 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 "Ooh shit, don't teach me anything." 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 "I don't want to learn." 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 "You smell like canned soup." 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 It's a real challenge to figure out 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 how do we communicate 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 things that require sort of years and years 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 of technical understanding. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And compress that into seconds of speech. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So, I'm sympathetic to the problem there. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 But the thing is, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 everything you did only matters 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 if we have this conversation properly. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So let me help you out there. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 You mentioned in an interview 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that the NSA was passing around 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 naked photo's of people. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Yeah. This is something where it's... 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 it's not actually seen as a big deal. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 In the culture of NSA. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Because you see naked pictures 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 all of the time. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 That. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Terrifies people. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 'Cause when we asked people about THAT... 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 this is the response you get. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 The Government should not be able 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to look at dick-pictures. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 If the Government was looking at 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 a picture of Gordon's penis, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I definitely feel it would be an invasion 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 of my privacy. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Ah, yeah, if the Government was looking at 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 pictures of my penis, that would upset me. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 They should never, ever, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 the US Government have a picture, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 of my dick. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 If my husband sent me 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 a picture of his penis, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and the Government could access it, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I would want that program to be shut down. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I would want the Dick-pic Program changed. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I would also want 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 the Dick-pic Program changed. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I think it would be terrific, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 if the program could change. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I would want it to be tweeked, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I would want it to have 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 clear and transparent laws 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that we knew about. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And that were communicated to us. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 To understand what they 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 were being used for. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Or why the were being kept. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Do you think that program exists? 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I don't. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I don't think that program exists at all. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 No. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 No. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 No. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 No. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 If I had knowledge that the US Government 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 had a picture of my dick... 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I would be very pissed off. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Well... 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 The good news is that there's no 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 program named 'the Dick-pic Program'. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 The bad news is that they're still 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 collecting everybody's information. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Including your dick-pics. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 What's the over/under of that last guy 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 sent a dick-pic recently? 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 You don't need to guess. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I'll show you. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I did. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I did take a picture of my... dick. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And I sent it to a girl. Recently. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 This is the most visible line in the sand 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 for people. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 "Can they see my dick?" 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So, with that in mind... 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 look inside that folder. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 That. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Is a picture of my dick. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So let's go through each NSA program, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and explain to me it's capabilities 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 in regards to that photograph... 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 of my penis. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 702 Surveillance: can they see my dick? 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Yes. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 The Pfizen act of 2008, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 which Section 702 falls under, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 allows the bulk-collection of 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 internet communications that are 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 one-end foreign. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Bulk-collection: 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 now we're talking about my dick. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 You get it. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I do. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Because it's, it's, yeah. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So, if you have you're email somewhere... 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 like G-mail, hosted over seas or 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 transferred somewhere over seas, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 or any time crosses outside the borders 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 of the United States... 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 you're junk ends up in the database. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So it doesn't have to be 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 sending your dick to a German? 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 No. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Even if you sent it to somebody 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 within the United States, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 your wholly domestic communication 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 between you and your wife 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 can go from New York... 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to London and back. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And get caught up in the database. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Executive Order 12-333: Dick or no dick? 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Yes. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 EO 12-333 is what the NSA uses 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 when the other authorities aren't 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 aggressive enough, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 or they're not catching as much 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 as they like. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 For example... 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 How are they gonna see my dick? 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I'm only concerned about my penis. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 When you send your junk 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 through G-mail, for example, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that's stored on Google-servers. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Google moves data. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 From datacenter to datacenter. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Invisibly to you, without your knowledge. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Your data could be moved outside 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 the borders of the United States. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Oh no. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Temporarily. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 When your junk was passed by G-mail, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 the NSA caught a copy of that. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Prism. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Prism is how they pull your junk 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 out of Google, with Google's involvement. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 All of the different Prism partners, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 people like Yahoo, Facebook, Google, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 the Government deputizes them, to be, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 sort of their little surveillance sherif. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 They're a dick-sherif. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Correct. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Uhm, Upstream. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Upstream is how they snatch your junk 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 as it transes the internet. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Okay. Mystic. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 If you're describing your junk 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 on the phone? 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Yes. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 But do they have the content 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 of that junk-call, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 or just the duration of it? 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 They have the content as well, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but only for a few countries. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 If you are on vacation in the Bahamas? 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Yes. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Finally. And you need to remind yourself? 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 No, I'm just not sure... 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 what to do with this. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Just hold on to it. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 It's a lot of responsibility. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Yeah. It is a lot of responsibility. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 That's the whole point. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Should I...? 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 No, you should absolutely not. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And it's unbelievable 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that you would do that. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Actually, it's entirely believable. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 215 meta-data? 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 No. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Good. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 But... 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Come on, Ed. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 They can probably tell who you're sharing 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 your junk pictures with. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Because they're seeing 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 who you're texting with, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 who you're calling. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 If you're calling 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 the penis enlargement centre at 3 AM 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and that call lasted 90 minutes? 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 They would have a record 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 of YOUR phone-number 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 calling THAT phone-number. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 (Which is a penis enlargement center). 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 They would say they don't know 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 it's penis enlargement center, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but of course they can look it up. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Edward, if the American people 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 understood this... 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 they would be absolutely horrified. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I guess I never thought about putting it 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 in the... 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 in the context of your junk. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Would a good take-away from this be... 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 'Until such time as we sorted 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 all of this out... 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 don't take pictures of your dick'. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Just don't do it anymore. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 No. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 If we do that. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Wait, hold on, you're saying 'no'? 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Yeah. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 You should be 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 taking pictures of your dick? 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Yes. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 You shouldn't change your behavior 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 because a Government agency somehwere 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 is doing the wrong thing. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 If you sacrifice our values 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 because we're afraid... 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 we don't care 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 about those values very much. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 That is a pretty inspiring answer 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to the question: 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 "Hey, why did you just send me a picutre 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 of your dick?" 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 "Because I love America, that's why." 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So there you have it, America. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 All of us should now be equipped 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to have this vital debate. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Because by June 1, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 it is imperative we have a rational, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 adult conversation 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 about whether our safety is worth 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 living in a country of barely regulated 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Government sanctioned dick-sherifs. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And with my work here done, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 there was just time to take care of 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 one more thing. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Finally, congratulations 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 on winning the Oscar. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I know you couldn't be at the ceremony 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 for obvious reasons, so... 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Hah? 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Wow. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I thought we'd celebrate ourselves. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Cheers. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Wow, that's... 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that's really something. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Thank you. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 You're welcome. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 What's the over/under on me 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 getting home safely? 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Well, if you weren't on the list before, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 you are now. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Is that like, uhm... 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 is that like a figu... is that like a joke 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 or is that actually possible? 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 No, it's... it's a real thing. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 You're associated now. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Okay. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Just to be clear NSA: 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I never met this guy, so 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 take me off you're f*cking list. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I do not want to get stuck in Russia. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I want to go home I want to go home 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I want to go home I want to go home 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Now, just for the record. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Just so you know. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 We got in touch with the NSA, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 the National Security Council, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and the White House, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and we asked them to comment 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 on the dick-pick capabilities 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 of each of the programs Edward Snowden 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 just discussed. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Which incidentally was some very fun 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 emails to write to Government agencies. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 They didn't wish to comment on the record. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And I can see why, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 for every possible reason.