[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.26,0:00:09.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,George Orwell
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.17,0:00:11.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Was an English intellectual who died in 1950,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.94,0:00:13.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and used literature
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.37,0:00:16.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the only reason it utimately really exists:
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.73,0:00:19.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to try to change the world for the better.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.94,0:00:21.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was in the deepest sense
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.45,0:00:22.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a political writer;
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.58,0:00:24.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,someone who wanted art
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.12,0:00:25.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to help us grow kind,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.65,0:00:27.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fair, wise.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.02,0:00:30.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1946, the year after the publication
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.30,0:00:32.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of his momentaneously popular fable,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.73,0:00:35.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,''Animal Farm'', he wrote an essay titled
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.35,0:00:36.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,''Why I write'',
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.75,0:00:38.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which laid out his approach
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.32,0:00:39.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a characteristic clarity.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.78,0:00:42.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,''What I wanted to do throughout
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.08,0:00:43.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the past ten years
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.33,0:00:45.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to make political writing
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.21,0:00:46.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into an art.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.79,0:00:48.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My starting point is always
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.44,0:00:49.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a feeling of partisanship,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.16,0:00:51.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a sense of injustice.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.08,0:00:53.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I sit down to write a book,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.43,0:00:54.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't say to myself
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.41,0:00:55.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,´´ I'm going to produce
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.36,0:00:56.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a work of art´´
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.75,0:00:58.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I write it because there is some lie
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.48,0:00:59.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to expose,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.61,0:01:01.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some fact to which I want
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.17,0:01:02.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to draw attention, and my
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.72,0:01:05.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,initial concern is to get a hearing
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.94,0:01:08.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To understand why Orwell matters
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.22,0:01:09.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we therefore have to undestand
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.46,0:01:11.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what this most political of writers loved
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.69,0:01:13.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what he hated,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.13,0:01:15.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what he was in rebellion against
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.15,0:01:16.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what he championed.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.84,0:01:18.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is what will give us the keys
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.80,0:01:21.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to undestanding his remarkable work,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.18,0:01:22.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and painful, yet deeply
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.88,0:01:24.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fullfiled life.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.91,0:01:26.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,George Orwell always hated
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.37,0:01:27.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the social group which he was,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.97,0:01:30.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,despite everything, an exemplary member:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.69,0:01:31.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Intellectuals.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.35,0:01:33.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From an early age,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.19,0:01:34.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he'd wanted to be a writer.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.48,0:01:35.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But George Orwell exelled
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.86,0:01:37.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at never quite belonging
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.36,0:01:39.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was born in 1903 in India,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.61,0:01:41.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was then part of the British empire,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.93,0:01:43.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to economically fragile
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.47,0:01:44.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,civil servant parents,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.03,0:01:45.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who fought for him
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.92,0:01:47.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to have a classic, upper middle class
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.65,0:01:48.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,English upbringign.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.88,0:01:50.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then hoped he might become
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.31,0:01:51.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a doctor or a lawyer.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.22,0:01:53.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They sent him to what turned out to be
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.71,0:01:55.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a crippling, mean spirited
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.28,0:01:57.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,English prep school, at the age of eight,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.06,0:02:00.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from where he won a scholarship to Eton
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.46,0:02:01.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But he turned against the values
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.100,0:02:04.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and spirit of the English Public School System
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.50,0:02:06.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He never went to university
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.07,0:02:08.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and stint as an imperial policeman in Burma,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.82,0:02:11.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he settled into the life of the odd throbbing
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.13,0:02:12.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,literary intellectual.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.82,0:02:14.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Working in a hampstered bookshop,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.91,0:02:16.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reviewing other people's books,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.62,0:02:17.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and eventually,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.54,0:02:19.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,writing some of his own.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.36,0:02:21.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nevertheless, Orwell's desdain of
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.26,0:02:23.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,intellectuals was a constant.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.48,0:02:25.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He accused them of a range of sins:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.44,0:02:26.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a lack of patriotism,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.72,0:02:28.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,resentment of money,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.06,0:02:28.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fisical vigor,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.36,0:02:31.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,concealed sexual frustration, pretension
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.88,0:02:33.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and dishonesty.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.37,0:02:35.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He knew it all from the inside.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.86,0:02:37.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But Orwell's greatness
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.10,0:02:39.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,emerged from the right determnation
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.24,0:02:40.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with which he recognized and
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.72,0:02:42.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,came to triumph against such tendencies
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.82,0:02:43.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in himself.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.44,0:02:45.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,´´The really important fact about
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.94,0:02:47.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the English intelligentsia´´,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.51,0:02:48.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he once wrote,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.53,0:02:50.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that severance from the common culture
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.92,0:02:51.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the country.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.26,0:02:53.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In left wing circles
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.36,0:02:55.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's always felt that there is something slightly
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.04,0:02:57.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,disgraceful in being an English man.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.57,0:02:59.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there is a duty to snigger
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.04,0:03:00.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at every English institution,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.84,0:03:03.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from horse racing to suet puddings.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.14,0:03:06.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Orwell's generation of intellectuals,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.06,0:03:07.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which has witnessed the first
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.36,0:03:08.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,World War and the Great Depression
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.95,0:03:10.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was obsessed with aerie,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.47,0:03:12.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,abstract, large schemes to redeem
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.50,0:03:13.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,human kind.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.04,0:03:15.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some were fanatical communists,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.62,0:03:17.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,others staunch offenders of
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.19,0:03:18.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,radical capitalism, a few
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.87,0:03:21.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,admired the new authoritarian regimes
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.11,0:03:23.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of Italy, Spain and Germany
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.89,0:03:25.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and wanted something similar
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.09,0:03:27.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to take hold in anglophones fear.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.50,0:03:29.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Orwell listened, and was for a time a little
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.75,0:03:31.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,seduced, but became gradually
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.59,0:03:32.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to champion something far
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.86,0:03:35.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more radical: the tastes, opinions,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.03,0:03:36.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,needs and outlook of someone
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.90,0:03:39.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he called the ordinary person.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.78,0:03:42.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A knowledge of ordinary life came
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.49,0:03:44.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rather late to Orwell.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.05,0:03:45.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As a typical product of an English Public
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.81,0:03:47.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,School, he was a little exposed
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.56,0:03:49.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in anyone below his own social
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.18,0:03:49.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,class.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.38,0:03:52.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A tendency compounded by a naturally
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.15,0:03:54.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,aloof, bookish and different manner.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.17,0:03:57.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A friend described him in age 25 as,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.20,0:04:00.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,remarkably muff eaten for one of his age.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.90,0:04:02.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But Orwell set out to make up
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.47,0:04:03.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for his lack of knowledge
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.91,0:04:05.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and gradually came to be the grat defender
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.95,0:04:07.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of what he repeatedly called
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.52,0:04:08.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ordinary life.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.02,0:04:10.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Life of people, not especially blessed
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.74,0:04:12.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with material goods, but people who
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.53,0:04:13.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,work on ordinary jobs,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.99,0:04:15.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who don´t have much of an education,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.43,0:04:16.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who won´t achieve greatness
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.99,0:04:19.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and yet nevertheless, love, care for
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.70,0:04:21.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,others, work, have fun, raise children,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.86,0:04:23.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and have large thoughts about the deepest
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.84,0:04:25.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,questions, in ways that Orwell
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.64,0:04:27.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thought especially admirable.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.51,0:04:30.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Orwell´s journey into ordinary life
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.51,0:04:32.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,began in the spring of 1928,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.79,0:04:34.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when he left the privileges of
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.08,0:04:35.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,his class behind, and went
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.52,0:04:37.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to work in series of menial
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.05,0:04:38.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,service jobs.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.10,0:04:40.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the French and English capitals
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.20,0:04:42.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,experiencies he was to recount in
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.01,0:04:44.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,his book: Down and Out in Paris and London
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.42,0:04:46.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,published in 1933.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.62,0:04:47.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The book is filled with
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.58,0:04:48.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,affection and portraits of life
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.88,0:04:51.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,behind stairs in hotels and restaurants
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.38,0:04:54.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and reveals camaraderie, humor and warmth.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.67,0:04:56.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of an assortment of cleaners,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.24,0:04:57.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,shoe rubbers, waiters, chefs,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.90,0:04:59.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the occasional prostitute tramp.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.38,0:05:02.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was a side of life Orwell was further
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.59,0:05:04.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to investigate. In a book chronicling his
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.93,0:05:07.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,around the industrial coal mining of
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.31,0:05:09.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Northern England.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.18,0:05:11.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In a 1937 book titled ´´The Road to Wifan
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.64,0:05:14.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pier´´again, without sentimentality or
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.83,0:05:16.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reverse snobbery, Orwell casts the
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.94,0:05:19.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,generous complex eye over
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.14,0:05:21.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the people he met, and concluded that
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.46,0:05:23.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the average pub in a coal mining
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.29,0:05:25.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,village contained more intelligence,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.31,0:05:27.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wisdom, than the British cabinet, or the
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.61,0:05:29.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,high table of an Oxbridge college.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.05,0:05:31.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Orwell especially liked the lack of
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.62,0:05:33.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,prudishness and hipocrisy among
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.47,0:05:35.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the ordinary people he met. One thing one
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.86,0:05:37.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,notices when he writes, if he looks
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.97,0:05:39.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,directly at the common people,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.65,0:05:41.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially in the big towns, is that they
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.12,0:05:43.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are not uritanical; they are veteran
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.58,0:05:45.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gamblers, drink as muh beer as their
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.42,0:05:47.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wages will permit and devoted to
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.30,0:05:49.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,boardy jokes and use, probably, the
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.82,0:05:52.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,foulest language in the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.43,0:05:54.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then, as now, there was plenty of
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.29,0:05:56.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,information in the news about
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.11,0:05:58.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ordinary people. But Orwell understood
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.28,0:06:00.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that these news tended to turn people
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.59,0:06:02.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into abstractions, and he saw it as the
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.62,0:06:05.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,role on his craft, literary journalism, to
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.40,0:06:07.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,flesh out the human beings behind
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.76,0:06:08.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the statistics.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.86,0:06:11.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, correct the prejudice and casual
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.84,0:06:14.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,racism that circulated all around.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.57,0:06:17.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In an essay written on a trip to Marrakech
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.05,0:06:18.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Orwell wrote sarcastically are
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.89,0:06:21.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the typically neo-colonial attitude of
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.36,0:06:24.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,travelers towards the local inhabitants.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.10,0:06:26.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,´´The people here have brown faces´´
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.37,0:06:28.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,´´´There are so many of them, are they
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.42,0:06:30.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really the same flesh as yourself?´´
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.33,0:06:32.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,´´Do they even have names?´´
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.04,0:06:33.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,´´Or are they merely a kind of
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.41,0:06:35.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,undifferentiated brown stuff?´´
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.88,0:06:39.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,´´As individual as bees or coral insects´´
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.48,0:06:41.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All people who work with their hands are
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.83,0:06:43.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,partly invisible. And the more important
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.100,0:06:46.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the work that they do, the less visible
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.25,0:06:47.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they are.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.65,0:06:49.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Orwell´s ove of the ordinary inspired his
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.76,0:06:52.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,curiosity about a range of themes
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.02,0:06:54.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not often considered in literature. He
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.23,0:06:56.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thought about and wrote in praise of
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.51,0:06:59.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,comics and country walks, dancing and
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.04,0:07:01.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,flowers. He wrote bravely in defense
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.29,0:07:03.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of English cooking, kippers, Yorkshire,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.48,0:07:05.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pudding, Devonshire cream, muffins and
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.65,0:07:07.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,crumpets he wrote. And then asked,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.86,0:07:10.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where else other than Englsh cooking
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.01,0:07:11.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,do you see potatoes roasted under the
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.98,0:07:14.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,joint? Which is, far in a way, the best
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.79,0:07:17.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,way of cooking them. Orwell wrote tenderly
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.66,0:07:20.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in defense of Charles Dickens, at the time
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.05,0:07:22.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this great writer was considered low brow
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.52,0:07:24.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and too popular to win the esteemed
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.64,0:07:27.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of intellectuals. In a great essay of 1946
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.14,0:07:29.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Politics and the English Language,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.26,0:07:31.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Orwell stood up against the pros typical
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.65,0:07:33.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of intellectuals, high blown and full
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.100,0:07:36.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of long fancy words and defended
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.23,0:07:38.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a simple, almost naive way of writing.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.28,0:07:41.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He outlined the list of rules for how to
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.50,0:07:44.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,write well, which included a complete ban
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.33,0:07:46.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on fancy words like ´´phenomenon´´,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.80,0:07:49.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,´´categorical´´, ´´utilize´´,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.52,0:07:51.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,´´inexorable´´ and ´´veritable´´.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.23,0:07:54.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Orwell revealed a hatred of foreign words
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.71,0:07:57.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like status quo and deus ex machina, and
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.87,0:08:00.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,concluded that there is really no need
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.58,0:08:02.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for any of the hundreds of foreign
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.07,0:08:04.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,phrases now curent in English.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.20,0:08:07.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,George Orwell is today extremely
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.88,0:08:10.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,famous for two books which played a very
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.34,0:08:13.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,small part in his life, if measured simply
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.11,0:08:15.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in terms of years. He wrote Animal Farm
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.63,0:08:18.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in 1945 when he was 42 and he published
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.90,0:08:21.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nineten Eighty-Four in 1949 when he
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.46,0:08:24.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was 45. But he was dead by January 1950
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.67,0:08:26.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the age of only 46.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.08,0:08:29.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In other words, he had just four short
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.49,0:08:32.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,years being the Orwell we know today.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.80,0:08:34.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nevertheless, these two books are
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.74,0:08:36.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,anchored in deep thinking that Orwell
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.85,0:08:39.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had done all his adult life about how
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.07,0:08:41.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,literature should be written in an age
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.40,0:08:43.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of movies and mass communication.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.82,0:08:45.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In short, he knew that the task of a
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.67,0:08:48.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,writer was to ensure that the most serious
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.19,0:08:51.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ideas should achieve mass popularity, a
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.57,0:08:53.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,double act, which requiered particular
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.94,0:08:57.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,skill and intelligence. Animal farm is a
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.03,0:08:59.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,political trapped about how revolutions
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.43,0:09:01.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fall prey to counter-revolutions,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.66,0:09:03.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and turn their backs on their own original
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.68,0:09:04.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ideals.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.62,0:09:06.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It fairly maps out the progress of French
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.74,0:09:08.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,revolution. The European Revolutions
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.84,0:09:11.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of 1848 and the Russian Revolution of 1917
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.29,0:09:15.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, described like this, no one outside
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.18,0:09:17.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the few academics would ever bother
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.58,0:09:18.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to read it.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.69,0:09:20.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Orwell´s genius was to hit upon of
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.64,0:09:23.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,form the fable which would carry his story
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.68,0:09:26.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to a mass audience and could be undestood
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.41,0:09:29.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as he put it, by more or less, anyone.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.74,0:09:32.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So Orwell did what Aesop, Walt Disney,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.24,0:09:34.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,La Fontaine and Beatrix Potter amog many
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.96,0:09:37.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,others, have done. Which is to tell a
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.24,0:09:39.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,story about humans via animals.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.19,0:09:42.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the process, Orwell revealed the sins
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.51,0:09:44.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of revolutionaries are not limited to
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.90,0:09:47.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people involved in actual revolutions.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.83,0:09:49.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Indeed. that it´s a permanent human
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.91,0:09:52.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,possibility to believe when he´s guided
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.12,0:09:54.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by high ideals and then go on to betray
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.80,0:09:57.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,them all. Every time a revolution now goes
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.74,0:10:00.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wrong, people bring up Animal Farm, and
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.60,0:10:02.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,declare it to be ahead of it´t time.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.60,0:10:03.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So prescient.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.03,0:10:06.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the genius of Orwell´s fable.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.01,0:10:09.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By cutting out all contemporary human
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.21,0:10:11.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,references, Orwell found a way to tell us
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.55,0:10:15.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about ourselves, for all time, even for
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.07,0:10:15.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the future.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.90,0:10:19.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Having successfully reinvented the fable,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.59,0:10:21.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Orwell, in an astonishing burst of
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.72,0:10:24.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,creativity, reinvented the science fiction
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.27,0:10:25.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,novel.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.44,0:10:27.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As a boy, he loved the novels of H.G.Wells
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.18,0:10:30.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Especially, the Time Machine and The War
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.48,0:10:31.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of The Worlds.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.34,0:10:33.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like Wells, Orwell seized upon trends in
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.85,0:10:36.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,his own time and try to imagine how they
Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.48,0:10:38.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,might develop over the long term.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.21,0:10:40.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,His sience fiction novel is set in
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.84,0:10:43.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Airstip One, a place once known as
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.55,0:10:46.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Great Britain, but now province of super
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.18,0:10:48.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,state of Oceania, and lockd in perpetual
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.77,0:10:51.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ideological conflict with two other blocks
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.49,0:10:53.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eurasia and East Asia,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.14,0:10:56.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like all great dystopian novels, Orwell´s
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.48,0:10:58.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,book was an attempt to warn his own
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.64,0:11:01.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,society about it´s own alarming trends.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.00,0:11:04.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, he could see that what can
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.22,0:11:06.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,terrorize a country is not so much
Dialogue: 0,0:11:06.33,0:11:09.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,outright turture or clumsy covert
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.04,0:11:11.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,restrictions on free speech, but a lulling
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.66,0:11:13.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the citizenry through sophisticated
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.80,0:11:15.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,entertainment and empty-headed
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.99,0:11:18.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,news reports, all wrapped up in a constant
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.68,0:11:20.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reference to freedom.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.16,0:11:24.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, in 1984, society is full of intriguing
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.20,0:11:27.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,new machines, omnipresent screens, which
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.31,0:11:30.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,both addicted and at the same time watch
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.04,0:11:31.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over their citizens.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.93,0:11:33.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Julia, the leading female figure in the
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.81,0:11:35.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,novel, works on the department of
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.69,0:11:37.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,goverment known as ´´Mini True´´, which
Dialogue: 0,0:11:37.66,0:11:39.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,systematicaly distorts access to
Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.54,0:11:42.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,information in highly subtle ways
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.53,0:11:44.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To blind the citizenry to their
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.48,0:11:46.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,enslavement. Julia operates a machine that
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.78,0:11:49.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,turns out porn novels alongside films
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.37,0:11:51.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,oozing with sex, rubbishing newsapers
Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.88,0:11:54.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,containing almost nothing but sport, crime
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.65,0:11:57.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and astrology. The people, however, don´t
Dialogue: 0,0:11:57.39,0:11:58.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,feel they are enslaved.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.22,0:12:01.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As Orwell so well understood, the really
Dialogue: 0,0:12:01.93,0:12:04.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,clever and scary regimes of the modern
Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.20,0:12:07.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,world aren´the obviously dictatorial ones.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.30,0:12:10.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are the apparently democratic ones
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.100,0:12:13.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that give their citizens the distinctive
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.23,0:12:16.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,feeling that they are free, when in fact
Dialogue: 0,0:12:16.26,0:12:18.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,blinding them with constant sexual
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.41,0:12:21.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,titillation, and sentimental distractions.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.93,0:12:24.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,George Orwell had the wisdom to make
Dialogue: 0,0:12:24.44,0:12:26.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,himself remarkably future proof.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:27.04,0:12:29.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was weary of economic and political
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.18,0:12:31.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,abstractions. He stayed close to the truth
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.49,0:12:34.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of ordinary ife. The realities of sex,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.12,0:12:36.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,food, money, love and pleasure and he
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.48,0:12:38.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wrote with total clarity about enduring
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.91,0:12:40.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,eternal themes on human nature.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:41.33,0:12:43.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He is perhaps, the most successfull
Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.54,0:12:45.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,serious English language writer of the 20th
Dialogue: 0,0:12:45.93,0:12:48.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,century and gives us the tools to continue
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.48,0:12:50.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to imagine what writing should be in our
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.84,0:12:54.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,own time. Ultimately, Orwell´s message is
Dialogue: 0,0:12:54.60,0:12:57.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the same as the plea that he discerned in
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.31,0:12:59.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all of Charles Dickens books. In the
Dialogue: 0,0:12:59.42,0:13:02.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,essay he wrote on him namely, that human
Dialogue: 0,0:13:02.15,0:13:06.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,beings should behave better. This, as he
Dialogue: 0,0:13:06.08,0:13:08.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pointed out, is either a terrific cliche
Dialogue: 0,0:13:08.69,0:13:10.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or just about the most important
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.64,0:13:13.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instruction in the whole life. It was
Dialogue: 0,0:13:13.10,0:13:16.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Orwell´s genius to remind us that it is,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:16.05,0:13:19.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of course,very much, the latter.