[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.21,0:00:23.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These two Nazi scientists worked\Nat the Dachau Concentration Camp
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.73,0:00:25.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,during World War II.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.25,0:00:29.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were conducting an experiment
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.29,0:00:33.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to see how long a human being\Ncould survive in freezing water.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.54,0:00:37.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like good scientists,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.25,0:00:43.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they took systematic measures\Nincluding duration until death.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.83,0:00:49.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Examples of human cruelty\Nof this kind raise a big question.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.50,0:00:54.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How is it possible\Nto treat a person as a mere object?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.92,0:01:03.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The traditional explanation\Nfor human cruelty is in terms of evil.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.17,0:01:09.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I find the concept of evil\Nunhelpful and unscientific.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.92,0:01:13.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It implies that the person is possessed\Nby some supernatural force.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.71,0:01:18.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even worse it's dangerously circular;
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.33,0:01:22.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if the definition of evil\Nis the absence of good,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.33,0:01:24.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then all we're really saying
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.21,0:01:27.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is he did something bad\Nbecause he is not good.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.54,0:01:30.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It hasn't really taken us\Nany further forward.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.96,0:01:35.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In contrast the concept of empathy,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.29,0:01:38.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to argue\Nis scientifically helpful;
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.67,0:01:41.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can measure it, you can study it.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.38,0:01:48.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Empathy has two distinct components --\Ncognitive and affective.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.67,0:01:52.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cognitive empathy is the ability
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.25,0:01:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to imagine someone else's\Nthoughts and feelings;
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.04,0:01:57.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,putting yourself into\Nsomeone else's shoes.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.68,0:01:59.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the recognition part.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.58,0:02:05.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Affective empathy is the drive to respond\Nwith an appropriate emotion
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.75,0:02:08.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to what someone else\Nis thinking or feeling.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.96,0:02:12.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to argue\Nthat low affective empathy
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.00,0:02:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a necessary factor\Nto explain human cruelty.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.21,0:02:21.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Empathy isn't all or none;\Nit comes by degrees,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.96,0:02:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there a individual differences in it.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.04,0:02:28.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it gives rise\Nto the empathy bell curve.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.79,0:02:31.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most of us are in the middle\Nof this spectrum
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.92,0:02:34.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with average amounts of empathy.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.58,0:02:38.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are some people\Nwho have above average levels of empathy.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.11,0:02:40.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what are the factors
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.50,0:02:44.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can lead an individual\Nto have low empathy
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.12,0:02:48.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,either temporarily or permanently?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.54,0:02:52.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What are those social factors?\NWhat are those biological factors?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.42,0:02:59.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One social factor\Nis obedience to authority.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.21,0:03:04.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The experiment by Stanley Milgram\Nat Yale University showed
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.75,0:03:08.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that people are willing to administer\Nelectric shocks to someone
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.87,0:03:10.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to help them learn,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.34,0:03:13.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if they're instructed to do so\Nby an authority figure.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.26,0:03:16.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This suggests that simply,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.04,0:03:20.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,following orders may be one factor\Nthat can erode our empathy.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.21,0:03:25.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A second social factor is ideology.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.54,0:03:31.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When the terrorists flew the planes\Ninto the World Trade Center on 9/11,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.43,0:03:34.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ww have to assume
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.03,0:03:36.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they were in the grip\Nof a strongly-held belief
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.92,0:03:38.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they were doing the right thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.88,0:03:42.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course, we don't know
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.50,0:03:45.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether the terrorists\Nwho signed up for that action
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.23,0:03:47.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had low empathy to begin with,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.21,0:03:49.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's possible
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.58,0:03:52.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that their ideological beliefs\Nwere another factor
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.86,0:03:56.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that could erode\Ntheir empathy for their victims.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.46,0:04:01.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A third social factor \Nis in-group/out-group relations.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.75,0:04:07.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Rwanda, we saw one ethnic group\Nused propaganda
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.49,0:04:09.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to stereotype the out-group;
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.62,0:04:13.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,describing them as subhuman\Nand as cockroaches.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.78,0:04:17.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we dehumanize a group as the enemy,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.53,0:04:22.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have the potential to lose our empathy;
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.60,0:04:25.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we saw the catastrophic genocide
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.83,0:04:27.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that ensued.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.32,0:04:33.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But none of these social factors\Ncan explain individuals like Ted Bundy.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.71,0:04:38.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He started his adult career\Nas a psychology student
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.11,0:04:40.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the University of Washington
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.11,0:04:43.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where he volunteered\Non a telephone helpline
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.03,0:04:46.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and persuaded women to meet him.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.57,0:04:48.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And over the successive years,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.83,0:04:54.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he committed rape and murder\Nof at least 30 women.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.16,0:04:58.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can assume that he had\Ngood cognitive empathy
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.40,0:05:01.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because he was able \Nto deceive his victims,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.38,0:05:07.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but that he lacked affective empathy\N- he just didn't care -
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.46,0:05:10.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he lacked it in enduring ways.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.20,0:05:17.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The evidence that psychopaths\Nlike Ted Bundy lack affective empathy
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.32,0:05:20.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,comes from an experiment by James Blair
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.21,0:05:22.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was conducted in Broadmoor Hospital.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.83,0:05:25.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He showed psychopaths and a control group
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.93,0:05:28.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,three different types of images,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.25,0:05:34.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,threatening images, neutral images,\Nand images of people in distress.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.98,0:05:37.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What he found was that the psychopaths
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.26,0:05:41.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,only showed reduced physiological response
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.44,0:05:44.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when they saw the images\Nof people in distress.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.47,0:05:48.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this suggests that they lacked\Naffective empathy.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.04,0:05:54.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People with autism have difficulties\Nwith cognitive empathy.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.77,0:05:57.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They struggle to imagine\Nother people's thoughts,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.90,0:06:01.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their motives, their intentions,\Nand their feelings.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.87,0:06:05.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But people with autism\Ndon't tend to hurt other people;
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.57,0:06:08.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instead, they are confused by other people
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.07,0:06:12.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and withdraw socially, preferring\Nthe more predictable world of objects.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.84,0:06:17.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People with autism\Nhave intact affective empathy
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.39,0:06:19.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because when they hear\Nthat somebody is suffering
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.86,0:06:21.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it upsets them.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.94,0:06:25.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This leads us to imagine
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.12,0:06:29.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that people with autism\Nand psychopaths are mirror opposites.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.20,0:06:34.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The psychopath has good cognitive empathy\N- that's how they can deceive -
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.97,0:06:37.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they have reduced affective empathy.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.73,0:06:41.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People with autism\Nhave intact affective empathy,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.28,0:06:45.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but struggle with cognitive empathy\Nfor neurological reasons.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.06,0:06:50.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Psychopaths don't come out of nowhere.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.49,0:06:52.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many of them have shown
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.12,0:06:55.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,antisocial behavior \Nand delinquency in their teens.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.38,0:07:01.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,John Bowlby at the Tavistock Clinic\Nin London studied delinquents and found
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.14,0:07:06.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that many of them had experienced\Nemotional neglect in early childhood.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.25,0:07:11.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He argued that the absence\Nof parental love in early childhood
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.82,0:07:14.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is another factor\Nthat can erode your empathy.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.34,0:07:20.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we know that early experience\Ncan't be the whole story
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.47,0:07:23.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because not everyone\Nwho has a bad childhood
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.60,0:07:25.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,loses their empathy.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.79,0:07:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Avshalom Caspi at the Institute\Nof Psychiatry in London showed
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.03,0:07:35.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that if you've experienced\Nsevere maltreatment in childhood
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.02,0:07:38.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that increases your risk of delinquency.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.54,0:07:42.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But your risk of deliquency\Ngoes up even more
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.74,0:07:47.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you also a carrier\Nof one version of the MAO-A gene
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.76,0:07:49.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,shown here in red;
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.76,0:07:52.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so genes and environment interact.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.44,0:07:56.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another biological factor
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.63,0:08:01.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is associated with empathy levels\Nis the hormone testosterone.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.66,0:08:06.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the fetus, testosterone\Nshapes brain development.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.90,0:08:08.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've measured testosterone
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.68,0:08:11.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the amniotic fluid\Nthat surrounds the baby
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.82,0:08:15.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in women who are having \Namniocentesis during pregnancy.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.07,0:08:21.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We then wait for the baby to be born,\Nand we follow up the children.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.87,0:08:25.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When the children were eight years old,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.75,0:08:28.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we asked them which word best describes
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.45,0:08:31.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what the person in the photo\Nis thinking or feeling.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.19,0:08:35.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here the correct answer is\Nhe is interested in something.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.02,0:08:41.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we found was that the higher\Nthe level of fetal testosterone,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.21,0:08:44.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the more difficulties the child was having
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.12,0:08:47.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at this test of cognitive empathy.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.45,0:08:53.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How much empathy we show\Nis a function of the empathy circuit;
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.86,0:08:56.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a network of regions in the brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.07,0:08:59.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here we can look at just two of them:
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.21,0:09:04.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in red, for left ventromedial\Nprefrontal cortex,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.67,0:09:06.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in blue, the amygdala.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.26,0:09:10.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is Phineas Gage \Nwho suffered damage
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.94,0:09:14.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to his left ventromedial prefrontal cortex
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.64,0:09:20.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after dynamite blasted a metal rod\Nup behind his eye and through his brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.03,0:09:25.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Before the accident, he was described\Nas a polite, considerate individual.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.08,0:09:29.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After the accident,\Nhe was described as rude
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.21,0:09:30.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and no longer able to judge
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.91,0:09:34.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what was socially appropriate\Nfor different situations.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.11,0:09:36.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He'd lost his cognitive empathy.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.12,0:09:43.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Jean Decety at the University of Chicago\Nused brain scanning
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.58,0:09:45.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- functional magnetic resonance imaging -
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.50,0:09:49.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to look at the teenage delinquent brain
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.10,0:09:53.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whilst they were watching films\Nwhere somebody experiences pain
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.90,0:09:59.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as when this piano player's fingers\Ngot crushed by the lid of the piano
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.27,0:10:01.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,falling down on his fingers.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.47,0:10:05.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What he found was that teenagers\Nwith delinquency didn't show
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.01,0:10:09.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the typical levels of activity\Nin the amygdala --
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.15,0:10:12.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,part of the empathy circuit in the brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.41,0:10:15.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But let's not forget\Nthe positive side of empathy.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.42,0:10:19.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most of us have enough empathy,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.16,0:10:22.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and some people\Nhave high levels of empathy.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.55,0:10:26.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When these two men formed a relationship
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.94,0:10:30.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,based on mutual respect and on empathy,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.43,0:10:33.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it let to the end of apartheid\Nin South Africa.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.86,0:10:38.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Empathy is vital for a healthy democracy;
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.08,0:10:41.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it ensures that we listen\Nto different perspectives,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.45,0:10:46.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we hear other people's emotions,\Nand we also feel them.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.53,0:10:51.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Indeed without empathy,\Ndemocracy would not be possible.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.29,0:10:56.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I met this two women\Nin Cambridge this week
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.86,0:10:58.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when they came to visit.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.29,0:11:03.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the left is Siham,\Nand she is a Palestinian woman;
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.02,0:11:08.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,her brother was shot\Nand killed by an Israeli bullet.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.00,0:11:14.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the right is Robi;\Nshe is an Israeli woman.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.01,0:11:18.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Her son was killed\Nby a Palestinian bullet.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.73,0:11:23.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These two women\Nhave taken the courageous step
Dialogue: 0,0:11:23.03,0:11:26.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of forming a relationship\Nacross the political divide.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.53,0:11:30.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They haven't given in\Nto the emotion of revenge
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.01,0:11:34.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which would simply perpetuate\Nthe cycle of violence.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.43,0:11:38.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Instead, they've used their empathy\Nto recognize that they both share
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.55,0:11:44.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the same sorrow, the same awful pain\Nof having lost a loved one.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.79,0:11:52.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Empathy is our most valuable\Nnatural resource for conflict resolution.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.17,0:11:57.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We could wait for our political leaders
Dialogue: 0,0:11:57.24,0:12:00.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to use empathy\N- and that would be refreshing -
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.27,0:12:03.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but actually, \Nwe could all use our empathy.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:03.54,0:12:06.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As Siham and Robi told me,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.54,0:12:10.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The conflict won't stop\Nuntil we empathize."
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.26,0:12:11.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:11.57,0:12:13.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)