1
00:00:01,828 --> 00:00:03,448
Hari ini saya akan bercakap

2
00:00:03,472 --> 00:00:06,502
tentang sejarah seni bina 
dalam 30 tahun ini.

3
00:00:07,685 --> 00:00:10,143
Banyak perkara perlu 
disebut dalam 18 minit ini.

4
00:00:10,167 --> 00:00:11,854
Ia sebuah topik yang kompleks,

5
00:00:11,878 --> 00:00:16,252
jadi kita cuma akan meninjau 
sebuah tempat yang kompleks:

6
00:00:16,276 --> 00:00:17,482
New Jersey.

7
00:00:17,506 --> 00:00:20,696
Kerana 30 tahun lalu, 
saya berasal dari Jersey,

8
00:00:20,720 --> 00:00:24,562
masa itu saya berusia 6 tahun 
dan tinggal di rumah ibu bapa saya

9
00:00:24,586 --> 00:00:26,210
yang terletak di Livingston.

10
00:00:26,234 --> 00:00:29,165
Inilah bilik tidur saya pada masa itu.

11
00:00:29,689 --> 00:00:32,124
Di tepi bilik tidur saya

12
00:00:32,148 --> 00:00:35,010
ialah sebuah bilik air 
yang dikongsi dengan adik saya.

13
00:00:35,225 --> 00:00:38,138
Di antara bilik tidur dan bilik air itu

14
00:00:38,162 --> 00:00:40,963
terletaknya balkoni yang 
menghadap ruang tamu.

15
00:00:41,413 --> 00:00:45,095
Di situlah semua orang 
bersantai dan menonton TV.

16
00:00:45,119 --> 00:00:49,282
Jadi, bila saya berjalan 
dari bilik tidur saya ke bilik air,

17
00:00:49,306 --> 00:00:50,642
semua orang dapat melihat saya,

18
00:00:50,666 --> 00:00:54,420
dan setelah saya mandi dan 
cuma berbalutkan tuala,

19
00:00:54,444 --> 00:00:55,821
semua orang dapat melihat saya.

20
00:00:56,162 --> 00:00:57,543
Beginilah keadaan saya.

21
00:00:58,718 --> 00:01:01,741
Saya berasa kekok,

22
00:01:01,765 --> 00:01:03,856
tak selesa, saya bencikannya.

23
00:01:03,880 --> 00:01:06,919
Saya bencikan laluan itu, 
saya bencikan balkoni itu,

24
00:01:06,943 --> 00:01:09,967
saya bencikan ruang tamu itu, 
dan saya bencikan rumah itu.

25
00:01:10,769 --> 00:01:12,457
Itulah dia seni bina.

26
00:01:12,917 --> 00:01:14,234
(Ketawa)

27
00:01:14,258 --> 00:01:15,576
Habis cerita.

28
00:01:16,088 --> 00:01:19,462
Perasaan dan emosi yang saya alami itu

29
00:01:19,486 --> 00:01:22,179
tercetus daripada hasil seni bina.

30
00:01:22,203 --> 00:01:25,741
Sebab, seni bina bukannya tentang 
matematik atau pengezonan,

31
00:01:25,765 --> 00:01:29,123
ia adalah tentang emosi kita 
yang meluap-luap

32
00:01:29,147 --> 00:01:31,903
terhadap tempat di mana kita berada.

33
00:01:32,653 --> 00:01:35,529
Ia bukannya perkara yang luar biasa 
jika kita berasa begitu,

34
00:01:35,553 --> 00:01:37,761
kerana mengikut 
Agensi Perlindungan Persekitaran,

35
00:01:37,785 --> 00:01:42,404
warga Amerika menghabiskan 90%
daripada masa mereka di dalam bangunan.

36
00:01:42,428 --> 00:01:47,164
Itu masanya kita berdepan 
dengan hasil seni bina.

37
00:01:47,188 --> 00:01:48,696
Agak lama masanya.

38
00:01:48,720 --> 00:01:53,213
Maksudnya, kita terpengaruh oleh 
hasil seni bina tanpa kita sedari.

39
00:01:53,922 --> 00:01:59,296
Ia menjadikan kita 
mudah terpedaya dan mudah dijangka.

40
00:01:59,464 --> 00:02:02,093
Maksudnya, bila saya menunjukkan 
bangunan sebegini kepada anda,

41
00:02:02,117 --> 00:02:03,499
saya tahu apa yang anda fikirkan:

42
00:02:03,523 --> 00:02:06,870
Anda berfikir tentang "kuasa", "
kestabilan" dan "demokrasi".

43
00:02:07,239 --> 00:02:10,872
Saya tahu anda berfikir begitu 
kerana ia dibina berdasarkan

44
00:02:10,896 --> 00:02:13,690
sebuah bangunan yang dibina pada 
2,500 tahun yang lalu oleh orang Yunani.

45
00:02:14,272 --> 00:02:15,594
Inilah caranya.

46
00:02:15,912 --> 00:02:18,080
Inilah cara yang digunakan 
oleh para arkitek

47
00:02:18,104 --> 00:02:21,993
untuk mewujudkan emosi anda terhadap

48
00:02:22,017 --> 00:02:24,658
bangunan-bangunan yang dibina.

49
00:02:25,237 --> 00:02:27,877
Ia merupakan emosi yang dapat dijangka,

50
00:02:27,901 --> 00:02:31,121
dan cara ini telah lama digunakan.

51
00:02:31,629 --> 00:02:34,902
Ia digunakan pada 200 tahun yang lalu 
untuk membina bank.

52
00:02:34,926 --> 00:02:38,083
Ia digunakan pada abad ke-19 
untuk membina muzium seni.

53
00:02:38,107 --> 00:02:40,312
Pada abad ke-20 di Amerika,

54
00:02:40,336 --> 00:02:42,171
ia digunakan untuk membina rumah.

55
00:02:42,195 --> 00:02:44,933
Lihatlah rumah-rumah 
yang kukuh dan stabil ini

56
00:02:44,957 --> 00:02:47,528
yang menghadap ke laut dan 
terlindung daripada unsur-unsur alam.

57
00:02:48,265 --> 00:02:50,900
Ia amat berguna sekali,

58
00:02:50,924 --> 00:02:53,911
kerana membina sesuatu bukannya mudah.

59
00:02:54,331 --> 00:02:58,467
Ia mahal, mengambil masa yang lama, 
dan amat rumit.

60
00:02:58,996 --> 00:03:01,154
Pihak-pihak yang terlibat 
dalam pembinaan,

61
00:03:01,178 --> 00:03:03,383
iaitu pemaju dan kerajaan,

62
00:03:03,407 --> 00:03:06,260
mereka tak menyukai inovasi,

63
00:03:06,284 --> 00:03:10,264
mereka akan menggunakan 
reka bentuk yang anda sukai.

64
00:03:11,125 --> 00:03:13,314
Sebab itulah bangunan sebegini dibina.

65
00:03:14,096 --> 00:03:15,766
Bangunan ini kelihatan cantik.

66
00:03:15,790 --> 00:03:18,081
Inilah Perpustakaan Awam Livingston

67
00:03:18,105 --> 00:03:21,215
yang siap dibina pada tahun 2004 
di tempat asal saya.

68
00:03:21,239 --> 00:03:22,864
Ia mempunyai kubah

69
00:03:22,888 --> 00:03:26,495
dan ia mempunyai bahagian yang bulat, 
tiang-tiang, bata merah.

70
00:03:26,495 --> 00:03:31,485
Anda dapat meneka apa yang Livingston 
cuba sampaikan melalui bangunan ini:

71
00:03:31,509 --> 00:03:35,035
kanak-kanak, 
nilai harta benda dan sejarah.

72
00:03:35,751 --> 00:03:39,286


73
00:03:40,209 --> 00:03:44,273


74
00:03:44,297 --> 00:03:46,292


75
00:03:46,316 --> 00:03:47,789


76
00:03:47,998 --> 00:03:49,331


77
00:03:50,140 --> 00:03:55,694


78
00:03:55,718 --> 00:03:59,288


79
00:03:59,312 --> 00:04:01,917


80
00:04:03,244 --> 00:04:04,867


81
00:04:04,891 --> 00:04:08,304


82
00:04:08,328 --> 00:04:10,951


83
00:04:10,975 --> 00:04:12,607


84
00:04:13,576 --> 00:04:19,109


85
00:04:19,501 --> 00:04:22,369


86
00:04:22,393 --> 00:04:26,010


87
00:04:26,034 --> 00:04:29,716


88
00:04:29,886 --> 00:04:32,280


89
00:04:32,304 --> 00:04:34,903


90
00:04:34,927 --> 00:04:37,153


91
00:04:37,177 --> 00:04:39,338


92
00:04:39,362 --> 00:04:42,821


93
00:04:42,845 --> 00:04:44,597


94
00:04:44,621 --> 00:04:47,736


95
00:04:48,394 --> 00:04:50,553


96
00:04:50,577 --> 00:04:52,387


97
00:04:52,411 --> 00:04:54,061


98
00:04:54,085 --> 00:04:57,279


99
00:04:57,303 --> 00:04:59,678


100
00:04:59,702 --> 00:05:01,815


101
00:05:02,926 --> 00:05:06,518


102
00:05:06,542 --> 00:05:10,201


103
00:05:10,519 --> 00:05:11,765


104
00:05:11,789 --> 00:05:13,261
(Ketawa)

105
00:05:13,285 --> 00:05:14,429


106
00:05:14,453 --> 00:05:17,783


107
00:05:17,807 --> 00:05:20,570


108
00:05:20,594 --> 00:05:23,357


109
00:05:23,381 --> 00:05:25,724


110
00:05:25,748 --> 00:05:28,696


111
00:05:28,720 --> 00:05:31,529


112
00:05:31,553 --> 00:05:33,118


113
00:05:33,142 --> 00:05:35,151


114
00:05:35,175 --> 00:05:37,439


115
00:05:37,463 --> 00:05:39,117


116
00:05:39,141 --> 00:05:40,579


117
00:05:40,603 --> 00:05:42,552


118
00:05:42,576 --> 00:05:44,740


119
00:05:44,764 --> 00:05:47,136


120
00:05:47,160 --> 00:05:51,866


121
00:05:52,409 --> 00:05:53,961


122
00:05:53,985 --> 00:05:56,512


123
00:05:56,536 --> 00:05:59,380


124
00:05:59,404 --> 00:06:00,443
(Ketawa)

125
00:06:00,467 --> 00:06:02,573


126
00:06:02,597 --> 00:06:03,934


127
00:06:04,640 --> 00:06:08,513


128
00:06:08,537 --> 00:06:09,715
(Ketawa)

129
00:06:09,739 --> 00:06:11,733


130
00:06:11,757 --> 00:06:14,138


131
00:06:14,162 --> 00:06:16,736


132
00:06:16,760 --> 00:06:20,092


133
00:06:20,116 --> 00:06:21,870


134
00:06:21,894 --> 00:06:23,957


135
00:06:23,981 --> 00:06:25,906


136
00:06:25,930 --> 00:06:27,130


137
00:06:27,154 --> 00:06:28,797
(Ketawa)

138
00:06:28,821 --> 00:06:30,714


139
00:06:30,738 --> 00:06:32,764


140
00:06:32,788 --> 00:06:34,602


141
00:06:34,908 --> 00:06:37,888


142
00:06:37,912 --> 00:06:40,417


143
00:06:40,441 --> 00:06:42,493


144
00:06:43,091 --> 00:06:45,947


145
00:06:45,971 --> 00:06:47,286


146
00:06:48,182 --> 00:06:49,327


147
00:06:49,452 --> 00:06:50,970
(Ketawa)

148
00:06:50,994 --> 00:06:52,819


149
00:06:52,843 --> 00:06:56,174


150
00:06:56,559 --> 00:06:58,786


151
00:06:58,810 --> 00:07:02,058


152
00:07:02,727 --> 00:07:05,473


153
00:07:05,497 --> 00:07:09,343


154
00:07:09,367 --> 00:07:11,324


155
00:07:11,348 --> 00:07:14,204


156
00:07:14,228 --> 00:07:17,251


157
00:07:17,275 --> 00:07:19,126


158
00:07:19,150 --> 00:07:20,813


159
00:07:20,837 --> 00:07:25,024


160
00:07:25,048 --> 00:07:27,380


161
00:07:28,331 --> 00:07:31,222


162
00:07:31,898 --> 00:07:34,653


163
00:07:36,228 --> 00:07:37,632


164
00:07:37,656 --> 00:07:41,920


165
00:07:42,694 --> 00:07:46,594


166
00:07:46,618 --> 00:07:49,921


167
00:07:49,945 --> 00:07:52,711


168
00:07:53,401 --> 00:07:56,462


169
00:07:57,160 --> 00:08:02,842


170
00:08:02,866 --> 00:08:04,535


171
00:08:04,885 --> 00:08:08,334


172
00:08:09,044 --> 00:08:10,383
L.A.,

173
00:08:11,633 --> 00:08:13,172
Seatle,

174
00:08:13,196 --> 00:08:14,800
Chicago,

175
00:08:14,824 --> 00:08:16,528
New York,

176
00:08:16,552 --> 00:08:18,446
Cleveland,

177
00:08:18,470 --> 00:08:19,713
Springfield.

178
00:08:19,737 --> 00:08:20,771
(Ketawa)

179
00:08:20,795 --> 00:08:24,018


180
00:08:24,042 --> 00:08:27,382


181
00:08:27,989 --> 00:08:32,865


182
00:08:32,889 --> 00:08:34,794


183
00:08:34,818 --> 00:08:38,657


184
00:08:39,270 --> 00:08:44,766


185
00:08:44,790 --> 00:08:50,587


186
00:08:51,068 --> 00:08:54,466


187
00:08:54,490 --> 00:08:56,862


188
00:08:56,967 --> 00:08:59,469


189
00:08:59,493 --> 00:09:02,483


190
00:09:03,778 --> 00:09:06,110


191
00:09:06,134 --> 00:09:08,264


192
00:09:08,288 --> 00:09:10,671


193
00:09:10,695 --> 00:09:13,094


194
00:09:13,118 --> 00:09:17,732


195
00:09:17,756 --> 00:09:19,512


196
00:09:19,536 --> 00:09:23,213


197
00:09:23,237 --> 00:09:26,475


198
00:09:26,499 --> 00:09:28,314


199
00:09:29,096 --> 00:09:32,044


200
00:09:32,429 --> 00:09:33,644


201
00:09:33,668 --> 00:09:37,488


202
00:09:37,488 --> 00:09:39,118


203
00:09:39,142 --> 00:09:42,142


204
00:09:42,166 --> 00:09:45,063


205
00:09:45,087 --> 00:09:49,950


206
00:09:49,974 --> 00:09:53,874


207
00:09:54,768 --> 00:09:58,315


208
00:09:58,339 --> 00:10:01,453


209
00:10:01,477 --> 00:10:04,570


210
00:10:05,409 --> 00:10:07,879


211
00:10:07,903 --> 00:10:10,611


212
00:10:10,635 --> 00:10:12,788


213
00:10:12,812 --> 00:10:15,106


214
00:10:15,130 --> 00:10:18,798


215
00:10:18,822 --> 00:10:21,468


216
00:10:21,492 --> 00:10:25,183


217
00:10:25,207 --> 00:10:27,085


218
00:10:27,690 --> 00:10:31,239


219
00:10:32,416 --> 00:10:35,308


220
00:10:35,332 --> 00:10:38,272


221
00:10:38,296 --> 00:10:40,167


222
00:10:40,383 --> 00:10:44,201


223
00:10:44,225 --> 00:10:47,093


224
00:10:48,284 --> 00:10:51,084


225
00:10:51,108 --> 00:10:53,238


226
00:10:53,262 --> 00:10:59,362


227
00:10:59,386 --> 00:11:01,755


228
00:11:01,779 --> 00:11:04,233


229
00:11:04,257 --> 00:11:05,939


230
00:11:07,072 --> 00:11:11,732


231
00:11:11,756 --> 00:11:14,617


232
00:11:14,641 --> 00:11:18,379


233
00:11:18,403 --> 00:11:23,371


234
00:11:23,395 --> 00:11:26,770


235
00:11:27,342 --> 00:11:33,402


236
00:11:33,426 --> 00:11:35,115


237
00:11:36,453 --> 00:11:38,186


238
00:11:38,210 --> 00:11:40,376


239
00:11:40,829 --> 00:11:44,304


240
00:11:44,304 --> 00:11:46,773


241
00:11:46,797 --> 00:11:48,543


242
00:11:48,567 --> 00:11:49,980


243
00:11:50,729 --> 00:11:54,482


244
00:11:54,506 --> 00:11:58,157


245
00:11:58,181 --> 00:12:02,702


246
00:12:02,726 --> 00:12:04,489


247
00:12:04,513 --> 00:12:08,669


248
00:12:08,693 --> 00:12:10,071


249
00:12:10,095 --> 00:12:12,221


250
00:12:12,245 --> 00:12:14,566


251
00:12:14,590 --> 00:12:17,291


252
00:12:18,232 --> 00:12:22,562


253
00:12:22,586 --> 00:12:25,914


254
00:12:25,938 --> 00:12:32,204


255
00:12:32,228 --> 00:12:34,188


256
00:12:34,212 --> 00:12:38,100


257
00:12:38,124 --> 00:12:40,409


258
00:12:40,433 --> 00:12:44,351


259
00:12:44,375 --> 00:12:49,862


260
00:12:49,886 --> 00:12:53,669


261
00:12:53,693 --> 00:12:56,080


262
00:12:56,527 --> 00:12:59,814


263
00:12:59,838 --> 00:13:02,546


264
00:13:02,570 --> 00:13:06,118


265
00:13:06,142 --> 00:13:08,392


266
00:13:08,416 --> 00:13:12,271


267
00:13:13,187 --> 00:13:15,476


268
00:13:15,500 --> 00:13:18,118


269
00:13:18,142 --> 00:13:22,167


270
00:13:22,191 --> 00:13:27,962


271
00:13:27,986 --> 00:13:31,515


272
00:13:32,614 --> 00:13:35,732


273
00:13:36,390 --> 00:13:38,805


274
00:13:38,829 --> 00:13:43,473


275
00:13:43,705 --> 00:13:48,975


276
00:13:48,999 --> 00:13:52,187


277
00:13:52,998 --> 00:13:54,341


278
00:13:54,846 --> 00:13:57,181


279
00:13:57,205 --> 00:14:00,330


280
00:14:00,354 --> 00:14:04,313


281
00:14:04,337 --> 00:14:05,822


282
00:14:06,287 --> 00:14:09,153


283
00:14:09,177 --> 00:14:12,236


284
00:14:14,452 --> 00:14:16,664


285
00:14:16,664 --> 00:14:20,019


286
00:14:20,043 --> 00:14:22,538


287
00:14:22,562 --> 00:14:25,522


288
00:14:25,546 --> 00:14:29,081


289
00:14:30,980 --> 00:14:32,713


290
00:14:32,737 --> 00:14:34,841


291
00:14:35,770 --> 00:14:39,152


292
00:14:39,176 --> 00:14:42,154


293
00:14:42,178 --> 00:14:43,459


294
00:14:43,680 --> 00:14:46,280


295
00:14:46,304 --> 00:14:50,670


296
00:14:51,757 --> 00:14:55,199


297
00:14:55,223 --> 00:14:58,091


298
00:14:58,115 --> 00:15:01,278


299
00:15:02,389 --> 00:15:06,797


300
00:15:06,821 --> 00:15:11,005


301
00:15:11,992 --> 00:15:16,411


302
00:15:16,435 --> 00:15:19,197


303
00:15:19,221 --> 00:15:21,701


304
00:15:22,540 --> 00:15:25,373


305
00:15:25,397 --> 00:15:29,014


306
00:15:29,842 --> 00:15:33,693


307
00:15:33,717 --> 00:15:35,520


308
00:15:36,676 --> 00:15:40,280


309
00:15:40,304 --> 00:15:42,788


310
00:15:42,812 --> 00:15:44,191


311
00:15:44,215 --> 00:15:46,794


312
00:15:46,818 --> 00:15:47,842
(Ketawa)

313
00:15:47,866 --> 00:15:52,029


314
00:15:52,053 --> 00:15:53,973


315
00:15:53,997 --> 00:15:56,487


316
00:15:56,511 --> 00:15:59,839


317
00:15:59,863 --> 00:16:01,593


318
00:16:02,765 --> 00:16:05,666


319
00:16:05,690 --> 00:16:07,888


320
00:16:07,912 --> 00:16:13,003


321
00:16:13,808 --> 00:16:16,546


322
00:16:16,570 --> 00:16:17,863


323
00:16:17,887 --> 00:16:20,902


324
00:16:20,926 --> 00:16:23,407


325
00:16:23,431 --> 00:16:24,813


326
00:16:24,837 --> 00:16:27,170


327
00:16:27,194 --> 00:16:28,834


328
00:16:28,858 --> 00:16:32,418


329
00:16:32,442 --> 00:16:35,373


330
00:16:35,397 --> 00:16:38,072


331
00:16:38,096 --> 00:16:44,050


332
00:16:44,074 --> 00:16:48,558


333
00:16:49,658 --> 00:16:53,013


334
00:16:53,037 --> 00:16:54,847


335
00:16:54,871 --> 00:16:58,219


336
00:16:58,899 --> 00:17:02,324


337
00:17:02,348 --> 00:17:04,506


338
00:17:04,530 --> 00:17:07,104


339
00:17:08,022 --> 00:17:11,350


340
00:17:11,957 --> 00:17:14,929


341
00:17:14,953 --> 00:17:20,770


342
00:17:20,794 --> 00:17:23,034


343
00:17:23,635 --> 00:17:28,825


344
00:17:28,849 --> 00:17:30,901


345
00:17:30,925 --> 00:17:32,929


346
00:17:32,953 --> 00:17:35,382


347
00:17:35,406 --> 00:17:38,599


348
00:17:39,288 --> 00:17:40,388
Terima kasih.

349
00:17:40,412 --> 00:17:43,412
(Tepukan)