[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.78,0:00:16.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ok.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.38,0:00:18.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Take a look at this guy.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.70,0:00:20.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And by show of hands,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.37,0:00:22.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and everyone please participate,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.57,0:00:25.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who thinks he wanted to be\Nan economist when he grew up?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.09,0:00:27.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A lawyer?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.01,0:00:30.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ok. One or two.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.24,0:00:31.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A heavy metal bassist?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.73,0:00:33.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ok. Yeah!
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.55,0:00:36.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We think a face tells a lot.\NDoes it?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.69,0:00:38.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not Bon Jovi in the picture.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.33,0:00:39.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.35,0:00:41.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.04,0:00:43.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A misguided, indiscreet, 17 year old
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.45,0:00:45.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who initially wanted to be
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.12,0:00:47.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an economist.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.10,0:00:49.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But now I study psychology.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.53,0:00:52.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I also study faces,\Nyou'll see why in a minute,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.38,0:00:53.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, charisma.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.83,0:00:55.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I grew up in South Africa
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.17,0:00:57.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which cultivated my interest in charisma.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.30,0:00:59.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I saw my dad as a community leader
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.03,0:01:00.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,running for about a dozen elections
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.78,0:01:02.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and winning most of them.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.07,0:01:03.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I saw my mum managing her shop
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.74,0:01:05.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and getting the most out of her staff.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.73,0:01:07.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I saw South Africa transition peacefully
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.76,0:01:09.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from aparteid to democracy
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.18,0:01:10.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mostly because of one great leader.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.94,0:01:12.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nelson Mandela.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.41,0:01:14.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I have often wondered,\Nwhat is charisma?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.59,0:01:16.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can it be measured?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.07,0:01:17.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can it be developed?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.26,0:01:18.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I became a professor in the Faculty
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.94,0:01:20.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of Business and Economics
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.32,0:01:21.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the university of Lausanne.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.82,0:01:24.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But at times,\NI felt like a particle physicist
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.44,0:01:26.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,studying the Higgs field.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.45,0:01:28.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Charisma is hard to define,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.28,0:01:29.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hard to measure,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.51,0:01:31.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but its effects are evident to see.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.54,0:01:33.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like the Higgs field charisma gives mass,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.25,0:01:35.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gravitas,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.54,0:01:37.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not to particles, but to social movements.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.79,0:01:40.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just when I thought I was beginning\Nto make a bit of progress,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.97,0:01:43.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in 2005 my world was turned upside down.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.76,0:01:46.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A study published in the journal Science
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.10,0:01:48.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by Alex Todorov's lab\Nat Princeton University,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.81,0:01:52.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,showed that naive subjects\Nwere able to predict
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.06,0:01:54.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the results of congressional elections
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.34,0:01:56.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,merely by rating the faces
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.10,0:01:58.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the winner and runner up.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.14,0:02:01.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What? I thought when I heard it.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.16,0:02:02.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Impossible!
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.30,0:02:03.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Only in America!
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.96,0:02:05.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.62,0:02:07.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Would this work in Europe?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.47,0:02:10.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you can better understand what they did
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.40,0:02:12.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,take a look at these two guys.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.91,0:02:15.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By show of hands, who of the two
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.47,0:02:17.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,seems more competent?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.60,0:02:18.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,More intelligent?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.87,0:02:20.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,More leader-like?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.41,0:02:22.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Who thinks the guy on the right?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.42,0:02:24.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ok. A couple of hands there.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.26,0:02:25.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The guy on the left?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.87,0:02:27.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ok. Evident majority
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.49,0:02:29.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the majority got it right!
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.09,0:02:31.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, you don't know them.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.13,0:02:33.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These two guys\Nran for the Wisconsin senate seat.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.64,0:02:36.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the right, is Timothy Michels,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.54,0:02:37.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a Republican.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.77,0:02:39.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the left is Russell Feingold,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.37,0:02:40.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a Democrat.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.53,0:02:43.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Who actually went on to win.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.08,0:02:44.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whether a pro- or anti- whatever,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.02,0:02:47.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pro-gun, anti-gun, pro-God, anti-God,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.21,0:02:48.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pro-gay, anti-gay -
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.95,0:02:54.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a couple of seconds,\Na room of a couple of hundred people
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.26,0:02:57.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,predicted the voting outcomes\Nof a couple of million
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.30,0:02:59.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who had a lot more information\Nthan you did.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.76,0:03:01.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is there something in politician's faces
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.99,0:03:03.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that signals their competence,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.88,0:03:06.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or do we carry some evolutionary baggage
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.12,0:03:09.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that biases our judgement\Ntowards more beautiful, more symmetric
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.60,0:03:11.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and healthy looking faces?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.21,0:03:14.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I repeated the experiments here.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.20,0:03:16.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Suprisingly, Swiss subjects
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.20,0:03:17.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were able to predict the results
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.99,0:03:20.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of French parliamentary run off elections.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.13,0:03:22.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.59,0:03:24.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To entertain the evolutionary argument
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.61,0:03:27.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I re-ran the experiments with young,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.10,0:03:30.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very young children from 5 to 13 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.57,0:03:32.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, such young children don't know
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.53,0:03:35.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,competence, intelligence or leadership,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.16,0:03:37.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they do know what a boat captain is.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.44,0:03:40.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we asked them to play a boat game
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.78,0:03:42.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they had to select the boat captain
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.81,0:03:46.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from among the pairs of faces\Nof the French elections.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.02,0:03:49.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.95,0:03:53.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The kids were as accurate as the adults.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.42,0:03:56.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A 71% hit rate at the individual level,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.42,0:03:59.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and 85% hit rate\Nwhen we averaged the results.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.05,0:04:04.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A kid of 5 or 65 "voted" in the same way.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.43,0:04:06.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Come, let's try it here
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.39,0:04:09.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with some election races\Nfrom my experiments.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.25,0:04:12.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Who thinks the guy on the right
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.12,0:04:14.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would make a better boat captain?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.56,0:04:16.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Evident majority.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.74,0:04:18.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't even need to go to the left.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.83,0:04:20.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's try the next one.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.20,0:04:22.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Who says the guy on the right?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.23,0:04:23.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ok, 2 or 3 hands.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.71,0:04:25.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The guy on the left?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.07,0:04:26.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ok you guys are doing amazing!
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.95,0:04:28.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two more to go.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.63,0:04:30.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a test to see how normal you are.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.87,0:04:32.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ok, don't laugh!
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.48,0:04:33.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.63,0:04:35.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They haven't chosen their faces, ok.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.47,0:04:37.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Who says the guy on the right?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.55,0:04:38.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ok, hardly anyone.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.77,0:04:40.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The guy on the left?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.09,0:04:41.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Alright, evident majority.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.68,0:04:42.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Last pair.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.89,0:04:44.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Who says the lady on the right?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.42,0:04:45.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ok, majority already.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.92,0:04:47.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fantastic! Well done.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.36,0:04:49.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You guys did excellent. 5 out of 5.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.63,0:04:51.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You are normal,\Njust like the 5 five year olds!
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.85,0:04:53.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Give yourselves a round of applause.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.66,0:04:55.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Come on. Yeah, yeah you passed the test.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.89,0:04:57.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.57,0:04:58.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ok.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.83,0:05:03.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's how I felt when I actually\Npublished these results
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.98,0:05:05.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the journal Science.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.51,0:05:07.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was rocking. I was the man.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.25,0:05:08.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On top of the world!
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.77,0:05:13.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, in private, faced, yeah, faced
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.34,0:05:15.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with this result, I wondered,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.20,0:05:16.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what am I suppose to teach?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.95,0:05:19.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.95,0:05:21.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What am I supposed to teach
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.62,0:05:23.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if one's ability to succeed as a leader
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.58,0:05:24.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,depends on one's face?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.90,0:05:26.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How could I justify my professorship?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.69,0:05:28.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Should I change career
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.14,0:05:29.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and become a plastic surgeon?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.84,0:05:31.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.22,0:05:34.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have found similar "face effects"
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.38,0:05:35.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a variety of situations.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.80,0:05:38.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In politics, in academia
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.02,0:05:39.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the business world.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.66,0:05:41.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some expert I was on leadership.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.32,0:05:42.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I knew nothing!
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.49,0:05:46.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But one thing I knew for sure,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.05,0:05:48.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that we have a tag around our necks.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.01,0:05:49.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People size us up on how we look;
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.85,0:05:51.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our face, height, whatever
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.53,0:05:53.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and put a price on the tag.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.98,0:05:55.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we look like a million dollars,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.72,0:05:57.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they fill in the blanks
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.01,0:05:59.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and assume we have\Nlots of positive characteristics.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.84,0:06:01.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we don't look like a million dollars,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.80,0:06:03.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,well, then we have a problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.62,0:06:04.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.66,0:06:06.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I set out on a mission.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.24,0:06:10.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How can we change the price\Npeople put on our tag?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.30,0:06:18.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The answer - with charisma.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.62,0:06:21.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Charisma is symbolic influence
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.12,0:06:23.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rooted in values and emotions.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.30,0:06:26.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By symbolic I mean, represents something.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.40,0:06:27.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stands for something.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.90,0:06:29.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Something that can be seen,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.48,0:06:30.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,touched and smelled.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.86,0:06:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me show you the results of six studies
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.00,0:06:34.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my co-authors and I have undertaken
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.80,0:06:37.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all focusing on that alchemic ability\Nto connect.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.24,0:06:40.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We narrowed charisma down to several
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.30,0:06:41.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,charismatic leadership tactics,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.92,0:06:43.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which I will describe in a bit.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.68,0:06:46.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the first study we filmed EMBA students
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.50,0:06:47.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,giving a speech.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.27,0:06:50.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then we trained them to use the tactics
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.22,0:06:51.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and filmed them again.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.52,0:06:54.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Independent judges rated the speeches.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.26,0:06:56.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We found that the EMBA students were able
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.54,0:06:59.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to double their use\Nof the charismatic leadership tactics.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.46,0:07:01.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Charisma could be taught
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.30,0:07:04.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the more charismatic\Nleadership tactics were in the talk,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.24,0:07:07.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the more the students were seen\Nas leader-like by others.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.02,0:07:08.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This study is important
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.54,0:07:10.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we controlled\Nfor communication skills
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.80,0:07:13.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for the constant effects\Ndue to the target person,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.37,0:07:15.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which includes their face,\Nwhat they look like.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.46,0:07:18.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The EMBA students were able to change
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.62,0:07:21.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the price people put on their tags.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.24,0:07:22.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We found the same results
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.96,0:07:25.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a field experiment with managers.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.34,0:07:28.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We replicated this\Nusing only women leaders.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.67,0:07:31.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The use of these tactics\Nis not the province of men.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.48,0:07:33.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With these tactics we can predict
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.46,0:07:35.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who will become the President
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.12,0:07:37.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the United States of America
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.33,0:07:40.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this, controlling for incumbency
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.47,0:07:42.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for macro-economic effects.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.08,0:07:46.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Recently we've been interested to see\Nthe impact of charisma
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.24,0:07:48.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on worker performance.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.29,0:07:50.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We recruited 106 temporary workers,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.88,0:07:53.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to prepare postal mail\Nfor a fundraising campaign
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.90,0:07:55.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on behalf of a charity.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.36,0:07:56.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Unbeknown to the workers,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.94,0:07:58.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we randomised them
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.46,0:08:00.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into one of three conditions.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.32,0:08:02.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the first group, the baseline,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.82,0:08:05.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the workers had no bonuses and received
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.22,0:08:07.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a standard motivational speech\Ngiven by an actor.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.96,0:08:09.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A rather normal looking kind of guy.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.21,0:08:12.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I guess you would agree.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.92,0:08:15.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We motivated the second group with bonuses
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.71,0:08:18.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for good performance and they received
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.02,0:08:20.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the same standard speech too.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.06,0:08:23.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The third group, had no bonuses
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.38,0:08:26.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but received a charismatic\Nmotivational speech.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.46,0:08:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.00,0:08:31.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Relative to the baseline, both bonuses
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.50,0:08:35.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and charisma, significantly increased\Nworker performance,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.24,0:08:39.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and their effects\Nwere statistically indistinguishable.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.93,0:08:41.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This charisma result is crazy
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.38,0:08:44.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it's not well explained\Nby current economic theory.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.14,0:08:45.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We got increased performance,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.79,0:08:47.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,basically for free.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.35,0:08:49.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.11,0:08:52.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, charisma significantly decreased
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.36,0:08:53.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,production costs.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.93,0:08:55.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We got increased performance
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.34,0:08:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without paying economic incentives!
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.40,0:09:00.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Finally, we know that charisma works
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.54,0:09:03.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the micro-blogosphere, Twitter,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.46,0:09:06.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where text is limited to 140 characters.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.94,0:09:11.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We tracked 30 politicians and 30 CEOs\Nfor three months
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.66,0:09:14.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and coded all their tweets,\Nabout 3000 of them.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.96,0:09:17.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The more charismatic tactics tweets had,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.85,0:09:22.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the more they were retweeted\Nby the followers.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.38,0:09:24.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Going from zero to four tactics
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.38,0:09:27.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,increased retweets by over 450%.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.100,0:09:31.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know you're wondering,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.54,0:09:33.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"What are these charismatic tactics?"
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.96,0:09:36.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll let you in on a secret.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.40,0:09:37.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's quite simple, really.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.100,0:09:41.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To connect, a leader must do three things.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.35,0:09:46.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First, frame to give the vision.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.72,0:09:49.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Paint a picture and focus attention
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.68,0:09:51.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by using methaphor, stories
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.82,0:09:53.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and other techniques.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.77,0:09:56.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll give you examples of these in a bit.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.08,0:09:59.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Second, provide substance\Nfor the justification,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.89,0:10:02.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,express the sentiments of the collective,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.20,0:10:04.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and give confidence in goals.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.57,0:10:06.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Third, deliver in an animated
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.71,0:10:08.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and passionate way, using voice,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.68,0:10:10.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gestures and other tactics.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.58,0:10:13.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let me show you an example
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.60,0:10:15.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of how not to do it.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.27,0:10:21.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cognitive psychology theory suggests
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.26,0:10:24.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that when a target is described\Non a configuration of traits,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.37,0:10:27.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether clustered under an implicit\Nor explicit prototype,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.13,0:10:29.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,perceivers speciously impute the target
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.11,0:10:31.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with other traits that correlate\Nwith the original traits
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.80,0:10:33.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or with the prototype,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.03,0:10:35.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but which are not used\Nto describe the target.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.06,0:10:37.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What did I just say?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.57,0:10:38.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.84,0:10:41.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ok. Now maybe this kind of communication
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.16,0:10:44.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is useful when speaking\Nto a cognitive psychologist,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.11,0:10:46.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or to Sheldon from the Big Bang Theory.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.48,0:10:47.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.86,0:10:50.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Isn't it more engaging to hear -
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.02,0:10:53.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'm going to say the same thing\NI just said a few seconds ago -
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.35,0:10:55.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We all have a tag around our necks.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.16,0:10:56.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People size us up on how we look,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.85,0:10:58.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our face, height, whatever
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.28,0:10:59.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and put a price on the tag.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.59,0:11:01.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we look like a million dollars,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.35,0:11:02.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they fill in the blanks
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.88,0:11:05.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and assume we have\Nlots of positive characteristics.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.47,0:11:07.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now that was an example of using metaphor.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.77,0:11:12.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Metaphors simplify, aid in recall\Nand provide a visual.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.75,0:11:15.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, charisma is all about
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.60,0:11:17.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,being able to get a vision across,\Nthat sticks.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.84,0:11:20.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are a variety of ways to do this.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.01,0:11:22.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me give you another example.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.63,0:11:24.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you may be wondering,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.25,0:11:26.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Can I learn charisma?"
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.04,0:11:28.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"If I use the tactics,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.55,0:11:30.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will people notice\Nthat I am using them?"
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.80,0:11:33.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Would using them\Nmake my team more effective?"
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.49,0:11:36.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I used the following combination:
Dialogue: 0,0:11:36.20,0:11:38.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rhetorical questions,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.28,0:11:39.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which create a puzzle,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.69,0:11:41.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an intrigue to be solved.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.90,0:11:44.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A list of three. Why three?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.35,0:11:46.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, three is indicative of a pattern,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.25,0:11:50.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,suggests completeness and sounds nice.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.26,0:11:51.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Did you notice?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.74,0:11:53.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Three reasons!
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.79,0:11:55.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I also expressed the sentiments
Dialogue: 0,0:11:55.89,0:11:57.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the collective,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:57.07,0:12:00.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to close the psychological gap between us.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:01.88,0:12:04.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How about the following combination?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.07,0:12:07.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're not here to talk about\Nacademic mumbo jumbo.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.29,0:12:09.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're here to talk about
Dialogue: 0,0:12:09.70,0:12:11.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the practical realities of leadership
Dialogue: 0,0:12:11.71,0:12:13.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it is your duty to exercise it
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.41,0:12:16.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a morally responsible\Nand effective way. Is it not?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:17.47,0:12:19.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I focused your attention using a contrast,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:19.94,0:12:22.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We're not here to do this, but that,"
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.80,0:12:26.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,capturing the sentiments\Nof the collective too.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.18,0:12:28.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hands up, who here wants to listen
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.42,0:12:30.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to academic mumbo jumbo?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.11,0:12:33.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ok. No one. I thought so!
Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.75,0:12:36.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sometimes we have one or two\NSheldons in the room.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.38,0:12:37.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:12:37.84,0:12:41.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I turned the contrast\Ninto a three-part list
Dialogue: 0,0:12:41.17,0:12:45.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I finished it off\Nwith a rhetorical question.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.81,0:12:49.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I also used moral conviction,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.05,0:12:51.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one of the key tactics,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:51.46,0:12:54.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which signals one's values
Dialogue: 0,0:12:54.18,0:12:55.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and makes a contract
Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.47,0:12:57.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on which one is to be judged.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.66,0:12:59.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now there are other tactics,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:59.61,0:13:02.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like telling captivating stories
Dialogue: 0,0:13:02.46,0:13:05.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which creates identification\Nwith the protagonists,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.45,0:13:07.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,aids in seeing the vision
Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.78,0:13:10.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and really recounting the moral message.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.91,0:13:13.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course, delivery is very important too.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:14.78,0:13:18.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, there might be some of you\Nin the audience still thinking,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:18.09,0:13:20.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Yeah right, are you kidding me?"
Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.58,0:13:23.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Are you telling me\Nthat metaphors and stories
Dialogue: 0,0:13:23.26,0:13:24.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will make a difference?"
Dialogue: 0,0:13:25.58,0:13:27.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes they can.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:28.19,0:13:30.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Remember the experiment I showed you
Dialogue: 0,0:13:30.69,0:13:32.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the actor?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:34.47,0:13:37.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where we found\Nthat charisma and bonuses
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.54,0:13:40.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,got the same\Nincrease in performance?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:40.44,0:13:42.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, when I first proposed
Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.55,0:13:44.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we use metaphors and stories
Dialogue: 0,0:13:44.76,0:13:47.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to motivate the workers\Nin the charismatic condition,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:47.38,0:13:49.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my co-authors, who are economists,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:49.53,0:13:51.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were very skeptical\Nthat metaphors and stories
Dialogue: 0,0:13:51.89,0:13:53.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would make workers work harder.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.58,0:13:55.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, they tried their best to convince me
Dialogue: 0,0:13:55.53,0:13:58.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to take the stuff out,\Nbut I held firm and we kept it in,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:58.65,0:14:00.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I truly believed\Nin the power of words.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.98,0:14:03.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me tell you what finally happened.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:03.05,0:14:04.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In one part of the actor's speech,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:04.87,0:14:06.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he was urging the workers to prepare
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.92,0:14:08.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as many letters as possible
Dialogue: 0,0:14:08.39,0:14:09.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the fundraising drive.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:09.89,0:14:11.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the standard speech condition,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:11.53,0:14:14.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether without bonuses or with bonuses,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:14.11,0:14:17.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we asked him to say something like this\Nto the workers,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:17.06,0:14:19.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'm very briefly summarising.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:19.84,0:14:21.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He told the workers to see
Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.45,0:14:23.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how many people were in the room.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:23.02,0:14:25.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And all the other people\Nwe had hired to do this task.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:25.74,0:14:28.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That every extra letter they prepared
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.24,0:14:31.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could potentially make\Na life changing change
Dialogue: 0,0:14:31.81,0:14:34.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to a child who had cancer or whatever.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:35.72,0:14:37.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in the charisma condition,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.33,0:14:39.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we told him to say the following:
Dialogue: 0,0:14:40.66,0:14:42.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you might think,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:42.26,0:14:44.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Well, I'll just do what I have to.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:44.92,0:14:47.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Will my extra effort help?"
Dialogue: 0,0:14:47.72,0:14:48.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes it will!
Dialogue: 0,0:14:49.18,0:14:51.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This reminds me of a story of an old man
Dialogue: 0,0:14:51.40,0:14:53.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who, while walking along the seashore,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:53.38,0:14:55.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,saw a young girl picking up starfish
Dialogue: 0,0:14:55.45,0:14:57.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and throwing them into the sea.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:57.15,0:14:59.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The old man approached her saying,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:59.23,0:15:00.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"What are you doing?"
Dialogue: 0,0:15:00.85,0:15:03.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She replied, "I'm picking up starfish
Dialogue: 0,0:15:03.05,0:15:04.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and throwing them into the sea,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:04.78,0:15:07.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the sun's coming up\Nand the starfish will die."
Dialogue: 0,0:15:07.83,0:15:09.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"But," said the man,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:09.36,0:15:11.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"there are thousands of starfish
Dialogue: 0,0:15:11.68,0:15:14.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the sun's already high\Nand the tide is going out.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:14.12,0:15:17.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How can you possibly make a difference?"
Dialogue: 0,0:15:17.62,0:15:19.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The girl bent down, picked up a starfish
Dialogue: 0,0:15:19.90,0:15:21.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,threw it into the sea and said,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:21.51,0:15:23.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Well, I made a difference to that one."
Dialogue: 0,0:15:25.37,0:15:26.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now when you have time,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:26.60,0:15:30.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,go back and see what tactics\NI used throughout my presentation.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:30.44,0:15:32.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm sure you'll have fun
Dialogue: 0,0:15:32.34,0:15:34.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,trying out these tactics\Nin your everyday lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:34.63,0:15:37.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Put the price you want, on your tags.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:39.45,0:15:42.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then, go out there and make a difference!
Dialogue: 0,0:15:43.97,0:15:46.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, what are you going to do?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:48.46,0:15:49.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:49.84,0:15:52.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a big thanks to my co-authors\Nand to my family too,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:52.44,0:15:54.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who have taught me\Nso much about leadership.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:54.70,0:15:56.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thanks. Thank you!\N(Applause)