[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.00,0:00:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(English captions by Trisha Paul, University of Michigan.)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.00,0:00:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Drought and water scarcity.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.00,0:00:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Factors contributing to drought include global\Nwarming,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.00,0:00:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,El Nino Southern Oscillation, and \Nrandom meteorological variability.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.00,0:00:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Factors contributing to water shortages include\Nincreased water demand, drying up of surface
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.00,0:00:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,water, reduced yield of wells and springs,\Nwater pollution, restricted access to water
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.00,0:01:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sources, dysfunctional water distribution,\Nand poor water conservation.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.00,0:01:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Consequences of drought include desertification,\Nfamine, and drought is closely associated
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.00,0:01:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with political disruption, especially in Africa.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.00,0:01:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Possible public health hazards include health\Nhazards like insufficient water for consumption
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.00,0:01:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and insufficient water for hygiene purposes.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.00,0:01:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The threat to agriculture and \Neconomy, malnutrition
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.00,0:01:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,may be caused by lack of water for food preparation,\Nloss of electrical power from hydroelectric
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.00,0:01:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,generation.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.00,0:02:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are also a number of environmental hazards\Nthat may result from drought and desertification.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.00,0:02:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The general aims for the public health response\Nin water emergencies are to save life and
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.00,0:02:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,preserve health by making at least the minimum\Nquantities of reasonably safe water available
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.00,0:02:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for household use, for institutions and for community\Nservices, to provide supplies, where possible,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.00,0:02:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for livestock and irrigation purposes, to\Nrestore or enhance existing sources, pumping
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.00,0:02:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and distribution systems, where possible,\Nto develop alternative arrangements where
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.00,0:02:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,necessary.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.00,0:02:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Water priorities for public heath include\Nprotection of existing water sources from
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.00,0:03:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,contamination, maintenance of water systems,\Nconservation measures, and seeking alternative
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.00,0:03:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sources.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.00,0:03:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Conservation measures may include storage\Ntanks, recycling waste water for sanitation
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.00,0:03:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and irrigation if this is possible, and rationing\Nof water.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.00,0:03:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Choosing alternative water sources.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.00,0:03:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rain and deep closed wells are usually safe.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.00,0:03:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Surface water and shallow or open wells are\Nunlikely to be safe.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.00,0:03:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Criteria for choosing between \Nalternative water sources.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.00,0:03:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Speed with which it can be made operational;\Nhow fast can we set up this water source?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.00,0:04:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Potential yields of this water source, reliability\Nof supply, water purity, simplicity of technology
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.00,0:04:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and ease of maintenance as well as the appropriateness\Nof this technology to the affected communities,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.00,0:04:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,costs, rights and welfare of affected population.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.00,0:04:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Transportation: truck water should only be\Na strictly short-term, stop-gap emergency
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.00,0:04:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,measure to ensure immediate survival of the\Naffected population.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.00,0:04:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Quantity is preferable to quality, although\Nquality is also important.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.00,0:04:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Involve the community in finding solutions.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.00,0:04:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Involve the national and local water authorities,\Nequipment and infrastructure that are normally
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.00,0:05:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,responsible.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.00,0:05:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pay special attention to the needs of hospitals,\Nschools, health centers, and feeding centers
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.00,0:05:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as well as other important institutions.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.00,0:05:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Individuals need at least 15-30 liters per\Nperson per day.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.00,0:05:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The absolute minimum for survival is 3-5 liters\Nper day.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.00,0:05:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Health centers need 40-60 liters per patient\Nper day.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.00,0:05:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Feeding centers need 20-30 liters per person\Nper day.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.00,0:05:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Needs increase with air temperature and exertion.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.00,0:06:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Minimize work invested in "interim" solutions.\NTry and look for permanent solutions.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.00,0:06:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Provide safe water as close as possible to\Nhomes.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.00,0:06:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Minimize the risk of water contamination in\Ndistribution points, delivery, and households.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.00,0:06:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Provide safe storage at community and household\Nlevels.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.00,0:06:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mobilize appropriate technical expertise:\Nwater engineers to exploit available resources,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.00,0:06:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sanitarians to test and organize water treatment,\Nhydrogeologists to assess ground water potential,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.00,0:06:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hydrologists to assess surface water potential.