[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.11,0:00:11.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most people recognize his name
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.23,0:00:15.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and know that he is famous \Nfor having said something,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.69,0:00:19.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but considering the long-lasting impact\Nhis teachings have had on the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.83,0:00:24.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very few people know \Nwho Confucius really was,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.04,0:00:25.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what he really said,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.72,0:00:27.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and why.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.61,0:00:31.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Amid the chaos of 6th Century BCE China,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.25,0:00:35.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where warring states fought \Nendlessly among themselves for supremacy,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.57,0:00:38.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and rulers were frequently assassinated,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.18,0:00:40.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sometimes by their own relatives,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.49,0:00:44.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Confucius exemplified benevolence\Nand integrity,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.24,0:00:45.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and through his teaching,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.56,0:00:48.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,became one of China's \Ngreatest philosophers.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.90,0:00:52.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Born to a nobleman but raised in poverty\Nfrom a very young age
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.86,0:00:55.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,following the untimely \Ndeath of his father,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.52,0:00:57.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Confucius developed what would become
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.35,0:01:01.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a lifelong sympathy\Nfor the suffering of the common people.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.56,0:01:04.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Barely supporting his mother\Nand disabled brother
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.38,0:01:07.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a herder \Nand account keeper at a granary,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.20,0:01:08.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and with other odd jobs,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.88,0:01:11.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was only with \Nthe help of a wealthy friend
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.45,0:01:15.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that Confucius was able \Nto study at the Royal Archives,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.30,0:01:18.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where his world view would be formed.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.12,0:01:20.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Though the ancient texts there\Nwere regarded by some
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.91,0:01:23.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as irrelevant relics of the past,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.36,0:01:25.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Confucius was inspired by them.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.86,0:01:27.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Through study and reflection,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.33,0:01:31.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Confucius came to believe that \Nhuman character is formed in the family
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.83,0:01:36.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and by education in ritual, \Nliterature, and history.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.46,0:01:39.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A person cultivated in this way\Nworks to help others,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.83,0:01:43.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,guiding them by moral inspiration\Nrather than brute force.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.95,0:01:46.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To put his philosophy into practice,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.44,0:01:51.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Confucius became an advisor to the ruler\Nof his home state of Lu.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.50,0:01:56.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But after another state sent Lu's ruler\Na troop of dancing girls as a present
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.02,0:02:00.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the ruler ignored his duties\Nwhile enjoying the girls in private,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.66,0:02:03.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Confucius resigned in disgust.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.53,0:02:06.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He then spent the next few years\Ntraveling from state to state,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.65,0:02:12.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,trying to find a worthy ruler to serve,\Nwhile holding fast to his principles.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.33,0:02:14.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It wasn't easy.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.07,0:02:17.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In accordance with his philosophy,\Nand contrary to the practice of the time,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.95,0:02:23.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Confucius dissuaded rulers from relying\Non harsh punishments and military power
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.46,0:02:25.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to govern their lands
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.23,0:02:26.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because he believed that a good ruler
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.100,0:02:30.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,inspires others \Nto spontaneously follow him
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.08,0:02:33.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by virtue of his ethical charisma.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.12,0:02:34.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Confucius also believed
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.44,0:02:37.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that because the love and respect\Nwe learn in the family
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.56,0:02:40.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are fundamental to all other virtues,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.13,0:02:45.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,personal duties to family sometimes\Nsupersede obligations to the state.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.26,0:02:48.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when one duke bragged \Nthat his subjects were so upright
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.83,0:02:51.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that a son testified \Nagainst his own father
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.89,0:02:53.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when his father stole a sheep,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.72,0:02:55.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Confucius informed the duke
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.62,0:03:00.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that genuinely upright fathers \Nand sons protected one another.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.46,0:03:03.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,During his travels, \NConfucius almost starved,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.13,0:03:04.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he was briefly imprisoned,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.79,0:03:07.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and his life was threatened \Nat several points.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.98,0:03:09.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But he was not bitter.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.55,0:03:13.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Confucius had faith that heaven\Nhad a plan for the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.08,0:03:14.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he taught that a virtuous person
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.88,0:03:18.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could always find joy \Nin learning and music.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.76,0:03:21.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Failing to find the ruler he sought,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.08,0:03:23.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Confucius returned to Lu
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.14,0:03:26.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and became a teacher and philosopher\Nso influential,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.32,0:03:29.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that he helped shaped Chinese culture
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.01,0:03:32.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we recognize his name worldwide, \Neven today.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.99,0:03:34.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For the disciples of Confucius,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.57,0:03:39.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he was the living embodiment of a sage\Nwho leads others through his virtue,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.68,0:03:41.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they recorded his sayings,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.50,0:03:46.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which eventually were edited into a book\Nwe know in English as "The Analects."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.99,0:03:51.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, millions of people worldwide adhere\Nto the principles of Confucianism,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.55,0:03:55.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and though the precise meaning of \Nhis words has been debated for millennia,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.58,0:03:59.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when asked to summarize \Nhis teachings in a single phrase,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.02,0:04:00.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Confucius himself said,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.89,0:04:06.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Do not inflict upon others \Nthat which you yourself would not want."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.72,0:04:10.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,2,500 years later, it's still sage advice.