[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.44,0:00:14.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's talk about twins.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.89,0:00:18.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Twins turn heads wherever they go.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.15,0:00:26.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Seeing two identical infants,\Nchildren or adults is irresistible,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.75,0:00:29.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,causing us to peer into baby carriages,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.14,0:00:32.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stare into playgrounds,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.29,0:00:34.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and even ask rather personal questions,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.47,0:00:36.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as, "Who is older?",
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.54,0:00:37.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Who is smarter?",
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.18,0:00:40.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, "Who decides\Nwhat both of you will do?",
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.29,0:00:43.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as if everything twins do\Nis exactly the same.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.16,0:00:49.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Society tells us that we all differ\Nin appearance and behavior.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.67,0:00:53.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when we encounter two people\Nwho look and act so much alike,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.53,0:00:57.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it challenges our belief\Nin the way that the world works.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.22,0:01:01.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we find ourselves intrigued\Nand drawn into twins' lives,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.05,0:01:03.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,trying to understand them.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.48,0:01:06.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For most of human history,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.46,0:01:10.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,psychologists believed that we are\Nlargely products of our environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.89,0:01:13.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But twin research is teaching us
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.12,0:01:17.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that so many more of our behaviors\Nthan we ever would have imagined
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.20,0:01:19.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are influenced by the genes.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.40,0:01:25.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are two kinds of twins,\Nidentical and fraternal,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.33,0:01:27.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and both are essential in twin research.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.68,0:01:32.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Identical twins result\Nwhen a single fertilized egg
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.05,0:01:35.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,divides within the first\Nfourteen days after conception,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.55,0:01:38.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and these twins share\Nall their genes in common.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.23,0:01:42.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fraternal twins share\Nhalf their genes, on average,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.35,0:01:45.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just like ordinary brothers and sisters,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.54,0:01:50.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they result when a woman\Nreleases two eggs at the same time
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.53,0:01:53.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are separately fertilized\Nby two separate sperm.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.50,0:01:59.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can compare the similarity\Nof identical twins in running speed,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.76,0:02:02.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or in how fast they solve math problems,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.45,0:02:04.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the similarity of fraternal twins.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.37,0:02:07.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if identical twins are more alike,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.63,0:02:09.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they usually are,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.36,0:02:12.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this tells us that the genes\Nplay an important role.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.09,0:02:18.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, most studies use\Nidentical twins raised together,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.18,0:02:21.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but studying the rare pairs\Nof identical twins reared apart
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.85,0:02:23.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is even better.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.31,0:02:27.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because if identical twins\Nraised apart are as alike
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.60,0:02:29.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as identical twins raised together,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.49,0:02:32.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is even more compelling evidence \N
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.93,0:02:35.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that genes are important\Nin our development.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.78,0:02:40.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Think about the identical Jim Twins,\NJim Lewis and Jim Springer,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.68,0:02:43.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who grew up in different Ohio cities.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.100,0:02:46.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They didn't meet\Nuntil they were nearly forty.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.77,0:02:51.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they discovered that both twins\Nbit their fingernails down to the nub,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.100,0:02:55.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they both drove light blue Chevrolets,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.60,0:03:00.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they both had mixed headache syndromes\Nbeginning in their teenage years,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.61,0:03:02.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they both liked to vacation \N
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.43,0:03:06.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the same three-block\Nstrip of beach in Florida.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.94,0:03:11.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Jim Twins also both\Nnamed their sons James Alan.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.100,0:03:15.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, James is a fairly common first name, \N
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.50,0:03:19.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but Alan is a much less\Ncommon first or second name.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.24,0:03:24.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Both of the twins had worked\Npart-time in sheriff's offices,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.38,0:03:26.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and part-time at McDonald's.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.89,0:03:30.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they loved to scatter love letters\Naround the house for their wives.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.40,0:03:33.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in a curious twist,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.82,0:03:36.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,both twins had married women named Linda,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.75,0:03:40.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,divorced them and married\Nwomen named Betty,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.77,0:03:42.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.56,0:03:47.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but then one of the Jim twins\Ndivorced Betty and married Sandy.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.62,0:03:51.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We know that divorce\Nis a partly genetically influenced trait,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.84,0:03:55.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so you can imagine the worry\Non the part of the remaining Betty.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.73,0:03:57.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.01,0:04:03.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, what about the twins Jack and Oscar?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.25,0:04:06.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They had dramatically\Ndifferent environments,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.73,0:04:11.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but even that did not prevent them\Nfrom amassing a whole list of similarities
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.30,0:04:14.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that surpassed\Neven those of the Jim Twins.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.58,0:04:18.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Jack was raised Jewish\Nby his father in Trinidad,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.50,0:04:22.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Oscar was raised Catholic\Nby his grandmother in Nazi Germany.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.58,0:04:25.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when they met for the first time,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.39,0:04:30.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they discovered that both twins liked\Nto wear rubber bands around their wrists,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.51,0:04:33.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they thought it was funny\Nto sneeze loudly in elevators,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.48,0:04:37.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they both washed their hands\Nbefore and after using the toilet,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.50,0:04:40.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they both read books\Nfrom back to front,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.88,0:04:43.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they hated floral centerpieces,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.51,0:04:47.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they said it blocked the view\Nof the person seated across the table.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.23,0:04:50.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do we explain these similarities?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.44,0:04:55.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, it could be that reading books\Nfrom back to front suggests impatience,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.19,0:04:58.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or sneezing loudly in elevators\Nis a cry for attention,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.100,0:05:00.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but regardless,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.20,0:05:04.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the fact that we see these similarities\Nrepeated in identical twins
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.54,0:05:06.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so much more than fraternal twins
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.75,0:05:09.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tells us that genes do play a role.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.58,0:05:14.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dorothy and Bridget,\Nreared-apart twins in Great Britain.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.41,0:05:19.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They show us that you don't have\Nto live with somebody to be like them,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.81,0:05:22.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you only have to share their genes.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.40,0:05:25.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When they met\Nfor the first time as adults,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.04,0:05:30.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,both twins were wearing seven rings,\Nthree bracelets and a watch.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.36,0:05:34.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the similarities did not stop there.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.78,0:05:40.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The twins described themselves\Nas short-tempered, disciplined and strict.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.56,0:05:45.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They liked the same brand of perfume,\Nthey liked the same kinds of books,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.10,0:05:48.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They had worn nearly\Nidentical dresses to their weddings,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.75,0:05:52.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and carried nearly\Nidentical floral bouquets.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.27,0:05:55.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.63,0:06:01.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they remind me of the identical\Nreared-apart twins, Mark and Jerry.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.31,0:06:05.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mark and Jerry grew up\Nin different cities in New Jersey.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.07,0:06:09.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they didn't meet\Nuntil they were in their early thirties.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.63,0:06:12.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were both volunteer firefighters,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.16,0:06:16.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but their signature quirk was\Nholding a can of Budweiser beer
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.17,0:06:18.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with their pinkie finger underneath.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.11,0:06:22.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you can see that they also\Ncarried huge key rings
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.93,0:06:24.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they attached to their belts.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.85,0:06:27.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Belts had huge buckles on them.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.30,0:06:31.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They both threw their heads back\Nsharply when they laughed.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.34,0:06:35.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were six foot four,\Nbald and heavily mustached,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.50,0:06:38.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and when I took them out to dinner,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.75,0:06:42.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I discovered they had\Na shared passion for Chinese food
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.56,0:06:45.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for steaks served extremely rare.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.68,0:06:51.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I also studied Barbara\Nand Daphne, the Giggle Twins.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.53,0:06:54.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My colleagues and I\Naffectionately called them that,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.98,0:06:57.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because when they met for the first time,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.07,0:07:00.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they discovered that they laughed\Nuncontrollably with each other,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.42,0:07:02.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and with nobody else.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.56,0:07:06.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they had the same\Ncrooked pinkie fingers,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.60,0:07:09.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the same disinterest in politics,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.18,0:07:13.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they drank their coffee cold,\Nblack and without sugar.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.67,0:07:19.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These twins had had a first\Nmiscarriage in their first pregnancy,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.85,0:07:22.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,followed by two healthy boys\Nand a daughter.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.66,0:07:25.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That may not be so surprising,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.56,0:07:29.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because female physiology\Nmay impact the sex of our children,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.65,0:07:33.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in this case, the physiology\Nwas perfectly matched.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.62,0:07:38.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Shortly after they met,\Nthey concocted a drink called Twin Sin,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.11,0:07:46.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was made of vodka, blue curaçao,\Ncrème de cacao, and cream.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.20,0:07:49.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My colleagues and I\Nthought it was a little curious,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.63,0:07:52.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the twins thought\Nit was just delicious.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.58,0:07:56.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I finally want to mention
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.81,0:08:02.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,two sets of identical twins, males,\Nborn in Colombia, South America.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.03,0:08:06.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One pair from the city,\None pair from the country.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.93,0:08:09.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't know how this happened,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.10,0:08:11.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but early on, in the premature nursery,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.10,0:08:15.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one newborn twin\Nwas accidentally exchanged
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.67,0:08:18.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with one newborn twin in the other pair.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.07,0:08:25.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So these two sets of brothers grew up\Nthinking they were fraternal twins,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.26,0:08:29.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when in fact, they were\Ncompletely genetically unrelated.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.08,0:08:33.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When they were twenty-five,\Nthe truth was discovered,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.17,0:08:35.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the real pairs were reunited.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.13,0:08:38.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I went down to Bogotá to study them,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.89,0:08:42.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I discovered that the personalities\Nof the reunited twins
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.26,0:08:44.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,aligned almost perfectly.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.56,0:08:45.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In one case,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.71,0:08:49.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the twins were outgoing,\Ngregarious, risk-taking,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.56,0:08:50.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in the other case,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.95,0:08:55.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they were introverted,\Na little cautious, a little restrained.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.58,0:08:59.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Again, we don't fully understand\Nthe reasons behind these similarities,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.64,0:09:02.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but seeing them repeated\Nin identical twins,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.31,0:09:04.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more so than in fraternal twins,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.31,0:09:08.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gives us a genetic perspective\Non human development.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.34,0:09:12.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, we need to think seriously\Nabout these findings,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.36,0:09:16.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they have huge implications\Nfor how we raise our children
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.28,0:09:19.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how we can all make\Nthe best of our abilities,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.38,0:09:21.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our goals, and our dreams.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.16,0:09:23.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, in my experience,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.67,0:09:26.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,parents of one child\Nare environmentalists,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.96,0:09:30.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and parents of two children\Nare geneticists.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.77,0:09:31.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I say that
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.88,0:09:35.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because parents of two children\Nrealize rather quickly
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.13,0:09:38.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that what works for one child\Ndoesn't work for the other.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.81,0:09:41.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's because children\Ncome into the world
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.19,0:09:43.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with their own genetic predispositions
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.64,0:09:47.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that lead them towards certain activities\Nand places and opportunities.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.89,0:09:51.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Parents have to have realistic\Nexpectations about each child.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.79,0:09:55.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two dancing parents\Nmay not have a dancing child,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.13,0:09:59.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because even though each parent\Nshares half their genes with the child,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.11,0:10:01.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,genes get reshuffled in each generation.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.24,0:10:03.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, I tell parents,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.96,0:10:07.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"You don't really bring up\Nyour children, they bring you up."
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.32,0:10:12.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because each child evokes\Ncertain treatments and certain responses
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.10,0:10:13.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from each of their parents.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.20,0:10:19.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A child with athletic abilities should\Nbe given opportunities to play sports,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.26,0:10:23.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an artistic child should be given\Nopportunities to paint and to draw,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.66,0:10:27.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a shy child should be given\Nopportunities to speak up more,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.71,0:10:29.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,encouraged gently to do so.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.08,0:10:31.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this way,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.11,0:10:34.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,parents can make a huge difference\Nin the lives of their children.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.02,0:10:38.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I also want to acknowledge\Nthe teachers and the mentors
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.41,0:10:42.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the managers who work\Nso closely with twins and with others,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.28,0:10:43.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and affect their lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.34,0:10:46.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As a psychology professor, \N
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.07,0:10:49.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I identified a very promising\Nundergraduate student,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.59,0:10:52.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one who showed\Nreal ability, talent, and drive.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.33,0:10:56.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But he was the first\Nin his family to go to college,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.54,0:10:59.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he lacked guidance and opportunity.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.94,0:11:02.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I worked with this student\Non a number of projects,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.77,0:11:04.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and today,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.01,0:11:08.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he is an advanced graduate student\Nat the prestigious University of Michigan.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.11,0:11:11.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Back to our twins.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.53,0:11:15.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Twins are not just\Nmere objects of fascination.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.12,0:11:19.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just by being themselves,\Njust by acting naturally,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.04,0:11:22.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they give science a powerful tool
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.35,0:11:26.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for understanding genetic\Nand environmental influences on behavior.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.87,0:11:30.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in this way,\Nthey tell us about our humanity,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.31,0:11:34.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why we are the way that we are,\Nand how we got that way.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.46,0:11:36.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:36.67,0:11:38.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)