0:00:16.713,0:00:19.613
How would you feel if I was to tell you

0:00:19.613,0:00:22.913
that nutrition science[br]has come such a long way

0:00:22.913,0:00:26.053
that in my hand I have[br]some pretty special pills.

0:00:26.503,0:00:28.863
You’re never going to have to eat again,

0:00:29.855,0:00:31.345
You won't be eating any meals,

0:00:31.345,0:00:33.465
all you need to do[br]is take one of these pills

0:00:33.465,0:00:36.295
breakfast, lunch, and dinner[br]for the rest of your life

0:00:36.295,0:00:39.959
and it's going to give you[br]the perfect balance of protein,

0:00:39.959,0:00:41.629
carbohydrates, and fat.

0:00:41.629,0:00:44.722
It is going to give you[br]the number of calories or kilojoules

0:00:44.722,0:00:48.372
that you need to stay at exactly[br]the perfect weight for your body.

0:00:48.372,0:00:50.602
It's going to give you[br]all of the antioxidants

0:00:50.602,0:00:52.482
and what we call phytochemicals

0:00:52.482,0:00:54.962
which just means plants nutrients,[br]plant chemicals

0:00:54.962,0:00:56.142
that are good for us.

0:00:56.142,0:00:58.072
All in this amazing little pills.

0:00:58.072,0:00:59.492
Isn’t science amazing?

0:01:00.831,0:01:01.971
How would you feel?

0:01:02.347,0:01:04.377
(Booing)

0:01:04.400,0:01:07.330
“Boo!” Yes.[br]That's what I was hoping for.

0:01:08.835,0:01:11.785
I hope you are feeling,[br]“God, that would be awful!"

0:01:12.162,0:01:13.332
"How disappointing!”

0:01:13.332,0:01:16.592
I hope there are some memories[br]coming into your mind right now.

0:01:16.592,0:01:18.072
They certainly are in mine.

0:01:18.072,0:01:20.362
I remember my mom’s awesome lasagna

0:01:20.362,0:01:21.732
that she always used to make

0:01:21.732,0:01:23.882
when we’d used to appear[br]as millions of people

0:01:23.882,0:01:25.522
and she had twenty mouths to feed

0:01:25.522,0:01:27.480
and she would whip up this lasagna.

0:01:27.508,0:01:30.248
I remember my grandmother[br]used to make this extraordinary

0:01:30.248,0:01:31.838
gingerbread cake

0:01:31.838,0:01:35.034
that my mother could never replicate[br]despite being the better cook.

0:01:35.251,0:01:38.621
I remember the pancakes[br]that the grandmother of a family friend

0:01:38.621,0:01:41.861
always made us whenever us kids[br]appeared at their house.

0:01:42.339,0:01:46.179
I remember being a teenager[br]doing exchanges with a student in France

0:01:46.179,0:01:49.529
and we had bowls of hot chocolate[br]with white bread

0:01:49.529,0:01:52.479
yes, white baguette with butter and jam

0:01:52.479,0:01:54.459
and we dipped it into our hot chocolates.

0:01:54.459,0:01:57.790
I remember the amazing paellas[br]that we used to have as a family

0:01:57.790,0:02:01.070
in Spain on our family holidays.

0:02:01.932,0:02:07.302
The point is food is much much more[br]than a bit of nutrients.

0:02:07.732,0:02:10.977
You’d be pleased to know[br]that science is not nearly at this point.

0:02:11.589,0:02:13.199
Thank goodness,

0:02:13.319,0:02:16.879
because food is more[br]than the nutrients that it contains.

0:02:17.202,0:02:19.062
Food is part of who we are.

0:02:19.062,0:02:21.142
Food is part of our culture.

0:02:21.142,0:02:22.952
It is part of our upbringing.

0:02:22.952,0:02:26.062
It’s part of how we negotiate[br]and interact with each other.

0:02:26.823,0:02:30.063
Just think about, those of you[br]in the room with a partner,

0:02:31.026,0:02:33.146
what did you do on your first dates?

0:02:33.566,0:02:36.376
I'm willing to bet that you[br]went for dinner at some point.

0:02:36.376,0:02:38.749
What do we do when we're celebrating?

0:02:38.749,0:02:42.589
Apart from popping open the champagne,[br]we probably have some celebratory cake

0:02:42.589,0:02:43.979
or we have some food.

0:02:43.979,0:02:47.291
What do we do at Christmas and New Year?[br]What do we do at funerals?

0:02:47.432,0:02:49.122
Food is always involved.

0:02:49.141,0:02:51.711
I’ve traveled to some pretty[br]remote places in the world

0:02:51.711,0:02:53.581
and it’s the same everywhere you go,

0:02:53.581,0:02:55.851
whether you're in the most[br]modern urbanized city

0:02:55.851,0:02:59.091
or whether you're in some village[br]in the middle of Africa somewhere;

0:02:59.091,0:03:01.461
people want to share food with you.

0:03:01.461,0:03:03.861
The sharing of food[br]is the sense of friendship,

0:03:03.861,0:03:07.831
a sense of who we are as human beings.

0:03:08.176,0:03:09.396
And here's my concern,

0:03:09.396,0:03:10.499
is that ...

0:03:10.499,0:03:14.644
and I'm a Nutrition Scientist,[br]I’ve devoted my career to the space;

0:03:14.644,0:03:19.044
my concern is that nutrition[br]is destroying some of those things.

0:03:19.960,0:03:21.280
But here's the problem,

0:03:21.280,0:03:25.120
because we do have quite literally[br]a big problem.

0:03:25.956,0:03:27.076
Here in Australia,

0:03:27.076,0:03:30.806
and unfortunately[br]in most of the rest of the world,

0:03:31.045,0:03:32.835
certainly all of the developed world,[br]

0:03:32.835,0:03:35.972
and, fastly catching us up,[br]the developing world,

0:03:35.972,0:03:39.492
it is now the norm in Australia to be fat.

0:03:39.881,0:03:41.981
Now that's not an aesthetic problem.

0:03:41.981,0:03:45.041
I'm not here to talk about body image,[br]that's a whole other talk.

0:03:45.041,0:03:49.901
But that problem coaches us in[br]a whole number of chronic health diseases.

0:03:50.220,0:03:52.690
We know that diabetes is on the rise.

0:03:52.690,0:03:56.540
Type 2 diabetes is now the fastest-growing[br]chronic disease in this country

0:03:56.540,0:03:59.890
and 280 of us are diagnosed[br]every single day.

0:04:00.490,0:04:04.950
Every 12 minutes an Australian dies[br]of cardiovascular disease.

0:04:05.261,0:04:08.191
Ladies, one in three of us[br]will develop cancer

0:04:08.191,0:04:13.371
and guys, I'm sorry, one in two of you[br]will develop cancer before you're 85.

0:04:13.976,0:04:16.796
Now, while much of that[br]can't be prevented,

0:04:17.169,0:04:20.239
we do know that diet, and lifestyle

0:04:20.239,0:04:25.189
but diet is intricately involved in all[br]of those chronic diseases.

0:04:26.509,0:04:28.619
If we were to change the way that we eat,

0:04:28.619,0:04:32.149
we could dramatically[br]reduce those numbers;

0:04:32.149,0:04:35.549
we could dramatically reduce[br]the early death that is in this country

0:04:35.549,0:04:39.249
and dramatically improve[br]the quality of life

0:04:39.249,0:04:40.709
for so many people.

0:04:41.237,0:04:44.617
So, why is it that it’s so hard to do?

0:04:45.983,0:04:48.693
If you've ever tried to follow a diet,

0:04:49.123,0:04:50.723
isn’t that an awful word?

0:04:50.723,0:04:54.533
I hate calling myself a dietitian[br]because that word “diet” is in there.

0:04:55.086,0:04:58.686
But diet really just means[br]the way that we eat

0:04:58.686,0:05:00.036
and what we are eating.

0:05:00.036,0:05:02.526
It’s really hard to change[br]the way that we do

0:05:02.526,0:05:08.081
and part of that is because[br]of how ingrained the way that we eat is

0:05:08.081,0:05:10.321
in the way that we live today.

0:05:10.671,0:05:12.541
So, how you’ve been brought up to eat

0:05:12.541,0:05:16.391
will always have a dramatic influence[br]on the way that you’re eating today

0:05:16.391,0:05:18.221
and the way that your future children

0:05:18.221,0:05:20.141
and the next generation comes through.

0:05:20.469,0:05:25.229
But I also feel that part of the problem[br]is the amount of confusion.

0:05:25.391,0:05:27.501
I was involved in a recent survey

0:05:27.501,0:05:30.561
where we asked people about[br]how they felt about healthy eating

0:05:30.561,0:05:32.231
whether they were confused by it.

0:05:32.231,0:05:36.481
87% of people said that[br]they were completely confused

0:05:36.481,0:05:38.681
by what on earth is healthy eating.

0:05:39.269,0:05:41.999
That’s coming from[br]some of the media sensationalism

0:05:41.999,0:05:43.454
that we have around this area.

0:05:43.454,0:05:45.774
And don’t get me wrong,[br]I’m involved in the media

0:05:45.774,0:05:48.534
and I love that people are so passionate[br]about this area,

0:05:48.534,0:05:52.874
but unfortunately, it ends up in some[br]things being slightly skewed and bent

0:05:52.874,0:05:56.574
and what was the truth kind of gets bent[br]out of all proportion.

0:05:56.574,0:05:58.814
So, let’s take butter as an example.

0:05:59.473,0:06:02.603
Did you see the Times magazine[br]not so long ago

0:06:02.603,0:06:04.983
where it had "butter"[br]in the front cover and said:

0:06:04.983,0:06:07.613
"There’s hope.[br]The scientists have got it all wrong".

0:06:07.820,0:06:10.270
And suddenly my Facebook page[br]and other people’s

0:06:10.270,0:06:11.630
were going crazy saying:

0:06:11.630,0:06:15.750
“Yes! Burgers and bacon and everything[br]are all back on the menu!”.

0:06:16.990,0:06:19.500
That wasn’t what the research[br]showed at all.

0:06:19.694,0:06:22.184
The research actually showed that,[br]hang on a minute,

0:06:22.184,0:06:25.904
if we replace saturated fat[br]with a bunch of refined carbohydrates

0:06:27.499,0:06:30.489
we are in just as bad a state,[br]possibly even worse.

0:06:30.489,0:06:32.519
That’s actually what the research showed.

0:06:32.519,0:06:33.579
Did the research say:

0:06:33.579,0:06:36.559
“Hey, saturated fats[br]are actually really good for us”?

0:06:37.130,0:06:38.640
No, they didn't.

0:06:38.640,0:06:41.300
It questions, yes,[br]the relationship between

0:06:41.300,0:06:43.370
saturated fat and cardiovascular disease

0:06:43.370,0:06:46.190
but that’s one aspect[br]of saturated fats in our body.

0:06:46.190,0:06:50.960
It certainly didn’t show us that, "Hey,[br]eating saturated fat reduces your risk".

0:06:50.960,0:06:54.500
No, it didn’t say that,[br]but that’s the media reporting.

0:06:54.511,0:06:57.821
So that’s just one example[br]out of many that are showing us

0:06:57.821,0:07:00.341
how we’re actually[br]causing more confusion.

0:07:00.561,0:07:03.281
So, let’s take a little trip back[br]through my lifetime,

0:07:03.281,0:07:06.181
because essentially the thing[br]that I want to remind you about

0:07:06.181,0:07:10.091
is that we haven’t really got fat[br]until the last 50 or so years.

0:07:10.166,0:07:11.346
I’m not that old

0:07:11.346,0:07:14.436
but really is just those last few decades

0:07:14.436,0:07:17.026
that we are starting to have[br]this really major problem.

0:07:17.026,0:07:18.782
So, here’s what I’ve seen happen.

0:07:18.782,0:07:22.192
When I was a teenager, mom and I[br]first got interested in trying to diet,

0:07:22.192,0:07:24.162
became aware of my body and thinking,

0:07:24.162,0:07:25.162
“I've got to be skinnier".

0:07:25.162,0:07:26.422
Skinny equals beauty

0:07:26.422,0:07:30.092
unfortunately in this country[br]and in the UK where I grew up.

0:07:30.092,0:07:31.512
And here’s what happened:

0:07:31.512,0:07:34.242
mom and I embarked[br]on a whole bunch of diets.

0:07:34.242,0:07:36.042
We did the Cambridge diet,

0:07:36.042,0:07:38.382
which was all shakes and pills and so on.

0:07:38.842,0:07:40.732
We were both ill by about day 3 in bed,

0:07:40.732,0:07:43.222
so we decided: "Ok,[br]maybe that’s not the way to go".

0:07:43.222,0:07:46.022
Then we tried something else[br]called the Scarsdale diet,

0:07:46.022,0:07:48.542
that involved eating[br]a dry piece of wholemeal toast

0:07:48.542,0:07:50.002
in the morning with an orange,

0:07:50.002,0:07:52.922
I ate that breakfast[br]for I don’t know how many weeks.

0:07:53.182,0:07:54.662
I couldn’t do it today.

0:07:54.662,0:07:56.502
Tuna sandwiches I still struggle with

0:07:56.502,0:07:58.642
‘cause we had tuna sandwiches[br]every lunchtime,

0:07:58.642,0:08:00.602
a piece a fruit, a low-fat yogurt, so on.

0:08:00.602,0:08:01.755
We tried everything

0:08:01.755,0:08:04.145
and finally[br]we settled on the low-fat diet,

0:08:04.145,0:08:07.565
and of course that was the era[br]of the low-fat way of eating.

0:08:08.314,0:08:11.744
I remember eating[br]an entire French baguette

0:08:11.784,0:08:15.224
because it was fat free,[br]so guess what?

0:08:15.244,0:08:17.344
In here, license to eat.

0:08:17.789,0:08:19.779
And that’s exactly what we see.

0:08:19.866,0:08:23.616
So, the low-fat era took off,[br]and what happened?

0:08:24.141,0:08:26.641
Food companies responded[br]to our need for low fat

0:08:26.641,0:08:30.401
by giving us a whole bunch[br]of low-fat food.

0:08:31.383,0:08:33.793
Unfortunately,[br]it was full of refined starch,

0:08:33.793,0:08:36.383
lots of added sugars, additives[br]and preservatives,

0:08:36.383,0:08:38.153
and whatever else, flavors galore

0:08:38.153,0:08:41.193
to try and make the food taste[br]even remotely good.

0:08:41.200,0:08:45.230
Psychologically, we all had[br]that license to eat.

0:08:45.492,0:08:48.532
“Oh, it’s fat free,[br]therefore, calorie free,

0:08:48.532,0:08:50.062
I can eat as much as I like”.

0:08:50.062,0:08:51.842
That’s the way that we interpreted it

0:08:51.842,0:08:54.112
and we continued to get fatter.

0:08:54.678,0:08:56.928
So then, suddenly[br]the finger of blame went:

0:08:56.928,0:08:59.058
“Hang on a minute, we’ve got it all wrong,

0:08:59.058,0:09:01.286
it’s not fat, it’s carbs!

0:09:01.286,0:09:03.026
It’s carbs that are to blame.

0:09:03.026,0:09:06.620
Go back to eating lots of fat.[br]Let’s focus on the carbs".

0:09:06.620,0:09:08.670
And that’s kinda where[br]we are at the moment.

0:09:08.670,0:09:11.190
So, I went shopping, and normally

0:09:11.190,0:09:13.860
you’d expect a little shopping basket[br]to be full of food.

0:09:13.880,0:09:17.090
Here there’s not very much food,[br]but this is what people are eating.

0:09:17.090,0:09:19.380
So, now we’ve got a whole bunch[br]of products here.

0:09:19.385,0:09:21.925
This one says "Raw protein".

0:09:21.925,0:09:24.815
So, we are fixated[br]with the problem is carbs.

0:09:25.526,0:09:27.706
This is raw protein and in the ingredients

0:09:27.706,0:09:30.626
says it’s got brown rice syrup[br]and brown rice protein.

0:09:30.626,0:09:32.996
How do you reckon[br]they got it out of brown rice?

0:09:32.996,0:09:34.688
Yet this is called the raw bar.

0:09:34.688,0:09:37.398
We’ve got "Think thin".[br]Cookies and cream.

0:09:38.210,0:09:42.280
We’ve got high-protein, low-carb bars[br]in chocolate flavor.

0:09:42.280,0:09:44.356
You know what we want:[br]our cake and eat it,

0:09:44.356,0:09:45.366
we really do.

0:09:45.366,0:09:47.266
And things that make it sound like:

0:09:47.266,0:09:49.306
“Eat this and I’ll get you burning fat”.

0:09:49.406,0:09:52.846
All of those bars in here[br]have more than a thousand kilojoules

0:09:52.846,0:09:54.614
but you know what we are scared of?

0:09:54.734,0:09:56.864
(Laughter)

0:09:57.234,0:09:59.204
God forbid you eat a banana.

0:09:59.244,0:10:00.804
It's carbs.

0:10:01.139,0:10:03.109
It’s going to go straight to the belly.

0:10:03.109,0:10:04.739
That’s the situation we are in.

0:10:04.739,0:10:05.839
We’ve got cookie.

0:10:05.839,0:10:08.769
You know, we really wanna have[br]the chocolate, the sugary,

0:10:08.769,0:10:11.449
the cakes, the biscuits,[br]so we’ve got this kind of thing

0:10:11.449,0:10:12.449
"naturally good".

0:10:12.449,0:10:14.459
It’s free of pretty much everything.

0:10:14.459,0:10:16.089
But you know what’s in it?

0:10:16.358,0:10:18.148
Basically rice, butter and sugar.

0:10:18.148,0:10:20.998
Just happens to be gluten-free flour.

0:10:21.174,0:10:22.954
This is the situation we are in

0:10:22.954,0:10:24.724
where people are completely confused,

0:10:24.724,0:10:26.574
and the food industry keeps responding

0:10:26.574,0:10:28.574
by giving us more and more of what?

0:10:29.467,0:10:31.657
That's a basket, apart from my banana,

0:10:31.657,0:10:34.067
of processed food.

0:10:35.384,0:10:39.664
I live in Bondi, and I went[br]into one of the local whole foods cafes,

0:10:39.664,0:10:42.514
it’s honestly called Whole Foods,[br]that’s on its banner.

0:10:42.514,0:10:44.964
They serve these[br]amazing green smoothies

0:10:44.964,0:10:47.984
and I asked for the green smoothie[br]without the protein powder.

0:10:47.984,0:10:50.134
She looked and recognized[br]who I was and said:

0:10:50.134,0:10:52.354
“Why are you not having[br]the protein powder?"

0:10:52.354,0:10:55.924
"Is this not a good protein powder?[br]Should we have a better protein powder?”

0:10:55.924,0:10:58.351
And I said, “Because I don’t eat[br]processed food,

0:10:58.351,0:11:00.041
or try not to eat too much of it".

0:11:00.041,0:11:03.801
and the dawning on her face[br]was like, "Oh!"

0:11:03.801,0:11:06.081
I could see she had never considered

0:11:06.081,0:11:10.371
that this green pea protein powder[br]was actually a processed food.

0:11:11.127,0:11:13.537
So, why is it that we are[br]kind of recognizing

0:11:13.537,0:11:15.647
processed carbs are not[br]all that good for us,

0:11:15.647,0:11:19.487
we’ve certainly recognized[br]processed fat, trans fat

0:11:19.487,0:11:20.887
are not good for us,

0:11:21.430,0:11:23.250
but now we’re doing it with protein.

0:11:23.250,0:11:25.130
We’re processing the life out of that

0:11:25.130,0:11:27.610
and thinking that’s going to be[br]all our answers.

0:11:29.464,0:11:31.674
So when we look worldwide at the moment

0:11:31.674,0:11:35.054
we’ve got a number of different[br]nutritional thinkings.

0:11:35.054,0:11:41.017
We’ve got a very low-fat approach,[br]that’s practically vegan,

0:11:41.017,0:11:43.217
from Doctor Dean Ornish[br]over in the States.

0:11:43.217,0:11:44.797
He’s got lots of great research,

0:11:44.797,0:11:48.467
he’s shown some amazing studies[br]and published some amazing results.

0:11:48.467,0:11:52.244
We’ve got doctor Loren Cordain,[br]who’s the kinda father of the paleo diet

0:11:52.244,0:11:54.204
I'm sure there’s some people in the room

0:11:54.204,0:11:56.544
who might have tried or at least heard,

0:11:56.544,0:11:59.058
it’s the most googled diet at the moment,[br]it’s paleo.

0:11:59.058,0:12:02.708
That same Kathy, by the way,[br]that serves the green smoothies,

0:12:02.708,0:12:07.538
now serves paleo banana bread,[br]paleo brownies, paleo protein powder.

0:12:08.031,0:12:10.311
Where is paleo man eating any of that?

0:12:10.451,0:12:12.851
But we can’t see how ridiculous[br]that is, can we?

0:12:13.174,0:12:18.904
We’ve got the very low-carb approaches,[br]started of course by Doctor Atkinson,

0:12:19.162,0:12:22.052
now incorporated by a whole bunch[br]of other different people,

0:12:22.052,0:12:24.283
still really popular[br]in the fitness industry.

0:12:24.493,0:12:28.593
We’ve got the South Beach Diet[br]and the low GI diet.

0:12:30.408,0:12:33.168
And then we’ve got traditional diets[br]around the world

0:12:33.168,0:12:34.818
like the Mediterranean diet,

0:12:34.818,0:12:36.578
which is actually pretty high in fat,

0:12:36.578,0:12:39.758
but it’s fats from really good stuff,[br]like extra virgin olive oil,

0:12:39.758,0:12:41.568
avocados and nuts and seeds.

0:12:42.353,0:12:45.193
Really solid evidence[br]behind that kind of a diet.

0:12:45.193,0:12:48.252
We’ve got a very contrasting diet,[br]but they have

0:12:48.252,0:12:50.882
some of the longest living people[br]in the world in Japan:

0:12:50.882,0:12:51.762
the Japanese diet.

0:12:51.762,0:12:54.012
The Okinawans have[br]more people that live to 100

0:12:54.056,0:12:55.726
than anyone else in the world.

0:12:55.793,0:13:01.073
So that diet has been studied extensively[br]to see, can we learn anything from this?

0:13:01.073,0:13:03.183
and it's very low fat.

0:13:05.086,0:13:08.966
So why did our low-fat thing not work[br]and theirs does?

0:13:08.966,0:13:11.976
Because when we look[br]at all those different approaches

0:13:11.976,0:13:14.526
they have some commonalities,

0:13:14.526,0:13:18.156
and that commonality is[br]that they’re based on real food,

0:13:18.156,0:13:19.962
on whole foods.

0:13:20.131,0:13:22.621
And the state that we are at[br]in nutrition research -

0:13:22.621,0:13:25.191
and I need to remind you[br]that nutrition research,

0:13:25.191,0:13:28.911
or nutrition as a science,[br]is still a very very young science.

0:13:29.251,0:13:32.541
We only discovered vitamins and minerals[br]last century.

0:13:32.541,0:13:35.381
We have so much more[br]to understand and to know,

0:13:35.381,0:13:39.431
so it’s a fascinating science to get into[br]and to study and to read about.

0:13:39.755,0:13:41.745
But there’s so much we need to know.

0:13:41.955,0:13:44.975
But there are,[br]despite the apparent confusion,

0:13:44.975,0:13:48.285
there are some very clear messages[br]coming out of this science.

0:13:48.754,0:13:52.334
that is that there are some foundations[br]that we can all employ,

0:13:52.454,0:13:58.271
the most important one of those[br]is that it is about eating more plants.

0:13:58.271,0:14:01.635
We absolutely must eat more plant food.[br]That’s the first thing.

0:14:02.729,0:14:06.579
But the other interesting thing about[br]looking at these traditional diets

0:14:06.579,0:14:08.429
that seem to be so healthy

0:14:08.429,0:14:12.271
is about the attitudes[br]to food in those places

0:14:12.981,0:14:14.661
I’m going to give you three words

0:14:14.661,0:14:18.441
and I just want you to think about[br]which one of these is the odd one out:

0:14:18.481,0:14:22.026
bread, pasta and butter.

0:14:22.836,0:14:24.556
Which one is the odd one out?

0:14:25.975,0:14:26.955
Butter. Why?

0:14:26.955,0:14:29.655
Because bread and pasta are carbs.

0:14:30.583,0:14:33.193
This question comes from[br]a real psychology study

0:14:33.193,0:14:35.333
that was published a few years ago.

0:14:35.333,0:14:37.513
More than a decade ago[br]now actually I think.

0:14:37.809,0:14:39.989
And they looked at the different cultures,

0:14:39.989,0:14:41.479
and they had the Americans,

0:14:41.479,0:14:43.819
the Belgians with the French,

0:14:43.819,0:14:45.459
and the Japanese.

0:14:45.742,0:14:48.392
The French answered that question[br]by saying,

0:14:48.612,0:14:51.822
“Pasta is the odd one out,[br]‘cause bread and butter go together”.

0:14:53.118,0:14:56.538
The Americans answered that question[br]just as some people here did

0:14:56.538,0:14:59.618
by saying: "Bread and pasta go together[br]‘cause they are carbs”.

0:15:00.324,0:15:02.724
Who has the bigger problem with food?

0:15:02.804,0:15:06.624
That study showed that the Americans[br]were much more concerned and worried

0:15:06.624,0:15:08.154
about the foods that they buy,

0:15:08.154,0:15:12.094
they were much more likely to buy[br]the foods that are in my shopping basket.

0:15:13.572,0:15:15.832
They didn’t place much priority,

0:15:15.832,0:15:19.302
and they certainly[br]didn’t place much pleasure in food,

0:15:19.518,0:15:20.878
whereas the French do.

0:15:20.878,0:15:21.928
When I was a student,

0:15:21.928,0:15:24.618
I spent a summer waitressing[br]in a restaurant in Paris.

0:15:24.717,0:15:26.367
And it was in a business area

0:15:26.367,0:15:29.037
and what would happen[br]when all the local business people

0:15:29.037,0:15:30.397
would come to the restaurant

0:15:30.397,0:15:33.277
for a sit-down lunch with a knife and fork

0:15:33.277,0:15:35.817
converse and chat over the table

0:15:35.927,0:15:37.977
and then go back to work in the afternoon?

0:15:37.977,0:15:39.257
What happens in Sydney?

0:15:39.257,0:15:41.457
You’re lucky if you grab a sandwich[br]on the way.

0:15:41.457,0:15:43.077
People are eating in the street,

0:15:43.077,0:15:46.027
something my mother always told me[br]it was really rude to do.

0:15:46.027,0:15:49.677
Everything is grabbing on the run.[br]Everything is on the run. Rush rush rush.

0:15:49.677,0:15:51.187
We don’t give any priority,

0:15:51.187,0:15:53.367
and we don’t give any respect[br]to food anymore.

0:15:54.560,0:15:57.560
You know, when I was at school,[br]I’m not particularly religious,

0:15:57.560,0:16:00.520
but at school we had to say grace[br]before we ate our lunch.

0:16:00.520,0:16:03.210
The whole school had to sit down[br]at our tables,

0:16:03.210,0:16:05.160
and we all chanted the grace,

0:16:05.170,0:16:07.080
and then everyone could start to eat.

0:16:08.485,0:16:11.175
Something nice about that kind of respect,

0:16:11.175,0:16:14.135
'cause at the end of the day[br]what we have to recognise is that

0:16:14.135,0:16:17.175
we are really lucky that we have a choice.

0:16:17.175,0:16:21.845
We can choose to follow low carb,[br]or low fat, or paleo.

0:16:21.845,0:16:23.505
We have that choice.

0:16:24.326,0:16:25.766
But where I want to leave you

0:16:25.766,0:16:28.796
is by saying if we're really[br]going to get some change,

0:16:28.796,0:16:31.966
and changing those awful statistics[br]that are hitting Australia,

0:16:31.966,0:16:33.335
I need you help.

0:16:33.792,0:16:35.842
We need to lose the diet wars.

0:16:35.842,0:16:37.682
We need to give up on the promises

0:16:37.682,0:16:40.372
that the quick fix is in the pills,[br]potions, and shakes,

0:16:40.372,0:16:42.232
and everything’s going to do it for us

0:16:42.232,0:16:44.322
without us putting in any effort ourselves

0:16:44.322,0:16:47.042
and we’ve got to go back[br]to eating real food.

0:16:47.614,0:16:50.293
And you can choose your ultimate diet.

0:16:50.293,0:16:53.203
As long as you have those[br]core whole food foundations

0:16:53.203,0:16:54.513
with lots of plant food,

0:16:54.513,0:16:56.313
whether or not you choose to add meat

0:16:56.313,0:16:58.443
or other animal products into it,

0:16:58.443,0:17:01.123
then you can make it[br]individualized to you.

0:17:01.483,0:17:03.123
And above all,

0:17:03.560,0:17:06.160
we absolutely must eat with joy.

0:17:06.447,0:17:09.037
We have to take pleasure[br]in what we are doing

0:17:09.037,0:17:12.367
because otherwise you're not going to[br]do it for the long term.

0:17:12.367,0:17:15.317
It’s only when you change[br]for the long term,

0:17:15.317,0:17:18.037
you change the way your thought[br]processes work,

0:17:18.037,0:17:22.156
that’s the only way that[br]we’re actually going to get real change.

0:17:22.156,0:17:23.796
And I hope you’ll agree with me,

0:17:23.796,0:17:25.846
that that is an idea worth spreading.

0:17:26.234,0:17:27.454
Thank you.

0:17:27.454,0:17:31.764
(Applause)