[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today I'm going to speak to you
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the last 30 years
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of architectural history.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's a lot to pack into 18 minutes.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a complex topic,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we're just going to dive right in\Nat a complex place: New Jersey.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because 30 years ago, I'm from Jersey,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I was six, and I lived there\Nin my parents house
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a town called Livingston,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this was my childhood bedroom.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Around the corner from my bedroom
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was the bathroom that I used to share
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with my sister.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in between my bedroom and the bathroom
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was a balcony that overlooked\Nthe family room.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's where everyone\Nwould hang out and watch TV,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that every time I walked\Nfrom my bedroom to the bathroom,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everyone would see me,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and every time I took a shower\Nand would come back in a towel,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everyone would see me.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I looked like this.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was awkward,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,insecure, and I hated it.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I hated that walk, I hated that balcony,\NI hated that room, and I hated that house.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's architecture.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Done.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That feeling, those emotions that I felt,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's the power of architecture,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because architecture is not about math\Nand it's not about zoning,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's about those visceral,\Nemotional connections
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we feel to the places that we occupy.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's no surprise that we feel that way,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because according to the EPA,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Americans spend 90 percent\Nof their time indoors.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's 90 percent of our time\Nsurrounded by architecture.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's huge.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That means that architecture is shaping us
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in ways that we didn't even realize.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That makes us a little bit gullible
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and very, very predictable.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It means that when I show you\Na building like this,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know what you think:
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you think power
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and stability and democracy.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I know you think that\Nbecause it's based on a building
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was build 2,500 years ago\Nby the Greeks.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a trick.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a trigger that architects use
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to get you to create\Nan emotional connection
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the forms that we build\Nour buildings out of.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a predictable emotional connection,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we've been using this trick\Nfor a long, long time.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We used it 300 years ago to build banks.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We used it in the 19th century\Nto build art museums.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in the 20th century in America,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we used it to build houses,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and look at these solid,\Nstable little soldiers
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,facing the ocean\Nand keeping away the elements.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is really, really useful,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because building things is terrifying.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's expensive, it takes a long time,\Nand it's very complicated,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the people that build things
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,-- developers and governments --
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're naturally afraid of innovation,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they'd rather just use those forms\Nthat they know you'll respond to.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's how we end up\Nwith buildings like this.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a nice building.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the Livingston Public Library
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was completed in 2004 in my hometown,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, you know, it's got a dome
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's got this round thing and columns,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,red brick, and you can kind of guess
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what Livingston's trying to say\Nwith this building:
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,children, property values, and history.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it doesn't have much to do\Nwith what a library actually does today.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That same year, in 2004,\Non the other side of the country,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,another library was completed
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it looks like this.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's in Seattle.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This library is about how\Nwe consume media in a digital age.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's about a new kind of public amenity\Nfor the city, a place to gather
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and read and share.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how is it possible
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that in the same year,\Nin the same country,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,two buildings, both called libraries,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,look so completely different?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the answer is\Nthat architecture works
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the principle of a pendulum.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the one side is innovation,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and architects are constantly pushing,\Npushing for new technologies,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,new typologies, new solutions\Nfor the way that we live today,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we push and we push and we push
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until we completely alienate all of you.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We wear all black, we get very depressed,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you think we're adorable,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're dead inside because\Nwe've got no choice.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have to go to the other side\Nand reengage those symbols
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we know you love.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we do that, and you're happy,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we feel like sellouts,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we start experimenting again\Nand we push the pendulum
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,back and back and forth\Nand back and forth we've gone
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the last 300 years,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and certainly for the last 30 years.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay, 30 years ago
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we were coming out of the '70s.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Architects had been busy experimenting\Nwith something call "brutalism."
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's about concrete.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can guess this.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Small windows, dehumanizing scale.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is really tough stuff.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So as we get closer to the '80s,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we start to reengage those symbols.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We push the pendulum\Nback into the other direction.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We take these forms that we know you love
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we update them.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We add neon
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we add pastels
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we use new materials.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you love it.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we can't give you enough of it.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We take Chippendale armoires
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we turned those into skyscrapers,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and skyscrapers can be\Nmedieval castles made out of glass.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Forms got big,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,forms got bold and colorful.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dwarves became columns.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Swans grew to the size of buildings.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was crazy.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it's the '80s, it's cool.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're all hanging out in malls
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we're all moving to the suburbs,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and out there, out in the suburbs,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can create our own\Narchitectural fantasies,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and those fantasies,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they can be Mediterranean
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or French
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or Italian.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Possibly with endless breadsticks.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the thing about postmodernism.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the thing about symbols.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're easy, they're cheap,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because instead of making places,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're making memories of places.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because I know, and all of you know
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this isn't Tuscany, this is Ohio.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So architects get frustrated,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we start pushing the pendulum\Nback into the other direction.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the late '80s and early '90s,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we start experimenting with something\Ncalled deconstructivism.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We throw out historical symbols,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we rely on new, computer-aided\Ndesign techniques,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we come up with new compositions,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,forms crashing into forms.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is academic and heady stuff,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's super-unpopular,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we totally alienate you.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ordinarily, the pendulum would just\Nswing back into the other direction,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then something amazing happened.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1997, this building opened.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the Guggenheim Bilbao,\Nby Frank Gehry.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this buildling
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fundamentally changes\Nthe world's relationship to architecture.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Paul Goldberger said Bilbao\Nwas one of those rare moments
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when critics, academics,\Nand the general public
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were completely united around a building.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The New York Times\Ncalled this building a miracle.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tourism in Bilbao increased 2500 percent
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after this building was completed.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So all of a sudden, everybody\Nwants one of these buildings:
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,L.A.,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Seattle, Chicago,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,New York, Cleveland,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Springfield.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everybody wants one,\Nand Gehry is everywhere.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He is our very first starchitecct.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, how is it possible
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that these forms
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,-- they're wild and radical --
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how is it possible that they become\Nso ubiquitous throughout the world?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it happened because media
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so successfully galvanized around them
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they quickly taught us\Nthat these forms
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mean culture and tourism.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We created an emotional\Nreaction to these forms.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So did every mayor in the world.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So every mayor knew\Nthat if they had these forms,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they had culture and tourism.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This phenomenon\Nat the turn of the new millennium
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,happened to a few other starchitects.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It happened to Zaha\Nand it happened to Libeskind
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what happened\Nto these elite few architects
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the turn of the new millennium
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could actually start to happen\Nto the entire field of architecture,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as digital media starts\Nto increase the speed
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with which we consume information.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because think about\Nhow you consume architecture.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A thousand years ago, you would have had\Nto have walked to the village next door
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to see a building.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Transportation speeds up:
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can take a boat, you can take a plane,\Nyou can be a tourist.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Technology speeds up:\Nyou can see it in a newspaper, on TV,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until finally, we are all\Narchitectural photographers,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the building has become\Ndisembodied from the site.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Architecture is everywhere now,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that means that\Nthe speed of communication
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has finally caught up\Nto the speed of architecture.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because architecture\Nactually moves quite quickly.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It doesn't take long\Nto think about a building,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It takes a long time to build a building
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,-- three or four years --
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in the interim, an architect\Nwill design two or eight
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or a hundred other buildings
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before they know if that building\Nthat they designed four years ago
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was a success or not.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's because there's never been\Na good feedback loop in architecture.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's how we end up\Nwith buildings like this.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Brutalism wasn't a two year movement,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was a 20 year movement.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For 20 years, we were producing\Nbuildings like this
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we had no idea\Nhow much you hated it.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's never going to happen again,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we are living on the verge\Nof the greatest revolution in architecture
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since the invention of concrete,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of steel, or of the elevator,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's a media revolution.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So my theory is that when\Nyou apply media to this pendulum,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it starts swinging faster and faster,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until it's at both extremes\Nnearly simultaneously,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that effectively blurs the distance\Nbetween innovation and symbol,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between us the architects\Nand you the public.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now we can make nearly instantaneous,\Nemotionally charged symbols
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,out of something that's brand new.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me show you how this plays out
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a project that my firm\Nrecently completed.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We were hired to replace this building,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which burned down.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the center of a town\Ncalled the Pines
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Fire Island in New York State.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a vacation community.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We proposed a building that was audacious,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was different than any of the forms\Nthat the community was used to,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we were scared\Nand our client was scared
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the community was scared,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we created a series\Nof photorealistic renderings
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we put onto Facebook
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we put onto Instagram,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we let people start\Nto do what they do:
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,share it, comment, like it, hate it.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that meant that two years\Nbefore the building was complete,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was already a part of the community,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that when the renderings\Nlooked exactly like the finished product,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there were no surprises.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This building was already a part\Nof this community,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then that first summer,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when people started arriving\Nand sharing the building on social media,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the building ceased to be just an edifice\Nand it became media,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because these, these are not\Njust pictures of a building,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're your pictures of a building,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and as you use them to tell your story,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they become part\Nof your personal narrative,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what you're doing\Nis you're short-circuiting
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all of our collective memory,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you're making these charged symbols\Nfor us to understand.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That means we don't need\Nthe Greeks anymore
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to tell us what to think\Nabout architecture:
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can tell each other\Nwhat we think about architecture,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because digital media hasn't just changed\Nthe relationship between all of us,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's change the relationship\Nbetween us and buildings.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Think for a second about\Nthose librarians back in Livingston.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If that building was going\Nto be built today,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the first thing they would do is go online
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and search "new libraries."
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They would be bombarded by examples\Nof experimentation, of innovation,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of pushing at the envelope\Nof what a library can be.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's ammunition.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's ammunition\Nthat they can take with them
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the mayor of Livingston,\Nto the people of Livingston,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and say there's no one answer\Nto what a library is today.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's be a part of this.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This abundance of experimentation
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gives them the freedom\Nto run their own experiment.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everything is different now.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Architects are no longer\Nthese mysterious creatures
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that use big words\Nand complicated drawings,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you aren't the hapless public,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the consumer that won't accept\Nanything that they haven't seen anymore.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Architects can hear you,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you're not intimidated\Nby architecture.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That means that that pendulum\Nswinging back and forth
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from style to style,\Nfrom movement to movement,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is irrelevant.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can actually move forward
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and find relevant solutions\Nto the problems that our society faces.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the end of architectural history,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it means that\Nthe buildings of tomorrow
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are going to look a lot different\Nthan the buildings of today.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It means that a public space
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the ancient city of Seville
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can be unique and tailored\Nto the way that a modern city works.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It means that a stadium in Brooklyn\Ncan be a stadium in Brooklyn,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not some red brick historical pastiche
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of what we think a stadium ought to be.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It means that robots are going\Nto build our buildings,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we're finally ready for the forms\Nthat they're going to produce.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it means that buildings\Nwill twist to the whims of nature
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instead of the other way around.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It means that a parking garage\Nin Miami Beach, Florida,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can also be a place for sports
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for yoga
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you can even\Nget married there late at night.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It means that three architects\Ncan dream about swimming
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the East River of New York,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then raise nearly\Nhalf a million dollars
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from a community\Nthat gathered around their cause,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no one client anymore.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It means that no building\Nis too small for innovation,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like this little reindeer pavilion
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's as muscly and sinewy
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as the animals it's designed to observe.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it means that a building\Ndoesn't have to be beautiful
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be lovable,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like this ugly little building in Spain,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the architects dug a hole,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,packed it with hay,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then poured concrete around it,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and when the concrete dried,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they invited someone to come\Nand clean that hay out
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that all that's left when it's done
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is this hideous little room
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's filled with the imprints\Nand scratches of how that place was made,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that becomes the most sublime place
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to watch a Spanish sunset.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because it doesn't matter\Nif a cow builds our buildings
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or a robot builds our buildings.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It doesn't matter how we build,\Nit matters what we build.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Architects already know how\Nto make buildings that are greener
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and smarter and friendlier.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've just been waiting\Nfor all of you to want that.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And finally, we're not\Non opposite sides anymore.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Find an architect, hire an architect,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,work with us to design better buildings,\Nbetter cities, and a better world,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the stakes are high.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Buildings don't just reflect our society,\Nthey shape our society
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,down to the smallest spaces:
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the local libraries,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the homes where we raise our children,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the walk that they take\Nfrom the bedroom to the bathroom.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)