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(Toby Walsh) I wanna talk 
about artificial intelligence: it's --

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I'm a professor of artificial intelligence

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and its a great time, 2015, 
to be working in AI.

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We're making real palpable progress

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and there's loads of money 
being thrown at us.

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Google just spent 
five hundred million dollars --

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pounds buying an AI startup called Deep Mind a couple of weeks ago,

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today they announced that they were 
going to spend a billion dollars

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setting up an AI lab in Silicon Valley.

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IBM is betting about 
a third of the company

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on their cognitive AI computing effort.

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So it's really interesting time to be working in AI.

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But the first thing I wanted to 
help inform you about

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is what is the state of art, 
what progress have we made in AI

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because Hollywood paints 
all these pictures,

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these mostly dystopian pictures of AI.

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Whenever the next science fiction movie
comes out, I put my head in my hands

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and think Oh my God, what do people think
that we're doing?

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So, I wanted to start by just giving you
a feel for what actually is really capable.

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So a couple of years ago, IBM Watson
won the game show Jeopardy 1,

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the million dollar prize in the game show,
Jeopardy P, the reigning human champions.

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Now, you might think, well that's just
a party trick, isn't it?

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It's a -- pour enough of Wikipedia 
and the internet into a computer,

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and it can answer general knowledge
questions.

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Well, you guys are being a bit unfair to
IBM Watson,

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there are the cryptic questions
they are answering.

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But just to give you a real feel for 
what is technically possible today,

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something that was announced
just two days ago:

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some colleagues of mine at NII in Japan
passed the University Entrance Exam

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with an AI program.

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Now, I thought long and hard about
putting up a page of maths.

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I thought, well, I'm going to get --

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half of the audience is going to leave 
immediately if I put up a page of math

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But I wanted you to see, just to feel

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the depth of questions 
that they are answering.

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So this is from the maths paper, you know,
a non trivial, sort of,

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if you come from the UK, 
A-level-like math question

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that they were able to answer

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Here is a physics question
about Newtonian dynamics

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that they were able to answer.

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Now they got 511 points, out of
a maximum of 950.

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That's more than the average score
of Japanese students

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sitting the entrance exam.

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They would have got into most 
Japanese universities with a score of 511.

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That's what's possible today.

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Their ambition in 10 years' time is to get
into Tokyo, University of Tokyo,

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which is one of the best universities
in the world.

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So, this is why I put up 
a picture of Terminator,

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because whenever I talk to the media
about what we do in AI,

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they put up a picture of Terminator,
right?

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So I don't want you to worry 
about Terminator,

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Terminator is at least 
50 to 100 years away.

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and there are lots of reasons why
we don't have to worry about it,

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about Terminator.

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I'm not going to go and spend
too much time

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on why you don't have to worry about Terminator.

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But there is actually things 
that you should worry about,

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much nearer than Terminator.

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Many people have said, 
Stephen Hawkins has said

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that, you know, AI is going to spell
the end of the human race.

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Elon Musk chimed in afterwards, said
"It's our biggest existential threat."

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Bill Gates followed on by saying,
"Elon Musk was right."

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Lots of people have said that's a --
AI is a real existential threat to us.

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I don't want you to worry about
the existential threat that AI

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or Terminator is going to bring.

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There's actually a very common confusion,

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which is that it's not the AI 
that's going to be the existential threat,

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it's autonomy, it's autonomous systems.

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What's in the (check) --

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it isn't it going to wake up 
any time in the morning and say:

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"You know what? I'm tired 
of playing Jeopardy,

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"I want to play Who Wants to Be a Millionaire!

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"Or wait a second, I'm tired of playing 
game shows,

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I want to take over the universe."

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It's just not in its code, there is no way,

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it's not given any freedom to think 
about anything other

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than maximizing its Jeopardy score.

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And it has no desires, no other desires than,

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other to improve its maximum scores.

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So I don't want you to worry about Terminator,

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but I do want you to worry about jobs.

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Because lots of people, 
lots of very serious people,

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have been saying 
hat AI is going to end jobs,

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and that is a very great consequence 
for anyone working in education,

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because, certainly, the jobs that are going 
to exist in the future

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are going to be different 
than the jobs that exist today.

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Now, who has an odd birthday?

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Well, I haven't told you 
what an odd birthday is yet,

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so someone has an odd birthday, like me.

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OK. Who was born on an odd-number 
day of the month?

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I was born on the 11th of April, right?

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Come on, it's half the room, 
I know it's half the room.

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(Laughter)

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OK.Well, you want to have 
an odd birthday, by the way,

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because that means, in 20 years' time, 
you will be a person with a job.

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As opposed to the even people, 
who won't have jobs.

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That's certainty -- if you believe 
lots of serious people,

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you might have missed this news 
on Friday the 13th,

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I thought this was a rather
depressing news story

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....... (check) comparison otherwise ...... (check)

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but the chief economist, Bank of England,

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went on the record saying 50% of jobs 
were under threat in the UK.

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And he's not the first serious person
who should know what he's talking about

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who said similar things.

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There was a very influential Merrill Lynch
report that came out a month or to ago

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saying very similar things about 
the impact of AI,

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robotics, automation on jobs.

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under threat