[Script Info] Title: [Events] Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.71,0:00:19.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How would you feel if I was to tell you Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.61,0:00:22.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that nutrition science\Nhas come such a long way Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.91,0:00:26.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that in my hand I have\Nsome pretty special pills. Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.50,0:00:28.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You’re never going to have to eat again, Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.86,0:00:31.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You won't be eating any meals, Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.34,0:00:33.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all you need to do\Nis take one of these pills Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.46,0:00:36.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,breakfast, lunch, and dinner\Nfor the rest of your life Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.30,0:00:39.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's going to give you\Nthe perfect balance of protein, Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.96,0:00:41.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,carbohydrates, and fat. Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.63,0:00:44.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is going to give you\Nthe number of calories or kilojoules Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.72,0:00:48.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you need to stay at exactly\Nthe perfect weight for your body. Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.37,0:00:50.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's going to give you\Nall of the antioxidants Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.60,0:00:52.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what we call phytochemicals Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.48,0:00:54.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which just means plants nutrients,\Nplant chemicals Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.96,0:00:56.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are good for us. Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.14,0:00:58.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All in this amazing little pills. Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.07,0:00:59.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Isn’t science amazing? Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.83,0:01:01.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How would you feel? Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.35,0:01:04.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Booing) Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.40,0:01:07.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,“Boo!” Yes.\NThat's what I was hoping for. Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.84,0:01:11.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I hope you are feeling,\N“God, that would be awful!" Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.16,0:01:13.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"How disappointing!” Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.33,0:01:16.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I hope there are some memories\Ncoming into your mind right now. Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.59,0:01:18.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They certainly are in mine. Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.07,0:01:20.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I remember my mom’s awesome lasagna Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.36,0:01:21.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that she always used to make Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.73,0:01:23.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we’d used to appear\Nas millions of people Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.88,0:01:25.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she had twenty mouths to feed Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.52,0:01:27.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she would whip up this lasagna. Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.51,0:01:30.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I remember my grandmother\Nused to make this extraordinary Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.25,0:01:31.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gingerbread cake Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.84,0:01:35.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that my mother could never replicate\Ndespite being the better cook. Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.25,0:01:38.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I remember the pancakes\Nthat the grandmother of a family friend Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.62,0:01:41.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,always made us whenever us kids\Nappeared at their house. Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.34,0:01:46.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I remember being a teenager\Ndoing exchanges with a student in France Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.18,0:01:49.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we had bowls of hot chocolate\Nwith white bread Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.53,0:01:52.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,yes, white baguette with butter and jam Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.48,0:01:54.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we dipped it into our hot chocolates. Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.46,0:01:57.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I remember the amazing paellas\Nthat we used to have as a family Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.79,0:02:01.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Spain on our family holidays. Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.93,0:02:07.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The point is food is much much more\Nthan a bit of nutrients. Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.73,0:02:10.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You’d be pleased to know\Nthat science is not nearly at this point. Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.59,0:02:13.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank goodness, Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.32,0:02:16.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because food is more\Nthan the nutrients that it contains. Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.20,0:02:19.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Food is part of who we are. Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.06,0:02:21.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Food is part of our culture. Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.14,0:02:22.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is part of our upbringing. Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.95,0:02:26.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It’s part of how we negotiate\Nand interact with each other. Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.82,0:02:30.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just think about, those of you\Nin the room with a partner, Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.03,0:02:33.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what did you do on your first dates? Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.57,0:02:36.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm willing to bet that you\Nwent for dinner at some point. Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.38,0:02:38.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What do we do when we're celebrating? Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.75,0:02:42.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Apart from popping open the champagne,\Nwe probably have some celebratory cake Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.59,0:02:43.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or we have some food. Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.98,0:02:47.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What do we do at Christmas and New Year?\NWhat do we do at funerals? Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.43,0:02:49.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Food is always involved. Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.14,0:02:51.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I’ve traveled to some pretty\Nremote places in the world Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.71,0:02:53.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it’s the same everywhere you go, Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.58,0:02:55.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether you're in the most\Nmodern urbanized city Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.85,0:02:59.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or whether you're in some village\Nin the middle of Africa somewhere; Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.09,0:03:01.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people want to share food with you. Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.46,0:03:03.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The sharing of food\Nis the sense of friendship, Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.86,0:03:07.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a sense of who we are as human beings. Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.18,0:03:09.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And here's my concern, Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.40,0:03:10.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that ... Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.50,0:03:14.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'm a Nutrition Scientist,\NI’ve devoted my career to the space; Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.64,0:03:19.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my concern is that nutrition\Nis destroying some of those things. Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.96,0:03:21.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But here's the problem, Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.28,0:03:25.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we do have quite literally\Na big problem. Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.96,0:03:27.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here in Australia, Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.08,0:03:30.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and unfortunately\Nin most of the rest of the world, Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.04,0:03:32.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,certainly all of the developed world,\N Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.84,0:03:35.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, fastly catching us up,\Nthe developing world, Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.97,0:03:39.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is now the norm in Australia to be fat. Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.88,0:03:41.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now that's not an aesthetic problem. Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.98,0:03:45.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm not here to talk about body image,\Nthat's a whole other talk. Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.04,0:03:49.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that problem coaches us in\Na whole number of chronic health diseases. Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.22,0:03:52.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We know that diabetes is on the rise. Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.69,0:03:56.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Type 2 diabetes is now the fastest-growing\Nchronic disease in this country Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.54,0:03:59.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and 280 of us are diagnosed\Nevery single day. Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.49,0:04:04.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every 12 minutes an Australian dies\Nof cardiovascular disease. Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.26,0:04:08.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ladies, one in three of us\Nwill develop cancer Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.19,0:04:13.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and guys, I'm sorry, one in two of you\Nwill develop cancer before you're 85. Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.98,0:04:16.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, while much of that\Ncan't be prevented, Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.17,0:04:20.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we do know that diet, and lifestyle Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.24,0:04:25.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but diet is intricately involved in all\Nof those chronic diseases. Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.51,0:04:28.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we were to change the way that we eat, Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.62,0:04:32.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we could dramatically\Nreduce those numbers; Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.15,0:04:35.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we could dramatically reduce\Nthe early death that is in this country Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.55,0:04:39.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and dramatically improve\Nthe quality of life Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.25,0:04:40.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for so many people. Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.24,0:04:44.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, why is it that it’s so hard to do? Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.98,0:04:48.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you've ever tried to follow a diet, Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.12,0:04:50.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,isn’t that an awful word? Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.72,0:04:54.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I hate calling myself a dietitian\Nbecause that word “diet” is in there. Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.09,0:04:58.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But diet really just means\Nthe way that we eat Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.69,0:05:00.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what we are eating. Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.04,0:05:02.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It’s really hard to change\Nthe way that we do Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.53,0:05:08.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and part of that is because\Nof how ingrained the way that we eat is Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.08,0:05:10.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the way that we live today. Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.67,0:05:12.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, how you’ve been brought up to eat Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.54,0:05:16.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will always have a dramatic influence\Non the way that you’re eating today Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.39,0:05:18.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the way that your future children Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.22,0:05:20.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the next generation comes through. Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.47,0:05:25.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I also feel that part of the problem\Nis the amount of confusion. Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.39,0:05:27.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was involved in a recent survey Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.50,0:05:30.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we asked people about\Nhow they felt about healthy eating Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.56,0:05:32.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether they were confused by it. Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.23,0:05:36.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,87% of people said that\Nthey were completely confused Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.48,0:05:38.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by what on earth is healthy eating. Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.27,0:05:41.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That’s coming from\Nsome of the media sensationalism Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.100,0:05:43.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we have around this area. Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.45,0:05:45.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And don’t get me wrong,\NI’m involved in the media Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.77,0:05:48.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I love that people are so passionate\Nabout this area, Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.53,0:05:52.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but unfortunately, it ends up in some\Nthings being slightly skewed and bent Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.87,0:05:56.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what was the truth kind of gets bent\Nout of all proportion. Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.57,0:05:58.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, let’s take butter as an example. Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.47,0:06:02.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Did you see the Times magazine\Nnot so long ago Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.60,0:06:04.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where it had "butter"\Nin the front cover and said: Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.98,0:06:07.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"There’s hope.\NThe scientists have got it all wrong". Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.82,0:06:10.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And suddenly my Facebook page\Nand other people’s Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.27,0:06:11.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were going crazy saying: Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.63,0:06:15.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,“Yes! Burgers and bacon and everything\Nare all back on the menu!”. Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.99,0:06:19.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That wasn’t what the research\Nshowed at all. Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.69,0:06:22.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The research actually showed that,\Nhang on a minute, Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.18,0:06:25.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if we replace saturated fat\Nwith a bunch of refined carbohydrates Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.50,0:06:30.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are in just as bad a state,\Npossibly even worse. Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.49,0:06:32.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That’s actually what the research showed. Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.52,0:06:33.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Did the research say: Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.58,0:06:36.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,“Hey, saturated fats\Nare actually really good for us”? Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.13,0:06:38.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No, they didn't. Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.64,0:06:41.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It questions, yes,\Nthe relationship between Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.30,0:06:43.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,saturated fat and cardiovascular disease Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.37,0:06:46.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but that’s one aspect\Nof saturated fats in our body. Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.19,0:06:50.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It certainly didn’t show us that, "Hey,\Neating saturated fat reduces your risk". Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.96,0:06:54.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No, it didn’t say that,\Nbut that’s the media reporting. Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.51,0:06:57.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that’s just one example\Nout of many that are showing us Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.82,0:07:00.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how we’re actually\Ncausing more confusion. Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.56,0:07:03.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, let’s take a little trip back\Nthrough my lifetime, Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.28,0:07:06.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because essentially the thing\Nthat I want to remind you about Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.18,0:07:10.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that we haven’t really got fat\Nuntil the last 50 or so years. Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.17,0:07:11.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I’m not that old Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.35,0:07:14.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but really is just those last few decades Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.44,0:07:17.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we are starting to have\Nthis really major problem. Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.03,0:07:18.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, here’s what I’ve seen happen. Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.78,0:07:22.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I was a teenager, mom and I\Nfirst got interested in trying to diet, Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.19,0:07:24.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,became aware of my body and thinking, Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.16,0:07:25.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,“I've got to be skinnier". Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.16,0:07:26.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Skinny equals beauty Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.42,0:07:30.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unfortunately in this country\Nand in the UK where I grew up. Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.09,0:07:31.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And here’s what happened: Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.51,0:07:34.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mom and I embarked\Non a whole bunch of diets. Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.24,0:07:36.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We did the Cambridge diet, Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.04,0:07:38.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was all shakes and pills and so on. Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.84,0:07:40.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We were both ill by about day 3 in bed, Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.73,0:07:43.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we decided: "Ok,\Nmaybe that’s not the way to go". Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.22,0:07:46.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then we tried something else\Ncalled the Scarsdale diet, Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.02,0:07:48.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that involved eating\Na dry piece of wholemeal toast Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.54,0:07:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the morning with an orange, Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.00,0:07:52.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I ate that breakfast\Nfor I don’t know how many weeks. Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.18,0:07:54.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I couldn’t do it today. Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.66,0:07:56.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tuna sandwiches I still struggle with Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.50,0:07:58.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,‘cause we had tuna sandwiches\Nevery lunchtime, Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.64,0:08:00.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a piece a fruit, a low-fat yogurt, so on. Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.60,0:08:01.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We tried everything Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.76,0:08:04.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and finally\Nwe settled on the low-fat diet, Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.14,0:08:07.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and of course that was the era\Nof the low-fat way of eating. Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.31,0:08:11.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I remember eating\Nan entire French baguette Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.78,0:08:15.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it was fat free,\Nso guess what? Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.24,0:08:17.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In here, license to eat. Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.79,0:08:19.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that’s exactly what we see. Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.87,0:08:23.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, the low-fat era took off,\Nand what happened? Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.14,0:08:26.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Food companies responded\Nto our need for low fat Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.64,0:08:30.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by giving us a whole bunch\Nof low-fat food. Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.38,0:08:33.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Unfortunately,\Nit was full of refined starch, Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.79,0:08:36.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lots of added sugars, additives\Nand preservatives, Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.38,0:08:38.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and whatever else, flavors galore Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.15,0:08:41.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to try and make the food taste\Neven remotely good. Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.20,0:08:45.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Psychologically, we all had\Nthat license to eat. Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.49,0:08:48.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,“Oh, it’s fat free,\Ntherefore, calorie free, Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.53,0:08:50.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can eat as much as I like”. Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.06,0:08:51.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That’s the way that we interpreted it Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.84,0:08:54.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we continued to get fatter. Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.68,0:08:56.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So then, suddenly\Nthe finger of blame went: Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.93,0:08:59.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,“Hang on a minute, we’ve got it all wrong, Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.06,0:09:01.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it’s not fat, it’s carbs! Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.29,0:09:03.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It’s carbs that are to blame. Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.03,0:09:06.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Go back to eating lots of fat.\NLet’s focus on the carbs". Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.62,0:09:08.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that’s kinda where\Nwe are at the moment. Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.67,0:09:11.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I went shopping, and normally Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.19,0:09:13.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you’d expect a little shopping basket\Nto be full of food. Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.88,0:09:17.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here there’s not very much food,\Nbut this is what people are eating. Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.09,0:09:19.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, now we’ve got a whole bunch\Nof products here. Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.38,0:09:21.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This one says "Raw protein". Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.92,0:09:24.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, we are fixated\Nwith the problem is carbs. Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.53,0:09:27.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is raw protein and in the ingredients Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.71,0:09:30.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,says it’s got brown rice syrup\Nand brown rice protein. Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.63,0:09:32.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do you reckon\Nthey got it out of brown rice? Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.100,0:09:34.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yet this is called the raw bar. Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.69,0:09:37.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We’ve got "Think thin".\NCookies and cream. Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.21,0:09:42.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We’ve got high-protein, low-carb bars\Nin chocolate flavor. Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.28,0:09:44.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know what we want:\Nour cake and eat it, Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.36,0:09:45.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we really do. Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.37,0:09:47.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And things that make it sound like: Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.27,0:09:49.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,“Eat this and I’ll get you burning fat”. Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.41,0:09:52.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All of those bars in here\Nhave more than a thousand kilojoules Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.85,0:09:54.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but you know what we are scared of? Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.73,0:09:56.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.23,0:09:59.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,God forbid you eat a banana. Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.24,0:10:00.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's carbs. Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.14,0:10:03.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It’s going to go straight to the belly. Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.11,0:10:04.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That’s the situation we are in. Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.74,0:10:05.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We’ve got cookie. Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.84,0:10:08.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, we really wanna have\Nthe chocolate, the sugary, Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.77,0:10:11.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the cakes, the biscuits,\Nso we’ve got this kind of thing Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.45,0:10:12.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"naturally good". Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.45,0:10:14.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It’s free of pretty much everything. Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.46,0:10:16.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But you know what’s in it? Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.36,0:10:18.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Basically rice, butter and sugar. Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.15,0:10:20.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just happens to be gluten-free flour. Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.17,0:10:22.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the situation we are in Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.95,0:10:24.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where people are completely confused, Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.72,0:10:26.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the food industry keeps responding Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.57,0:10:28.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by giving us more and more of what? Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.47,0:10:31.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's a basket, apart from my banana, Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.66,0:10:34.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of processed food. Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.38,0:10:39.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I live in Bondi, and I went\Ninto one of the local whole foods cafes, Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.66,0:10:42.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it’s honestly called Whole Foods,\Nthat’s on its banner. Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.51,0:10:44.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They serve these\Namazing green smoothies Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.96,0:10:47.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I asked for the green smoothie\Nwithout the protein powder. Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.98,0:10:50.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She looked and recognized\Nwho I was and said: Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.13,0:10:52.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,“Why are you not having\Nthe protein powder?" Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.35,0:10:55.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Is this not a good protein powder?\NShould we have a better protein powder?” Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.92,0:10:58.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I said, “Because I don’t eat\Nprocessed food, Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.35,0:11:00.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or try not to eat too much of it". Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.04,0:11:03.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the dawning on her face\Nwas like, "Oh!" Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.80,0:11:06.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I could see she had never considered Dialogue: 0,0:11:06.08,0:11:10.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that this green pea protein powder\Nwas actually a processed food. Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.13,0:11:13.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, why is it that we are\Nkind of recognizing Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.54,0:11:15.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,processed carbs are not\Nall that good for us, Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.65,0:11:19.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we’ve certainly recognized\Nprocessed fat, trans fat Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.49,0:11:20.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are not good for us, Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.43,0:11:23.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but now we’re doing it with protein. Dialogue: 0,0:11:23.25,0:11:25.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We’re processing the life out of that Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.13,0:11:27.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and thinking that’s going to be\Nall our answers. Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.46,0:11:31.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when we look worldwide at the moment Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.67,0:11:35.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we’ve got a number of different\Nnutritional thinkings. Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.05,0:11:41.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We’ve got a very low-fat approach,\Nthat’s practically vegan, Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.02,0:11:43.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from Doctor Dean Ornish\Nover in the States. Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.22,0:11:44.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He’s got lots of great research, Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.80,0:11:48.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he’s shown some amazing studies\Nand published some amazing results. Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.47,0:11:52.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We’ve got doctor Loren Cordain,\Nwho’s the kinda father of the paleo diet Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.24,0:11:54.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm sure there’s some people in the room Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.20,0:11:56.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who might have tried or at least heard, Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.54,0:11:59.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it’s the most googled diet at the moment,\Nit’s paleo. Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.06,0:12:02.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That same Kathy, by the way,\Nthat serves the green smoothies, Dialogue: 0,0:12:02.71,0:12:07.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now serves paleo banana bread,\Npaleo brownies, paleo protein powder. Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.03,0:12:10.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where is paleo man eating any of that? Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.45,0:12:12.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we can’t see how ridiculous\Nthat is, can we? Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.17,0:12:18.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We’ve got the very low-carb approaches,\Nstarted of course by Doctor Atkinson, Dialogue: 0,0:12:19.16,0:12:22.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now incorporated by a whole bunch\Nof other different people, Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.05,0:12:24.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,still really popular\Nin the fitness industry. Dialogue: 0,0:12:24.49,0:12:28.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We’ve got the South Beach Diet\Nand the low GI diet. Dialogue: 0,0:12:30.41,0:12:33.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then we’ve got traditional diets\Naround the world Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.17,0:12:34.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like the Mediterranean diet, Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.82,0:12:36.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is actually pretty high in fat, Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.58,0:12:39.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it’s fats from really good stuff,\Nlike extra virgin olive oil, Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.76,0:12:41.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,avocados and nuts and seeds. Dialogue: 0,0:12:42.35,0:12:45.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Really solid evidence\Nbehind that kind of a diet. Dialogue: 0,0:12:45.19,0:12:48.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We’ve got a very contrasting diet,\Nbut they have Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.25,0:12:50.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some of the longest living people\Nin the world in Japan: Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.88,0:12:51.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Japanese diet. Dialogue: 0,0:12:51.76,0:12:54.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Okinawans have\Nmore people that live to 100 Dialogue: 0,0:12:54.06,0:12:55.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than anyone else in the world. Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.79,0:13:01.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that diet has been studied extensively\Nto see, can we learn anything from this? Dialogue: 0,0:13:01.07,0:13:03.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's very low fat. Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.09,0:13:08.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So why did our low-fat thing not work\Nand theirs does? Dialogue: 0,0:13:08.97,0:13:11.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because when we look\Nat all those different approaches Dialogue: 0,0:13:11.98,0:13:14.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they have some commonalities, Dialogue: 0,0:13:14.53,0:13:18.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that commonality is\Nthat they’re based on real food, Dialogue: 0,0:13:18.16,0:13:19.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on whole foods. Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.13,0:13:22.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the state that we are at\Nin nutrition research - Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.62,0:13:25.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I need to remind you\Nthat nutrition research, Dialogue: 0,0:13:25.19,0:13:28.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or nutrition as a science,\Nis still a very very young science. Dialogue: 0,0:13:29.25,0:13:32.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We only discovered vitamins and minerals\Nlast century. Dialogue: 0,0:13:32.54,0:13:35.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have so much more\Nto understand and to know, Dialogue: 0,0:13:35.38,0:13:39.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so it’s a fascinating science to get into\Nand to study and to read about. Dialogue: 0,0:13:39.76,0:13:41.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there’s so much we need to know. Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.96,0:13:44.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there are,\Ndespite the apparent confusion, Dialogue: 0,0:13:44.98,0:13:48.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are some very clear messages\Ncoming out of this science. Dialogue: 0,0:13:48.75,0:13:52.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is that there are some foundations\Nthat we can all employ, Dialogue: 0,0:13:52.45,0:13:58.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the most important one of those\Nis that it is about eating more plants. Dialogue: 0,0:13:58.27,0:14:01.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We absolutely must eat more plant food.\NThat’s the first thing. Dialogue: 0,0:14:02.73,0:14:06.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the other interesting thing about\Nlooking at these traditional diets Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.58,0:14:08.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that seem to be so healthy Dialogue: 0,0:14:08.43,0:14:12.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is about the attitudes\Nto food in those places Dialogue: 0,0:14:12.98,0:14:14.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I’m going to give you three words Dialogue: 0,0:14:14.66,0:14:18.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I just want you to think about\Nwhich one of these is the odd one out: Dialogue: 0,0:14:18.48,0:14:22.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bread, pasta and butter. Dialogue: 0,0:14:22.84,0:14:24.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which one is the odd one out? Dialogue: 0,0:14:25.98,0:14:26.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Butter. Why? Dialogue: 0,0:14:26.96,0:14:29.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because bread and pasta are carbs. Dialogue: 0,0:14:30.58,0:14:33.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This question comes from\Na real psychology study Dialogue: 0,0:14:33.19,0:14:35.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was published a few years ago. Dialogue: 0,0:14:35.33,0:14:37.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,More than a decade ago\Nnow actually I think. Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.81,0:14:39.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they looked at the different cultures, Dialogue: 0,0:14:39.99,0:14:41.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they had the Americans, Dialogue: 0,0:14:41.48,0:14:43.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Belgians with the French, Dialogue: 0,0:14:43.82,0:14:45.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the Japanese. Dialogue: 0,0:14:45.74,0:14:48.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The French answered that question\Nby saying, Dialogue: 0,0:14:48.61,0:14:51.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,“Pasta is the odd one out,\N‘cause bread and butter go together”. Dialogue: 0,0:14:53.12,0:14:56.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Americans answered that question\Njust as some people here did Dialogue: 0,0:14:56.54,0:14:59.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by saying: "Bread and pasta go together\N‘cause they are carbs”. Dialogue: 0,0:15:00.32,0:15:02.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Who has the bigger problem with food? Dialogue: 0,0:15:02.80,0:15:06.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That study showed that the Americans\Nwere much more concerned and worried Dialogue: 0,0:15:06.62,0:15:08.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the foods that they buy, Dialogue: 0,0:15:08.15,0:15:12.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they were much more likely to buy\Nthe foods that are in my shopping basket. Dialogue: 0,0:15:13.57,0:15:15.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They didn’t place much priority, Dialogue: 0,0:15:15.83,0:15:19.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they certainly\Ndidn’t place much pleasure in food, Dialogue: 0,0:15:19.52,0:15:20.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whereas the French do. Dialogue: 0,0:15:20.88,0:15:21.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I was a student, Dialogue: 0,0:15:21.93,0:15:24.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I spent a summer waitressing\Nin a restaurant in Paris. Dialogue: 0,0:15:24.72,0:15:26.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it was in a business area Dialogue: 0,0:15:26.37,0:15:29.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what would happen\Nwhen all the local business people Dialogue: 0,0:15:29.04,0:15:30.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would come to the restaurant Dialogue: 0,0:15:30.40,0:15:33.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for a sit-down lunch with a knife and fork Dialogue: 0,0:15:33.28,0:15:35.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,converse and chat over the table Dialogue: 0,0:15:35.93,0:15:37.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then go back to work in the afternoon? Dialogue: 0,0:15:37.98,0:15:39.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What happens in Sydney? Dialogue: 0,0:15:39.26,0:15:41.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You’re lucky if you grab a sandwich\Non the way. Dialogue: 0,0:15:41.46,0:15:43.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People are eating in the street, Dialogue: 0,0:15:43.08,0:15:46.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,something my mother always told me\Nit was really rude to do. Dialogue: 0,0:15:46.03,0:15:49.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everything is grabbing on the run.\NEverything is on the run. Rush rush rush. Dialogue: 0,0:15:49.68,0:15:51.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don’t give any priority, Dialogue: 0,0:15:51.19,0:15:53.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we don’t give any respect\Nto food anymore. Dialogue: 0,0:15:54.56,0:15:57.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, when I was at school,\NI’m not particularly religious, Dialogue: 0,0:15:57.56,0:16:00.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but at school we had to say grace\Nbefore we ate our lunch. Dialogue: 0,0:16:00.52,0:16:03.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The whole school had to sit down\Nat our tables, Dialogue: 0,0:16:03.21,0:16:05.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we all chanted the grace, Dialogue: 0,0:16:05.17,0:16:07.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then everyone could start to eat. Dialogue: 0,0:16:08.48,0:16:11.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Something nice about that kind of respect, Dialogue: 0,0:16:11.18,0:16:14.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,'cause at the end of the day\Nwhat we have to recognise is that Dialogue: 0,0:16:14.14,0:16:17.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are really lucky that we have a choice. Dialogue: 0,0:16:17.18,0:16:21.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can choose to follow low carb,\Nor low fat, or paleo. Dialogue: 0,0:16:21.84,0:16:23.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have that choice. Dialogue: 0,0:16:24.33,0:16:25.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But where I want to leave you Dialogue: 0,0:16:25.77,0:16:28.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is by saying if we're really\Ngoing to get some change, Dialogue: 0,0:16:28.80,0:16:31.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and changing those awful statistics\Nthat are hitting Australia, Dialogue: 0,0:16:31.97,0:16:33.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I need you help. Dialogue: 0,0:16:33.79,0:16:35.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to lose the diet wars. Dialogue: 0,0:16:35.84,0:16:37.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to give up on the promises Dialogue: 0,0:16:37.68,0:16:40.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the quick fix is in the pills,\Npotions, and shakes, Dialogue: 0,0:16:40.37,0:16:42.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and everything’s going to do it for us Dialogue: 0,0:16:42.23,0:16:44.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without us putting in any effort ourselves Dialogue: 0,0:16:44.32,0:16:47.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we’ve got to go back\Nto eating real food. Dialogue: 0,0:16:47.61,0:16:50.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you can choose your ultimate diet. Dialogue: 0,0:16:50.29,0:16:53.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As long as you have those\Ncore whole food foundations Dialogue: 0,0:16:53.20,0:16:54.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with lots of plant food, Dialogue: 0,0:16:54.51,0:16:56.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether or not you choose to add meat Dialogue: 0,0:16:56.31,0:16:58.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or other animal products into it, Dialogue: 0,0:16:58.44,0:17:01.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then you can make it\Nindividualized to you. Dialogue: 0,0:17:01.48,0:17:03.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And above all, Dialogue: 0,0:17:03.56,0:17:06.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we absolutely must eat with joy. Dialogue: 0,0:17:06.45,0:17:09.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have to take pleasure\Nin what we are doing Dialogue: 0,0:17:09.04,0:17:12.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because otherwise you're not going to\Ndo it for the long term. Dialogue: 0,0:17:12.37,0:17:15.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It’s only when you change\Nfor the long term, Dialogue: 0,0:17:15.32,0:17:18.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you change the way your thought\Nprocesses work, Dialogue: 0,0:17:18.04,0:17:22.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that’s the only way that\Nwe’re actually going to get real change. Dialogue: 0,0:17:22.16,0:17:23.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I hope you’ll agree with me, Dialogue: 0,0:17:23.80,0:17:25.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that that is an idea worth spreading. Dialogue: 0,0:17:26.23,0:17:27.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you. Dialogue: 0,0:17:27.45,0:17:31.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)