[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.30,0:00:04.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Greetings Troublemakers... welcome to Trouble.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.89,0:00:06.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My name is not important.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.64,0:00:10.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It’s now been 50 years since the riots of 1968,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.17,0:00:12.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a decentralized series of explosive protests
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.97,0:00:15.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that broke out across multiple countries around the world
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.68,0:00:18.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and which, to this day, stand as a high-water mark\N
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.75,0:00:21.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the annals of revolutionary history.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.02,0:00:24.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But no commemoration of this milestone is complete
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.10,0:00:26.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without acknowledging that '68 was,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.46,0:00:27.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the end of the day,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.52,0:00:29.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a failed revolution.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.09,0:00:32.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And just as it was a year of inspiring popular protest,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.10,0:00:35.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was also a year of intense political repression.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.46,0:00:36.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the United States,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.84,0:00:38.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just as the civil rights and anti-war movements
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.78,0:00:40.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were at their peaks,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.11,0:00:42.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,three high-profile political assassinations occurred
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.84,0:00:44.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over a span of two months,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.38,0:00:46.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,claiming the lives of Martin Luther King Jr,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.62,0:00:47.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bobby Hutton
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.80,0:00:49.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Robert Kennedy. \N
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.27,0:00:51.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These killings helped to cement the shift
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.05,0:00:52.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from a largely non-violent
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.70,0:00:54.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and reformist civil rights movement
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.58,0:00:56.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the more militant and revolutionary
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.44,0:00:57.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Black Power movement,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.78,0:00:59.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which in turn would soon fall prey
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.44,0:01:01.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the FBI's ruthless program
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.11,0:01:03.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of covert assassination and sabotage
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.75,0:01:05.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,known as COINTELPRO.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.62,0:01:06.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Mexico,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.70,0:01:08.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,calls for an international boycott managed to
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.86,0:01:12.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,successfully block Apartheid South Africa's participation
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.04,0:01:14.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the 1968 Summer Olympics,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.56,0:01:16.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a massive student uprising broke out,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.43,0:01:18.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which posed an existential challenge
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.69,0:01:22.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the ruling PRI government of Gustavo Díaz Ordaz.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.26,0:01:24.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Mexican state's response to the students
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.64,0:01:26.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was swift and brutal.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.07,0:01:27.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On October 2nd,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.33,0:01:30.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just ten days before the Olympic Games were set to begin,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.29,0:01:33.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Mexican army opened fire on 10,000 student protestors
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.94,0:01:36.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the Plaza de las Tres Culturas,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.17,0:01:39.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in what became known as the Tlatelolco massacre.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.29,0:01:41.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Between 300-400 people were killed,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.60,0:01:44.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and over 1,500 student organizers arrested
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.97,0:01:47.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a wide-ranging crackdown by security forces
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.97,0:01:50.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that sent shock waves throughout Mexican society
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.58,0:01:52.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that resonate to this very day.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.83,0:02:01.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But while repression ultimately cut short
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.48,0:02:04.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the revolutionary promise of 1968,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.15,0:02:06.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it could never extinguish the desire for freedom\N
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.56,0:02:08.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was its initial spark.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.46,0:02:10.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This torch has since been taken up
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.29,0:02:12.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by new generations of restless youth,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.56,0:02:14.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who have used their position as students
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.45,0:02:17.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to issue calls for a radical transformation of society.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.89,0:02:19.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Over the next thirty minutes,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.20,0:02:22.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we'll showcase contemporary examples of student struggles
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.14,0:02:25.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from Mexico, South Africa and the United States,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.57,0:02:28.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and speak with current and former student organizers
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.36,0:02:30.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as they share their experiences of
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.34,0:02:31.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,taking over their campuses,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.80,0:02:33.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,disrupting the status quo…
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.51,0:02:35.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and making a whole lot of trouble.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.36,0:03:07.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this country, only 4 out of 10
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.37,0:03:09.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from each generation can get into university.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.96,0:03:12.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There haven’t been public universities created \N
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.26,0:03:13.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since the 70’s,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.54,0:03:16.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when the UAM (Metropolitan Autonomous University) was created,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.16,0:03:18.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then in 2001, the Autonomous University of Mexico City (UNAM).
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.64,0:03:20.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,None of them have the capacity to take in
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.39,0:03:24.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more than 5000 students a year; so it’s an elite.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.16,0:03:26.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in this country, with all the poverty,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.67,0:03:29.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with all the displacement, who gets into university?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.54,0:03:32.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The demand that made the student movement take off
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.63,0:03:34.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was the regulation of payments \N
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.42,0:03:35.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was implemented in the UNAM.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.96,0:03:37.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It intended to establish quotas
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.58,0:03:39.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be able to study at the university.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.09,0:03:41.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It contemplated the increase of educational services
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.40,0:03:43.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- for example the study of languages,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.03,0:03:45.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the use of laboratories, the use of libraries -
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.22,0:03:47.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that for all of us who participated in that movement
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.82,0:03:51.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,meant the beginning of the privatization of the university.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.27,0:03:53.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then once the movement exploded, \N
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.01,0:03:56.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,inside the student organization that we formed,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.73,0:04:00.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was the CGH, we added another 5 demands.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.32,0:04:03.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What happened in many schools was that as soon
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.06,0:04:06.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as the proposed amendment to the regulation came out,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.84,0:04:08.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they formed assemblies.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.64,0:04:10.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In many cases, or in each school,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.34,0:04:13.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they saw that there’s an amendment
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.28,0:04:16.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the regulation and whatnot, and they begin to plan.\N
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.82,0:04:21.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The only option we had to try to stop the increase in fees
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.12,0:04:22.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was to paralyze the university.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.100,0:04:25.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is where some older comrades
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.75,0:04:28.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the UNAM joined the fray,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.62,0:04:34.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they brought the experience that we did not have.\N
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.98,0:04:37.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And through discussions with these comrades
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.11,0:04:39.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the idea of striking began to form,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.34,0:04:41.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as well as the way we were going to do it;
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.06,0:04:42.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a date was set.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.47,0:04:45.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that’s where I think the Zapatistas were key as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.06,0:04:47.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The EZLN, like the commanders,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.72,0:04:48.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,issued a communiqué
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.75,0:04:52.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which announced the support of the Zapatistas,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.24,0:04:54.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and called on all the people that supported them
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.62,0:04:56.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to also support the student movement.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.38,0:04:58.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the day that we launched the strike,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.52,0:05:00.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was the night of the 19th of April,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.97,0:05:03.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more than half of the university population
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.04,0:05:06.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was in favour of the strike.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.32,0:05:07.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we were here,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.53,0:05:10.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ready to stay in the facilities \N
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.37,0:05:12.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that classes couldn't be held,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.41,0:05:13.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so that the strike could begin.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.39,0:05:30.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the 30th of April, during the strike,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.10,0:05:32.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the university halls were overflowing
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.50,0:05:35.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with workshops, kids, and strikers.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.63,0:05:38.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First, (the strike) went through an absolute criminalization.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.98,0:05:40.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The media campaign was brutal.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.70,0:05:44.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like, it really was, and we didn’t have the resources
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.11,0:05:47.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we have now like Facebook, Twitter \N
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.15,0:05:49.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- that allow you to access the masses.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.95,0:05:54.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The way to share what was going was to go to the metro.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.99,0:05:58.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Going with a brigade, for me, was the coolest,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.07,0:06:01.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to like go to inform people why we were there,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.77,0:06:02.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and most importantly,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.100,0:06:05.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gauge just how much the people supported you.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.95,0:06:07.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was support, \N
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.17,0:06:09.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but that support was also mostly moral support,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.68,0:06:11.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or verbally like “yes, I stand with you”.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.50,0:06:15.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We also didn’t have a proposal of what they could do.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.37,0:06:18.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of how they could truly support us
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.18,0:06:19.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and strengthen the movement.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.03,0:06:23.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I believe that the movement underwent
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.48,0:06:25.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a complete offensive of the state.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.23,0:06:28.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, they used all the resources of the Mexican state\N
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.58,0:06:31.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to attack the student movement.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.29,0:06:33.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There were comrades who were even disappeared.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.61,0:06:37.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And 9 months later, the UNAM as an institution
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.38,0:06:39.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,decides to host a consultation.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.06,0:06:42.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they put in De La Fuente as Rector. \N
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.01,0:06:44.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And De La Fuente seemed like a rector
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.44,0:06:45.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who wanted to begin a dialogue.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.94,0:06:49.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He began to organize a consultation,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.55,0:06:52.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which he included these proposals
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.92,0:06:55.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be voted by the university community:
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.57,0:06:58.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the general payment regulations will be annulled;
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.28,0:07:00.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we will organize a congress;
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.68,0:07:04.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we propose to end the strike.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.25,0:07:07.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,De La Fuente made this seem like a sensible proposal.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.83,0:07:10.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,'The movement started with the quotas,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.17,0:07:12.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am proposing that we are going to eliminate them.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.25,0:07:14.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The movement asked for a congress. I am proposing that.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.60,0:07:16.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are going to make it happen. What else do you want?'
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.59,0:07:20.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then comes the end of this mastermind move
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.92,0:07:23.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the rectory and the government made \N
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.04,0:07:26.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- which was to invade, with paid thugs,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.62,0:07:28.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Number 3 Preparatory.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.81,0:07:30.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There were only 5 colleagues there\N
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.67,0:07:33.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,resisting and guarding the facilities,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.59,0:07:38.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this proved to be a provocation for the CGH.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.14,0:07:40.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When all the comrades who were
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.53,0:07:43.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the other facilities of the UNAM learned about it, \N
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.47,0:07:47.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our reaction was to go to rescue The Number 3.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.68,0:07:50.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many of us, members of the CGH, arrived.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.41,0:07:51.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was an exchange of blows,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.95,0:07:54.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of throwing objects against these people
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.39,0:07:56.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who were there invading the school.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.86,0:07:59.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The media replays these scenes of violence, \N
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.37,0:08:02.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and shows it to the population,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.25,0:08:04.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the first contingent of
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.80,0:08:07.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Preventive Federal Police arrives
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.14,0:08:08.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- without weapons.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.69,0:08:12.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They enter, they detain, and in less than 72 hours
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.43,0:08:16.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're in prison accused of terrorism, \N
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.44,0:08:19.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,criminal association, sabotage, property damage,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.24,0:08:23.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,aggravated robbery, riot, attacks on communication channels…
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.93,0:08:27.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so it was a very violent initial detention.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.56,0:08:29.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that was the beginning
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.19,0:08:30.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that opened things up to where we are now,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.93,0:08:33.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in terms of violence towards women for example.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.46,0:08:35.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The type of brutality, how we were attacked…
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.81,0:08:38.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, a comrade ended up with a pelvic fracture
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.28,0:08:39.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from a blow.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.54,0:08:41.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In other words, now it is the systematic practice
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.80,0:08:44.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,towards the bodies of women in this type of detention.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.39,0:08:49.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And at that moment, De La Fuente calls us to a dialogue,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.80,0:08:51.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but now under his conditions.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.89,0:08:54.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,‘You’re going to appoint 10 representatives.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.28,0:08:56.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are going to meet in such and such place,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.28,0:08:58.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without radio, without television, without the media.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.98,0:09:00.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what we are going to negotiate
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.56,0:09:02.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the end of the strike.'
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.14,0:09:04.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The representatives who attended this meeting\N
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.18,0:09:06.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,did not accept that deal.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.13,0:09:10.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There, they knew well that the most active
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.19,0:09:13.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,movement organizers were going to be assembled,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.15,0:09:17.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what they decided to do was send a very large group
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.43,0:09:19.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of unarmed policemen.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.30,0:09:21.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this worked very well, \N
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.34,0:09:23.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because before the media,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.23,0:09:26.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the force was used in a rational way,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.24,0:09:29.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,against a ‘rebellious, aimless movement’
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.32,0:09:32.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- and that was accepted by the population
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.40,0:09:35.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in quite a drastic manner.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.44,0:09:37.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Finally, on February 6, there was\N
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.38,0:09:39.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a full-scale military operation
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.23,0:09:41.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- with helicopters, tanks -
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.17,0:09:44.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that overtakes all of the university facilities.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.11,0:09:48.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This did not provoke any kind of outbreak, or mobilization.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.11,0:09:51.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And therefore I believe that the government of Cedillo\N
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.100,0:09:56.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and De La Fuente resolved the conflict at a very low cost.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.84,0:10:03.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The 1960s are often looked back on
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.86,0:10:07.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a golden age of student activism in the United States,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.15,0:10:09.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with ground zero being the Berkeley campus
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.10,0:10:11.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the University of California.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.05,0:10:13.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As the storied home of the Free Speech movement, \N
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.58,0:10:15.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a campaign of sit-ins and mass rallies
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.86,0:10:18.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that by 1965 had won students the right
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.58,0:10:21.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to hold explicitly political events on campus,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.57,0:10:23.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,UC Berkeley was an important point of convergence
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.97,0:10:26.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the Civil Rights, feminist, environmentalist
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.85,0:10:29.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and anti-war movements that eventually coalesced
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.53,0:10:32.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into the so-called New Left.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.04,0:10:34.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As part of the larger University of California network,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.92,0:10:37.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,UC Berkeley is a publicly-funded institution.\N
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.88,0:10:39.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For most of its existence,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.54,0:10:42.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this meant that students didn't have to pay tuition fees.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.30,0:10:43.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Beginning in the late 60's,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.72,0:10:45.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,however, that began to change,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.18,0:10:46.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a growing popular resentment
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.97,0:10:49.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,towards hippies and godless communists
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.07,0:10:51.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,spurred a conservative voter backlash,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.26,0:10:53.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which helped propel Ronald Reagan
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.18,0:10:55.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the Governorship of California.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.16,0:10:56.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And all of it began the first time
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.87,0:10:58.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some of you who know better,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.49,0:11:00.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and are old enough to know better,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.52,0:11:01.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,let young people think
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.97,0:11:03.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they had the right
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.44,0:11:05.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to choose the laws they would obey
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.34,0:11:07.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as long as they were doing it in the name of social protest.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.73,0:11:09.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One year after sending in the National Guard
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.93,0:11:13.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to violently crush Berkeley students in 1969,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.28,0:11:15.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Reagan succeeded in imposing tuition fees
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.79,0:11:19.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,across the nine campuses of the University of California.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.13,0:11:20.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the decades that have followed,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.56,0:11:23.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tuition costs have shot up by nearly 10,000 percent.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:23.56,0:11:26.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But despite the effects that these changes have had
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.15,0:11:28.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the university's demographics, \N
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.02,0:11:30.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,UC Berkeley continues to occupy
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.13,0:11:32.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an important role in American politics
Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.36,0:11:35.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a primary site of student radicalism.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.09,0:11:38.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Four decades after Reagan sent in the army to crush dissent,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.38,0:11:41.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,students at UC Berkeley participated in a series
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.08,0:11:43.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of statewide university occupations,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.15,0:11:46.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,carried out under the banner Occupy Everything.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.48,0:11:49.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is Berkeley on Telegraph. That’s how we do it.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.20,0:11:52.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of the motivating factors
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.50,0:11:55.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the student movement of 2009 to 2010\N
Dialogue: 0,0:11:55.59,0:11:59.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really were unfortunately based on the budget cuts
Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.04,0:12:02.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the state of California to public higher education.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:02.02,0:12:03.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now this actually sprawled across
Dialogue: 0,0:12:03.90,0:12:06.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all different sectors of the education community.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.65,0:12:10.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So after the financial crisis in 2007-2008,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.11,0:12:13.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a lot of states were forced to implement austerity programs
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.02,0:12:15.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cutting public spending and laying off state employees.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:16.43,0:12:18.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not only were student tuition fees
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.78,0:12:21.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,suggested to be increased, but also
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.01,0:12:23.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there were forced faculty and staff furlough days.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.90,0:12:27.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this actually did help us ultimately in the movement
Dialogue: 0,0:12:27.19,0:12:29.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it affected so many different aspects\N
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.62,0:12:31.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the campus community
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.55,0:12:34.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we were able to bind together and work together.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:35.82,0:12:38.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,UC’s system in particular had a large budget deficit
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.86,0:12:41.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so administrators resorted to tuition hikes
Dialogue: 0,0:12:41.36,0:12:43.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make up for the budget shortfall. \N
Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.25,0:12:45.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that was only half the story.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:45.12,0:12:46.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As it was discovered later
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.76,0:12:48.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the UC administration had resorted to
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.51,0:12:50.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,taking out bonds for construction projects
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.61,0:12:51.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to generate revenue.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:51.94,0:12:52.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in this instance,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.94,0:12:54.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,student tuition was closely tied
Dialogue: 0,0:12:54.83,0:12:57.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the bond ratings of the UCs.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.21,0:12:59.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Increasing student tuition was a signal to
Dialogue: 0,0:12:59.07,0:13:00.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,credit rating agencies that the UC
Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.70,0:13:02.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could pay back their bonds
Dialogue: 0,0:13:02.09,0:13:03.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and thus secure more funding.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:04.18,0:13:05.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This ended up being one of the pivots
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.70,0:13:07.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the student movement as a whole;
Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.12,0:13:09.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the relationship between the university
Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.27,0:13:10.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and financial capital
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.62,0:13:12.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- higher education and Wall Street.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.84,0:13:16.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the story really does begin in early May,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:13:16.58,0:13:21.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the proposed tuition fee increases were made
Dialogue: 0,0:13:21.09,0:13:24.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the UC regents as well as the CSU trustees.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:24.70,0:13:25.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Over the summer,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:25.71,0:13:27.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of course student organizing is quite difficult
Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.75,0:13:31.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,... but there were coalitions of students, staff,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.48,0:13:34.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and faculty that had been formed in late spring
Dialogue: 0,0:13:34.80,0:13:38.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that were in fact meeting and trying to gain momentum
Dialogue: 0,0:13:38.21,0:13:40.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to prepare for the very beginning
Dialogue: 0,0:13:40.08,0:13:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the fall semester in 2009.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:43.69,0:13:45.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There were a series of smaller actions\N
Dialogue: 0,0:13:45.53,0:13:47.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and coordination among students at UC
Dialogue: 0,0:13:47.50,0:13:49.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Cal State campuses
Dialogue: 0,0:13:49.37,0:13:52.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which pretty much set the tone for the months to come:
Dialogue: 0,0:13:52.18,0:13:55.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,study-ins, sit-ins, and occupations of school spaces.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:55.62,0:13:58.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We were influenced by the occupations
Dialogue: 0,0:13:58.34,0:14:00.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,specifically at the New School,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.05,0:14:02.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the tactic of occupation itself
Dialogue: 0,0:14:02.73,0:14:04.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was becoming popularized.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:04.68,0:14:06.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Occupations were seen as a viable tactic\N
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.86,0:14:08.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and was a way to bypass
Dialogue: 0,0:14:08.42,0:14:10.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the routines of marches and rallies.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:11.82,0:14:14.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This action is in solidarity with occupations\N
Dialogue: 0,0:14:14.30,0:14:16.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that have occurred so far at UC Davis, UCLA,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:16.69,0:14:18.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,UC Santa Cruz, SF State.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:19.75,0:14:21.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Using the tactic of occupation\N
Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.91,0:14:23.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really did mark a departure
Dialogue: 0,0:14:23.76,0:14:26.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the typical tactics
Dialogue: 0,0:14:26.15,0:14:29.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,known and seen in the student movement.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:30.76,0:14:33.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the occupations were a major contrast to
Dialogue: 0,0:14:33.70,0:14:35.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,marches and rallies, which,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:35.44,0:14:37.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you know, are pretty routine.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.65,0:14:39.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everyone gets together for a few hours,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:39.46,0:14:40.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then they go home.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:40.63,0:14:44.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the occupations, people could meet each other
Dialogue: 0,0:14:44.10,0:14:46.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and have longer conversations.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:46.06,0:14:47.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And more importantly, there was a continuous
Dialogue: 0,0:14:47.97,0:14:49.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and visible presence of people
Dialogue: 0,0:14:49.84,0:14:53.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that made the student movement feel more tangible.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:53.33,0:14:55.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not just a series of actions,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:55.12,0:14:57.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also a materially enduring place.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:58.37,0:15:01.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It took on more of a direct action approach
Dialogue: 0,0:15:01.28,0:15:03.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at trying to take space.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:03.92,0:15:06.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is something that allowed us to
Dialogue: 0,0:15:06.48,0:15:10.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,try to manifest what we were actually dreaming of.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:10.17,0:15:13.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As opposed to simply asking that
Dialogue: 0,0:15:13.55,0:15:17.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the "authorities that be" give us what we want.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:17.36,0:15:19.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This really gave us a huge motivation
Dialogue: 0,0:15:19.80,0:15:22.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and showed the students that they had great power.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:23.30,0:15:26.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have a 32% fee increase
Dialogue: 0,0:15:26.12,0:15:28.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we want immediately repealed.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:28.79,0:15:30.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But you know what?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:30.80,0:15:33.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We want a whole lot more than that.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:33.10,0:15:36.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We want public education that is free!
Dialogue: 0,0:15:36.85,0:15:37.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in mid-November \N
Dialogue: 0,0:15:37.87,0:15:39.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there was a three-day strike in response to
Dialogue: 0,0:15:39.78,0:15:42.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the UC administrators increasing the tuition by 32%.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:43.64,0:15:46.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was an occupation at UC Santa Cruz,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:46.12,0:15:47.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while at UC Berkeley there was a march
Dialogue: 0,0:15:47.82,0:15:50.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,attended by well over several thousand people.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:50.86,0:15:52.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also walk-outs and sit-ins at various
Dialogue: 0,0:15:52.64,0:15:54.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cal States in the Bay Area.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:54.44,0:15:58.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,November 19th UCSC, UC Davis, and UCLA
Dialogue: 0,0:15:58.25,0:15:59.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,occupied administrative buildings.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:59.97,0:16:01.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And on November 20th, Wheeler Hall,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:01.95,0:16:04.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at UC Berkeley was occupied
Dialogue: 0,0:16:04.05,0:16:06.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with clashes with police
Dialogue: 0,0:16:06.33,0:16:08.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and other Cal States has sit-ins.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:08.96,0:16:10.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From that point forward
Dialogue: 0,0:16:10.30,0:16:12.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there was a series of smaller actions,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:12.34,0:16:14.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,marches to the chancellor’s house,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:14.61,0:16:17.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sit-ins, more occupations
Dialogue: 0,0:16:17.37,0:16:20.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,happening at the UCs and other Cal States.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:20.01,0:16:21.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,During that time there was a lot of networking
Dialogue: 0,0:16:21.68,0:16:23.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,among students and militants
Dialogue: 0,0:16:23.28,0:16:26.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this was a period of time where a lot of the students
Dialogue: 0,0:16:26.82,0:16:28.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from different campuses were able to
Dialogue: 0,0:16:28.40,0:16:32.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,kind of coordinate and talk about what to do next.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:33.86,0:16:35.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The students who were participating
Dialogue: 0,0:16:35.55,0:16:38.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the occupation movement faced repression
Dialogue: 0,0:16:38.47,0:16:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from both the state and the university.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:42.00,0:16:44.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,University administrators were caught off guard
Dialogue: 0,0:16:44.27,0:16:47.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the occupations and seemed kind of
Dialogue: 0,0:16:47.55,0:16:49.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unsure as to what to do.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:49.35,0:16:50.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But as the movement continued,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:50.86,0:16:53.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the UC administration resorted to calling in the police
Dialogue: 0,0:16:53.69,0:16:55.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,both from on and off campus.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:56.32,0:16:58.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Guys they’re at this door!
Dialogue: 0,0:16:58.74,0:17:01.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the police department, unlock the door!
Dialogue: 0,0:17:01.95,0:17:05.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And of course this is trying to prevent students\N
Dialogue: 0,0:17:05.07,0:17:08.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from participating in any student activities.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:08.70,0:17:12.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Definitely the anarchists focused more on trying to
Dialogue: 0,0:17:12.94,0:17:16.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bring the issues outside of just the university campuses.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:16.28,0:17:18.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We were trying to relate this struggle now
Dialogue: 0,0:17:18.86,0:17:21.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to problems and issues with capitalism
Dialogue: 0,0:17:21.76,0:17:25.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and class struggle... because it is entirely related.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:29.25,0:17:30.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the Global North, \N
Dialogue: 0,0:17:30.41,0:17:32.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the struggle against the colonial Apartheid regime
Dialogue: 0,0:17:32.78,0:17:35.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in so-called South Africa is often presented
Dialogue: 0,0:17:35.42,0:17:37.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a feel-good example of the merits
Dialogue: 0,0:17:37.10,0:17:40.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of pursuing a patient strategy of non-violence,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:40.31,0:17:42.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the effectiveness of international solidarity
Dialogue: 0,0:17:42.57,0:17:44.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and boycott campaigns.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:44.23,0:17:47.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When addressing seemingly intractable conflicts,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:47.08,0:17:49.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as the decades-long Palestinian resistance
Dialogue: 0,0:17:49.59,0:17:51.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to Israeli occupation,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:51.21,0:17:53.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Western liberals are fond of lamenting
Dialogue: 0,0:17:53.03,0:17:55.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the lack of a so-called “Nelson Mandela figure”
Dialogue: 0,0:17:55.72,0:17:57.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who could unite divided populations
Dialogue: 0,0:17:57.71,0:18:00.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and galvanize world opinion behind a peaceful
Dialogue: 0,0:18:00.22,0:18:03.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and dignified demand for national self-determination.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:03.82,0:18:06.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not only does this wholesome and incredibly racist narrative
Dialogue: 0,0:18:06.91,0:18:09.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ignore the fact that Mandela himself
Dialogue: 0,0:18:09.11,0:18:12.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was an active proponent of armed struggle,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:12.05,0:18:14.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are many people who feel
Dialogue: 0,0:18:14.31,0:18:16.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it is useless and futile
Dialogue: 0,0:18:16.77,0:18:19.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for us to continue talking peace and non-violence
Dialogue: 0,0:18:19.98,0:18:22.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,against a government whose reply
Dialogue: 0,0:18:22.43,0:18:24.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is only savage attacks.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:25.11,0:18:27.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it also hides the essential role
Dialogue: 0,0:18:27.02,0:18:28.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that militant youth movements played
Dialogue: 0,0:18:28.78,0:18:30.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in toppling the Apartheid regime,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:30.72,0:18:31.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the important role
Dialogue: 0,0:18:31.80,0:18:33.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that struggles around education
Dialogue: 0,0:18:33.28,0:18:34.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,played in this process.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:35.38,0:18:36.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of the catalysing events
Dialogue: 0,0:18:36.92,0:18:38.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that marked a turning point
Dialogue: 0,0:18:38.26,0:18:39.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the struggle against Apartheid
Dialogue: 0,0:18:39.91,0:18:43.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,took place on June 16th, 1976,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:43.61,0:18:45.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when 10,000 high school students
Dialogue: 0,0:18:45.41,0:18:46.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,marched in Soweto
Dialogue: 0,0:18:46.83,0:18:50.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to protest the forced introduction of Afrikaner language
Dialogue: 0,0:18:50.21,0:18:52.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into their school curriculum.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:52.03,0:18:53.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The state's response was to open fire
Dialogue: 0,0:18:53.90,0:18:55.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the crowd of children,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:55.23,0:18:57.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,killing at least 176, \N
Dialogue: 0,0:18:57.86,0:18:59.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and wounding over a thousand.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:59.46,0:19:01.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the wake of this tragedy,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:01.11,0:19:02.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,many youth joined the armed wing
Dialogue: 0,0:19:02.57,0:19:05.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the African National Congress, or ANC,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:05.61,0:19:07.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who eventually assumed power
Dialogue: 0,0:19:07.15,0:19:10.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,following open elections in 1994.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:10.33,0:19:13.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yet the rosy picture of post-Apartheid South Africa
Dialogue: 0,0:19:13.20,0:19:15.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also ignores the reality that \N
Dialogue: 0,0:19:15.15,0:19:17.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,despite more than two decades of ANC rule,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:17.70,0:19:20.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the country still possesses the highest rates
Dialogue: 0,0:19:20.05,0:19:21.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of inequality in the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:21.60,0:19:24.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with an overwhelming majority of the nation's wealth
Dialogue: 0,0:19:24.60,0:19:26.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,remaining in the hands of white settlers.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:26.96,0:19:29.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 2015, a struggle began to take shape
Dialogue: 0,0:19:29.99,0:19:31.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,demanding a long-overdue reckoning
Dialogue: 0,0:19:31.89,0:19:33.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the country's colonial legacy.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:33.96,0:19:35.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Beginning with a symbolic protest
Dialogue: 0,0:19:35.63,0:19:37.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the University of Cape Town \N
Dialogue: 0,0:19:37.45,0:19:40.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,against the statue of South Africa's colonial founder,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:40.41,0:19:41.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cecil Rhodes,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:41.75,0:19:43.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the movement quickly spread across the country,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:43.96,0:19:45.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and has since taken up militant calls
Dialogue: 0,0:19:45.76,0:19:47.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for free, decolonized education.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:54.63,0:19:56.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The university struggle
Dialogue: 0,0:19:56.09,0:19:58.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the university space is a microcosm
Dialogue: 0,0:19:58.54,0:20:00.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the struggle and the problems \N
Dialogue: 0,0:20:00.09,0:20:02.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,within broader society.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:02.11,0:20:05.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, the struggles that we have at the university
Dialogue: 0,0:20:05.82,0:20:09.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- whether it be economic issues around fees,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:09.76,0:20:13.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the political issues around liberation and injustice, etc -
Dialogue: 0,0:20:13.94,0:20:17.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that feed into the broader discussion about
Dialogue: 0,0:20:17.43,0:20:21.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we are as a country in South Africa post-1994.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:21.98,0:20:25.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I would say we currently exist in a post-Apartheid,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:25.80,0:20:27.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,apartheid South Africa
Dialogue: 0,0:20:27.46,0:20:30.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where there is many continued injustices
Dialogue: 0,0:20:30.91,0:20:34.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we still are fighting for liberation and equality.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:34.24,0:20:36.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The statue at the University of Cape Town,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:36.80,0:20:39.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one of Africa’s top academic institutions,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:39.95,0:20:42.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has been covered up for the past few weeks.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:42.48,0:20:46.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As both white and Black students regularly marched past
Dialogue: 0,0:20:46.54,0:20:50.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the hashtag #RhodesMustFall placards
Dialogue: 0,0:20:50.16,0:20:51.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,calling for its removal.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:51.81,0:20:54.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Prior to 2015, there had been a lot of talk
Dialogue: 0,0:20:54.08,0:20:58.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,around how young people in South Africa are apathetic,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:58.10,0:21:00.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,apolitical, they aren’t engaged citizens etc,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:00.57,0:21:01.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all of those things. \N
Dialogue: 0,0:21:01.75,0:21:03.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because of the history that young people
Dialogue: 0,0:21:03.37,0:21:06.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have played in South Africa, like 1976,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:06.29,0:21:08.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the youth movements of 1968,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:08.83,0:21:11.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,SASO and the Black Consciousness movement
Dialogue: 0,0:21:11.03,0:21:12.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were largely spearheaded by young people.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:12.94,0:21:15.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In a historical sense, there is this,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:15.48,0:21:18.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I guess historic role, or obligation in some sense,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:18.49,0:21:20.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or duty that young people have played
Dialogue: 0,0:21:20.68,0:21:22.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in shaping the national destiny
Dialogue: 0,0:21:22.66,0:21:23.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of South African politics.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:23.65,0:21:27.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so after 1994 there was a very sharp decline
Dialogue: 0,0:21:27.49,0:21:31.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of youth participation in critiquing government policies,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:31.56,0:21:33.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in critiquing, you know, the neoliberal settlement,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:33.99,0:21:35.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,against colonialism,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:35.09,0:21:38.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,against undoing all those historic injustices of the past.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:38.20,0:21:39.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, the significance of Rhodes Must Fall
Dialogue: 0,0:21:39.81,0:21:43.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was that it re-energized that aspect of youth involvement.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:46.100,0:21:50.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So Rhodes Must Fall was a decolonial student movement
Dialogue: 0,0:21:50.63,0:21:53.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that formed that the beginning of 2015
Dialogue: 0,0:21:53.51,0:21:58.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in response to structural and institutional racism
Dialogue: 0,0:21:58.67,0:22:01.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the university, and in society.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:01.22,0:22:05.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And structural and institutional patriarchy
Dialogue: 0,0:22:05.20,0:22:09.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and just general inequality that Black students,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:22:09.40,0:22:12.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,workers, and staff were facing at the university.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:12.77,0:22:14.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It’s based on three pillars,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:14.56,0:22:17.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ideological pillars of Black Consciousness,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:17.89,0:22:21.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Black radical feminism through intersectionality,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:21.26,0:22:23.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and pan-Africanism.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:24.04,0:22:27.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 2015 there was a campaign to remove the statue
Dialogue: 0,0:22:27.17,0:22:28.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of Cecil John Rhodes
Dialogue: 0,0:22:28.12,0:22:29.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was located here on campus.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:29.94,0:22:32.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that sparked, it was like a catalyst,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:32.16,0:22:34.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the symbolic act of the fall of the statue.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:34.98,0:22:37.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think that's where one can begin to trace ideas\N
Dialogue: 0,0:22:37.78,0:22:39.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of what fallism is.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:39.76,0:22:41.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The relationship between Rhodes Must Fall
Dialogue: 0,0:22:41.55,0:22:42.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Fees Must Fall,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:42.73,0:22:44.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think one must understand Rhodes Must Fall
Dialogue: 0,0:22:44.79,0:22:46.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a catalytic moment
Dialogue: 0,0:22:46.86,0:22:49.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then Fees Must Fall as a subsequent action\N
Dialogue: 0,0:22:49.62,0:22:52.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of that initial event that happened.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:06.62,0:23:08.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let go of her!\N
Dialogue: 0,0:23:08.33,0:23:09.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Leave me alone!
Dialogue: 0,0:23:11.92,0:23:15.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think fallism applies broadly as an arsenal
Dialogue: 0,0:23:15.15,0:23:17.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or a canon of protest tactics.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:17.64,0:23:22.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the sense of disruptions, shutdowns, occupations.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:22.17,0:23:23.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those were some of the defining features
Dialogue: 0,0:23:23.95,0:23:27.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of protest movements in 2015 and early 2016
Dialogue: 0,0:23:27.68,0:23:29.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which came to characterize fallism.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:29.40,0:23:31.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Disrupting the space so that you can highlight
Dialogue: 0,0:23:31.42,0:23:33.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some of the injustices which exist.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:33.69,0:23:36.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But not only around specific occasions,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:36.59,0:23:38.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but as a daily thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:41.14,0:23:42.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rhodes Must Fall and then Fees Must Fall
Dialogue: 0,0:23:42.83,0:23:46.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was organized as a non-partisan student movement,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:46.31,0:23:48.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on a flat structure, \N
Dialogue: 0,0:23:48.43,0:23:51.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where there was no, you know, recognized leadership.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:51.94,0:23:54.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because I think one of the issues that we had had
Dialogue: 0,0:23:54.58,0:23:58.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in previous organizations and organizing
Dialogue: 0,0:23:58.22,0:24:00.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was that the kind of hierarchical structure
Dialogue: 0,0:24:00.61,0:24:04.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,didn’t always work and it caused a lot of factionalism
Dialogue: 0,0:24:04.71,0:24:06.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, you know... party politics.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:06.50,0:24:07.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What would happen was that,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:07.84,0:24:10.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,organization was basically set-up
Dialogue: 0,0:24:10.11,0:24:12.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to coordinate different tasks.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:12.29,0:24:16.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The public in particular was very curious about
Dialogue: 0,0:24:16.08,0:24:17.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how the movement was organized \N
Dialogue: 0,0:24:17.50,0:24:18.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because there was this question of
Dialogue: 0,0:24:18.79,0:24:20.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,'who do you hold accountable?'
Dialogue: 0,0:24:20.38,0:24:21.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Initially it was a tactic,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:21.80,0:24:24.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially in the early days of the movement, to say:
Dialogue: 0,0:24:24.27,0:24:25.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,'we don’t have any leaders.'
Dialogue: 0,0:24:25.83,0:24:28.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that if you want to victimize someone in particular,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:28.37,0:24:31.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it would be harder for the authorities to do that.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:31.32,0:24:34.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From my thinking it was both a strategic
Dialogue: 0,0:24:34.13,0:24:36.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and ideological decision.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:36.17,0:24:38.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We wanted to avoid the pitfalls
Dialogue: 0,0:24:38.42,0:24:41.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of having like one or two iconic leaders
Dialogue: 0,0:24:41.96,0:24:45.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then you know, everything kind of
Dialogue: 0,0:24:45.22,0:24:47.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is hinged around them.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:47.32,0:24:49.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we can say we are a flat structure
Dialogue: 0,0:24:49.23,0:24:52.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in trying to embody this ideal democratic structure
Dialogue: 0,0:24:52.73,0:24:53.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of participation,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:53.93,0:24:56.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where everyone's advice has got equal weight
Dialogue: 0,0:24:56.66,0:24:58.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and people’s politics are given equal room
Dialogue: 0,0:24:58.19,0:25:00.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be expressed in a space.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:01.98,0:25:05.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The idea of, you know, Mandela’s rainbowism
Dialogue: 0,0:25:05.30,0:25:09.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this rainbow nation mythology that exists
Dialogue: 0,0:25:09.64,0:25:11.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where, you know, we are all 'kumbaya',
Dialogue: 0,0:25:11.79,0:25:15.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,'hold hands', 'we are one' type of thing does not exist.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:15.81,0:25:17.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the Truth and Reconciliation Commission\N
Dialogue: 0,0:25:17.92,0:25:19.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that existed in this country
Dialogue: 0,0:25:19.58,0:25:22.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,didn’t do anything to really solve
Dialogue: 0,0:25:22.08,0:25:24.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the material reasons for why
Dialogue: 0,0:25:24.42,0:25:28.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is this inequality and deep-seated anger
Dialogue: 0,0:25:28.76,0:25:31.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and hurt and pain caused
Dialogue: 0,0:25:31.11,0:25:33.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by colonialism and Apartheid.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:36.29,0:25:37.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,State education systems,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:37.88,0:25:40.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and particularly colleges and universities,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:40.08,0:25:43.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,play a vital role in the reproduction of social control.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:43.16,0:25:44.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not only are they the physical sites
Dialogue: 0,0:25:44.98,0:25:46.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where millions of future workers are trained
Dialogue: 0,0:25:46.89,0:25:49.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to participate in the capitalist economy, generally,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:49.77,0:25:51.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but increasingly these institutions serve
Dialogue: 0,0:25:51.96,0:25:53.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as corporate incubators,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:25:53.41,0:25:54.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,providing cheap labour
Dialogue: 0,0:25:54.68,0:25:57.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and cutting edge research and development facilities
Dialogue: 0,0:25:57.53,0:26:00.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the IT, Nanotech, genetics, engineering,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:00.94,0:26:03.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,extraction and weapons manufacturing industries.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:03.90,0:26:04.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As a result,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:04.71,0:26:07.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,students occupy a uniquely strategic choke point
Dialogue: 0,0:26:07.15,0:26:08.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the maintenance and development \N
Dialogue: 0,0:26:08.89,0:26:10.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the global economy.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:10.31,0:26:12.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But beyond their potential utility
Dialogue: 0,0:26:12.10,0:26:14.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as atomized cogs in the capitalist machine,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:14.94,0:26:17.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when students come together around shared demands,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:17.70,0:26:20.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they can also serve as a catalysing spark
Dialogue: 0,0:26:20.05,0:26:23.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for broader movements seeking wide-ranging social change.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:23.26,0:26:25.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Youth movements can inject a well-needed shot
Dialogue: 0,0:26:25.53,0:26:28.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of idealism, dynamism, and militancy
Dialogue: 0,0:26:28.62,0:26:31.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into more long-standing and complacent social movements
Dialogue: 0,0:26:31.87,0:26:33.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that may otherwise remained focused
Dialogue: 0,0:26:33.45,0:26:35.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on defending past gains,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:35.36,0:26:38.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and reliant on outdated tactics and strategies.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:38.93,0:26:40.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Before a new world can be built
Dialogue: 0,0:26:40.76,0:26:42.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,... the old one must be torn down.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:48.62,0:26:50.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The student movement of 2009
Dialogue: 0,0:26:50.95,0:26:53.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was so significant to me personally.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:53.18,0:26:56.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Prior to this movement I wasn’t really an anarchist
Dialogue: 0,0:26:56.68,0:26:58.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or even politically active,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:58.67,0:27:00.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so this movement really was something\N
Dialogue: 0,0:27:00.90,0:27:02.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that radicalized me.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:03.80,0:27:04.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For many students,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:04.76,0:27:07.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the student movement was not only about
Dialogue: 0,0:27:07.03,0:27:08.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the socio-economic conditions
Dialogue: 0,0:27:08.46,0:27:09.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they were confronting,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:09.59,0:27:10.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also about the possibilities
Dialogue: 0,0:27:10.90,0:27:12.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a different kind of future.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:12.40,0:27:13.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there was a positive vision
Dialogue: 0,0:27:13.53,0:27:15.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,behind this movement as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:17.11,0:27:18.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because the students are young people,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:18.73,0:27:20.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's a lot of growing and growth
Dialogue: 0,0:27:20.59,0:27:21.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that still needs to happen.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:21.48,0:27:23.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People still are finding themselves, or whatever.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:23.76,0:27:28.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that becomes even more accentuated in that space.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:28.37,0:27:30.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which often tends to be like
Dialogue: 0,0:27:30.04,0:27:33.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a very tense, emotionally-charged space.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:34.59,0:27:35.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I understands that some radicals
Dialogue: 0,0:27:35.90,0:27:38.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,may view students with a bit of suspicion.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:38.22,0:27:41.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While students occupy an ambiguous social position
Dialogue: 0,0:27:41.15,0:27:43.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since the university maintains and reproduces\N
Dialogue: 0,0:27:43.59,0:27:46.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the division of intellectual and manual work.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:46.30,0:27:47.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think it’s still important for radicals
Dialogue: 0,0:27:47.72,0:27:49.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to maintain a presence on campuses
Dialogue: 0,0:27:49.24,0:27:50.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in some kind of way.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:50.31,0:27:52.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whether it’s through more postering campaigns,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:52.96,0:27:54.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or tabling literature,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:54.58,0:27:56.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or setting up events that explicitly address
Dialogue: 0,0:27:56.56,0:27:58.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,alternatives to capitalism,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:58.06,0:28:00.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there needs to be some sort of continuous
Dialogue: 0,0:28:00.90,0:28:03.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and visible presence on campuses
Dialogue: 0,0:28:03.51,0:28:07.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are able to make counter messages clear.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:09.00,0:28:11.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In addition to having organizing spaces
Dialogue: 0,0:28:11.69,0:28:13.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are specifically for anarchists
Dialogue: 0,0:28:13.65,0:28:15.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and anti-authoritarians,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:15.22,0:28:17.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we really need to work in coalition
Dialogue: 0,0:28:17.66,0:28:21.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with other members of the student body,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:21.28,0:28:23.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,faculty, and staff
Dialogue: 0,0:28:23.75,0:28:27.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- ultimately to gain widespread support.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:27.82,0:28:29.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to learn how to work
Dialogue: 0,0:28:29.35,0:28:31.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and mobilize within our communities
Dialogue: 0,0:28:31.70,0:28:34.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how to build consistently throughout the year
Dialogue: 0,0:28:34.81,0:28:36.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that we’re not just protesting
Dialogue: 0,0:28:36.49,0:28:38.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at a particular time of the year.\N
Dialogue: 0,0:28:38.51,0:28:40.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that we’re consistently working
Dialogue: 0,0:28:40.26,0:28:42.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and building the movement.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:43.32,0:28:45.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think popular education was
Dialogue: 0,0:28:45.44,0:28:48.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,significantly under-emphasized in the movement space.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:48.86,0:28:50.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Especially in the last few years
Dialogue: 0,0:28:50.02,0:28:53.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it has lead to a significantly impoverished articulation
Dialogue: 0,0:28:53.76,0:28:55.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of what the demands are.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:55.96,0:28:58.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It would be nice to build character
Dialogue: 0,0:28:58.88,0:29:01.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which can withstand some of those trappings
Dialogue: 0,0:29:01.88,0:29:03.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and pitfalls in particular.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:03.46,0:29:06.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which tend to see movements disintegrating.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:06.91,0:29:08.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think there’s value in just
Dialogue: 0,0:29:08.21,0:29:09.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,trying to always be consistent.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:09.79,0:29:10.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To answer what it is
Dialogue: 0,0:29:10.86,0:29:12.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you’re committing yourself to.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:17.55,0:29:21.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I believe that the occupations carried out
Dialogue: 0,0:29:21.44,0:29:23.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the student movement really expanded
Dialogue: 0,0:29:23.71,0:29:26.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the vocabulary of what is possible
Dialogue: 0,0:29:26.42,0:29:28.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in terms of direct action.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:28.46,0:29:30.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now direct action tactics are\N
Dialogue: 0,0:29:30.90,0:29:33.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually much more accepted on university campuses
Dialogue: 0,0:29:33.97,0:29:35.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than they once were.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:35.02,0:29:38.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this happened as a gradual process
Dialogue: 0,0:29:38.20,0:29:40.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I believe that the students and faculty
Dialogue: 0,0:29:40.92,0:29:43.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and staff really did see the value
Dialogue: 0,0:29:43.52,0:29:46.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in taking action themselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:46.11,0:29:48.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know that there is risk involved.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:48.26,0:29:49.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But you never gain anything
Dialogue: 0,0:29:49.85,0:29:51.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without a little bit of sacrifice.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:52.57,0:29:54.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The UC campuses have continued
Dialogue: 0,0:29:54.39,0:29:56.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the legacy of militant direct action.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:56.58,0:29:58.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Recent confrontations with Milo and the Alt Right
Dialogue: 0,0:29:58.84,0:30:00.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are definitely a part of this legacy.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:01.13,0:30:02.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of the tactics that we used to deploy
Dialogue: 0,0:30:02.87,0:30:05.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- some of those tactics ended up becoming signs
Dialogue: 0,0:30:05.14,0:30:06.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and tactics for people in the movement,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:06.76,0:30:10.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so it reached a point that you couldn’t critique.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:11.19,0:30:14.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think that you also have to learn when to face the state.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:14.35,0:30:15.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when to not.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:15.74,0:30:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have to learn that... because they broke us.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:20.00,0:30:22.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I really think that the rupture occurred
Dialogue: 0,0:30:22.14,0:30:23.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,under the logic of the state,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:23.71,0:30:26.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which relies on the burn-out of social movements.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:26.59,0:30:30.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like, the co-optation didn’t work, or worked afterwards,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:30.36,0:30:32.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the repression didn’t either
Dialogue: 0,0:30:32.58,0:30:34.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,... but we’re going to burn them out.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:34.30,0:30:37.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When the state and the university
Dialogue: 0,0:30:37.22,0:30:40.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,becomes increasingly authoritarian and repressive,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:40.83,0:30:43.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instead of looking out at what the issues are
Dialogue: 0,0:30:43.71,0:30:46.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are causing these things, we look inward.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:46.100,0:30:50.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so I would say that too much of an inward focus
Dialogue: 0,0:30:50.90,0:30:53.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can really make the movement
Dialogue: 0,0:30:53.52,0:30:55.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very small and very difficult.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:56.14,0:30:57.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to set out a vision
Dialogue: 0,0:30:57.27,0:30:59.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's able to speak to
Dialogue: 0,0:30:59.01,0:31:00.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what the society is unable to provide,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:00.84,0:31:03.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not just be against some issue or another.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:03.64,0:31:05.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If, as a student, \N
Dialogue: 0,0:31:05.43,0:31:08.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a person who has university education,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:08.52,0:31:12.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you want to make social changes - political changes -
Dialogue: 0,0:31:12.28,0:31:14.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have to do them concretely.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:14.60,0:31:16.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bring your knowledge,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:31:16.47,0:31:18.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,activate yourself with other people
Dialogue: 0,0:31:18.86,0:31:20.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to generate productive projects.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:20.81,0:31:24.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Educational projects that improve conditions for people,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:24.68,0:31:27.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even if it’s on a very small scale. But make it real.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:27.94,0:31:29.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Something concrete.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:29.28,0:31:32.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And not so abstract, like all this around generating
Dialogue: 0,0:31:32.27,0:31:34.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a massive movement with huge masses\N
Dialogue: 0,0:31:34.46,0:31:35.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are going to bring down a regime.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:36.17,0:31:38.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to give support to other countries
Dialogue: 0,0:31:38.65,0:31:40.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the world is not focusing on.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:40.28,0:31:42.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The narrative is just around what’s happening
Dialogue: 0,0:31:42.42,0:31:44.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the United States of America
Dialogue: 0,0:31:44.37,0:31:46.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when there are many struggles across the world
Dialogue: 0,0:31:46.69,0:31:49.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we need to focus on and need to learn from.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:49.07,0:31:52.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so what I would encourage is that we meet
Dialogue: 0,0:31:52.98,0:31:54.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as young people
Dialogue: 0,0:31:54.94,0:31:57.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- as students from these student movements.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:57.07,0:32:00.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that we can organize together and build together.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:00.76,0:32:03.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because that’s the only way we are going to defeat
Dialogue: 0,0:32:03.25,0:32:06.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a white supremacist, capitalist, patriarchal,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:06.04,0:32:07.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and ableist system.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:10.18,0:32:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While students have historically served
Dialogue: 0,0:32:12.00,0:32:13.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as active participants
Dialogue: 0,0:32:13.24,0:32:15.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in broader struggles for social change,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:15.21,0:32:16.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's important to remember that
Dialogue: 0,0:32:16.50,0:32:19.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's nothing inherently revolutionary about them.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:19.09,0:32:22.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,University campuses can just as easily serve
Dialogue: 0,0:32:22.03,0:32:23.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as the breeding grounds for fascism
Dialogue: 0,0:32:23.81,0:32:26.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and other toxic forms of political reaction.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:26.66,0:32:28.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This threat is particularly acute today,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:28.80,0:32:31.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from campuses across the United States,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:31.28,0:32:33.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where alt-right and white nationalist groups
Dialogue: 0,0:32:33.42,0:32:35.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are aggressively targeting students
Dialogue: 0,0:32:35.20,0:32:37.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for recruitment and indoctrination,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:37.12,0:32:38.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to those in China,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:38.38,0:32:40.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where organized student groups form
Dialogue: 0,0:32:40.48,0:32:42.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an important bulwark of an emergent
Dialogue: 0,0:32:42.35,0:32:44.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hyper-nationalist state ethos.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:44.62,0:32:46.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These spaces are contested territories,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:46.93,0:32:49.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,meaning that revolutionaries need to actively engage
Dialogue: 0,0:32:49.73,0:32:53.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and organize with their peers in order to build movements\N
Dialogue: 0,0:32:53.10,0:32:55.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,capable of waging effective resistance.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:55.78,0:32:57.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So at this point,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:57.04,0:32:58.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we’d like to remind you that Trouble is
Dialogue: 0,0:32:58.50,0:33:00.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,intended to be watched in groups,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:00.61,0:33:03.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to be used as a resource to promote discussion
Dialogue: 0,0:33:03.16,0:33:04.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and collective organizing.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:04.82,0:33:06.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Are you a student that's interested in
Dialogue: 0,0:33:06.32,0:33:09.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,carrying out revolutionary anti-capitalist organizing
Dialogue: 0,0:33:09.12,0:33:11.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in your university or college campus,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:11.47,0:33:12.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or even in your high school?
Dialogue: 0,0:33:12.85,0:33:14.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Consider getting together with some comrades,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:14.83,0:33:16.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,organizing a screening of this film,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:16.94,0:33:18.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and discussing a strategy
Dialogue: 0,0:33:18.20,0:33:19.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for where you might get started.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:19.58,0:33:22.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Interested in running regular screenings of Trouble
Dialogue: 0,0:33:22.12,0:33:24.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at your campus, infoshop, community center,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:24.89,0:33:26.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or even just at home with friends?
Dialogue: 0,0:33:26.56,0:33:27.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Become a Trouble-Maker!
Dialogue: 0,0:33:27.98,0:33:29.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For 10 bucks a month,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:29.07,0:33:31.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we’ll hook you up with an advanced copy of the show,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:31.22,0:33:34.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a screening kit featuring additional resources
Dialogue: 0,0:33:34.02,0:33:37.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and some questions you can use to get a discussion going.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:37.11,0:33:39.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you can’t afford to support us financially,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:39.73,0:33:40.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no worries!
Dialogue: 0,0:33:40.70,0:33:43.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can stream and/or download all our content
Dialogue: 0,0:33:43.63,0:33:45.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for free off our website:
Dialogue: 0,0:33:47.43,0:33:49.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you’ve got any suggestions for show topics,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:49.86,0:33:52.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or just want to get in touch, drop us a line at:
Dialogue: 0,0:33:54.85,0:33:55.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In case you missed it, \N
Dialogue: 0,0:33:55.94,0:33:58.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're pleased to announce the return of the Stimulator
Dialogue: 0,0:33:58.42,0:34:01.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with his brand new show: The Fuckin' News.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:01.13,0:34:03.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you haven't checked out his pilot episode,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:03.59,0:34:04.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can find it on our website,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:04.90,0:34:06.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,along with past episodes of
Dialogue: 0,0:34:06.32,0:34:09.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the End of the World as We Know it And I Feel Fine, at:
Dialogue: 0,0:34:12.48,0:34:14.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This episode would not have been possible
Dialogue: 0,0:34:14.35,0:34:16.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without the generous support of Jose,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:16.62,0:34:18.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Simone, Tannie and Chloe.\N
Dialogue: 0,0:34:18.97,0:34:21.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now get out there, and make some trouble!