[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.100,0:00:12.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Music)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.70,0:00:16.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.08,0:00:20.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some time ago, a man named Bob Metcalfe invented the Ethernet,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.86,0:00:25.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in 1973, about a mile and a half from where I was working at Stanford,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.13,0:00:26.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,working on the Internet.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.87,0:00:32.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And a few years later, Bob announced that the Internet was going to experience a gigalapse,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.97,0:00:35.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he published an article on the subject.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.23,0:00:36.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it didn't happen.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.94,0:00:40.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, to his credit, he took his newspaper article,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.86,0:00:43.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ran it in a blender, and ate it on the stage.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.92,0:00:45.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.16,0:00:48.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After first checking to see if the ink might be toxic or not.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.29,0:00:49.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,June Cohen: (Laughs)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.17,0:00:54.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Vint Cerf: Now, it's absolutely true that the Internet is getting bigger and bigger,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.35,0:00:56.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and more and more ubiquitous.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.44,0:01:00.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's going to be in just about every appliance we can think of.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.57,0:01:04.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The question is, does that mean it's all going to collapse?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.43,0:01:06.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't think so.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.03,0:01:09.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I am willing to accept the proposition that
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.43,0:01:11.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we should think about that.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.42,0:01:16.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Already there are changes being made to the Internet to make it more resilient,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.58,0:01:18.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make it more resistant to some of the problems
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.60,0:01:20.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you see in the headlines every day.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.64,0:01:24.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is not a static system.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.49,0:01:26.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This thing is still evolving,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.39,0:01:29.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even though the design was done 40 years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.56,0:01:32.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it has evolved over that period of time,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.33,0:01:34.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it continues to change.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.44,0:01:38.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the one thing that makes this network so unusual,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.45,0:01:42.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it wasn't designed to do any thing in particular.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.37,0:01:45.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's why it's been able to do almost anything
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.49,0:01:47.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can think of to program.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.89,0:01:53.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I'm ready for Plan B, if Danny has a specific idea,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.44,0:01:57.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I have the feeling that by making it more and more ubiquitous,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.40,0:02:00.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's going to be pretty hard to shut it down.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.84,0:02:03.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you look at all the things that happen,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.41,0:02:06.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the various and sundry attacks, which really do happen,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.26,0:02:09.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the malware that floats through the network, and everything else,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.34,0:02:13.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,aren't you amazed that it still works?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.24,0:02:15.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, look, if you know too much about something
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.47,0:02:17.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's always astonishing that it works at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.54,0:02:19.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every time I get a web page that comes up,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.61,0:02:20.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm sitting here thinking
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.84,0:02:23.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Holy Crap, it actually worked."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.28,0:02:24.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.96,0:02:27.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, you know, when you know all the things that have to happen,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.34,0:02:29.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you think "Ha! That's impossible."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.43,0:02:32.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, it has been stunningly resilient.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.16,0:02:35.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It has grown by a factor of a million or more,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.26,0:02:38.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since it was first turned on in 1983,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.54,0:02:41.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but something new could come along.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.86,0:02:43.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll give you a good example.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.47,0:02:46.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was this thing called the telephone network.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.24,0:02:49.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was invented around 1876.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.56,0:02:53.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, the telephone network is turning into the Internet,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.82,0:02:56.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because all the voice is being run over IP, and everything else.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.82,0:02:59.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that means you can build a big thing,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.61,0:03:01.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that doesn't mean something else won't come along.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.79,0:03:05.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it may not be Plan B to preserve the Internet,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.74,0:03:09.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it may be Plan C to invent something new.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.61,0:03:12.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Actually I believe it would be prudent to do two things.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.91,0:03:16.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of them we've already started doing, this is called "clean sheet."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.95,0:03:19.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The question is, what if we started over and redesigned the network,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.92,0:03:21.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what would we do differently?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.30,0:03:26.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know one thing I would do, I'd pick 128-bit address space instead of 32 --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.25,0:03:30.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,JC: Who wouldn't? \NVC: -- so we wouldn't have to go through the IPv6 transition.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.28,0:03:33.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I'd also work hard on more security.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.37,0:03:38.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, nonetheless, I think that the clean sheet phenomenon,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.37,0:03:40.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the clean sheet exercise, lets you do two things.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.52,0:03:43.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It lets you see what would you do differently, what would it look like,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.07,0:03:44.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then you can ask, well,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.67,0:03:47.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can I retrofit any of those ideas into the existing network?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.80,0:03:49.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's happening.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.65,0:03:52.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The second thing, I think, is to ask the question,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.78,0:03:56.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what could I do to create a communication environment
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.04,0:03:57.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's even better than the Internet?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.84,0:04:00.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know what the answer is, although it might turn out to be
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.74,0:04:05.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,quantum communication, which the physicists tell us is not possible,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.33,0:04:07.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but then, they told us a lot of things are not possible,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.72,0:04:11.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so, who knows? In 10 years' time maybe we will see something different.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.49,0:04:14.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right now, I think we'll manage okay.