[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.00,0:00:02.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Oh dear… Just when you thought the Iraq\Nproblem was solved
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.33,0:00:04.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because you haven’t heard about it\Nfor a while,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.07,0:00:06.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everything’s back to murderous\Nchaos and terror.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.99,0:00:08.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What happened?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.84,0:00:12.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 2003, the US invaded Iraq because of\Nits alleged connections to terrorism
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.54,0:00:14.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and weapons of mass destruction.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.28,0:00:17.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the time, Saddam Hussein, a brutal\Ndictator, ruled the country.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.58,0:00:19.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was part of the Sunni minority
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.27,0:00:21.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and suppressed the Shia majority.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.71,0:00:23.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Iraq was conquered fairly quickly,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.33,0:00:25.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the US had no plan for the country.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.94,0:00:29.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The until-then suppressed Shia majority\Ntook over
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.36,0:00:31.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and began oppressing the Sunnis,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.14,0:00:34.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because suppressing other faiths has\Nproven to be such a good idea.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.31,0:00:38.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Unsurprisingly, a Sunni rebel\Nuprising began
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.05,0:00:40.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and terrorist groups, like al-Qaeda,\Ntrickled into Iraq
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.91,0:00:43.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and local forces, often former Sunni\Nmilitary, began
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.84,0:00:46.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fighting the US troops and the newly\Nformed Iraqi state,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.77,0:00:49.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,peaking in a bloody civil war in 2006.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.96,0:00:53.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Since then, people in Iraq have basically\Nbeen segregated by religion.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.100,0:00:58.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, in a tragic irony of history, the US\Ninvasion led to the formation of
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.03,0:01:01.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the very terrorists the US wanted to\Neliminate in the first place,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.29,0:01:04.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because Iraq was now the perfect training\Nground for terrorism.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.58,0:01:08.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To understand this complicated conflict\Nbetter, we need to understand
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.83,0:01:12.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the relationship between the two main\Nbranches of the Muslim faith:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.02,0:01:13.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Shia and Sunni Islam.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.27,0:01:18.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sunnis make up about 80% of the Muslim\Nworld and Shia about 20%.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.03,0:01:22.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the hard-liners on both sides don’t\Nlike each other very much.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.20,0:01:26.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Saudi Arabia and Iran are the two most\Npowerful players in the game of faiths.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.55,0:01:31.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They both have no separation of state and\Nreligion, domestic problems, and
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.47,0:01:32.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a lot of oil money.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.95,0:01:36.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they support groups that fight the\Nother religious orientation.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.16,0:01:40.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And one of those terror organizations\Nsupported by Saudi Arabia
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.32,0:01:43.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was the Islamic State in Iraq,\Nor ISI for short.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.54,0:01:46.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 2010, the Arab Spring happened
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.37,0:01:48.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and changed the whole situation\Nin the Middle East.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.01,0:01:52.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Syria, dictator Bashar al-Assad didn’t\Nthink much of resigning
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.70,0:01:55.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and started a gruesome civil war\Nagainst his own people.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.75,0:01:58.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The longer the war went on, the more\Nforeign groups joined the fight,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.100,0:02:00.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,most of them for religious reasons,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.68,0:02:03.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and with the goal of building an\NIslamic state in the region.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.85,0:02:06.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And one of them was the infamous ISI,\Nwhich now became
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.67,0:02:09.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria,\Nor ISIS.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.69,0:02:13.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They had fought in Iraq for years, and had
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.01,0:02:16.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thousands of well-trained and\Nfanatic soldiers.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.52,0:02:19.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They already quasi-controlled parts of\Nnorthern Iraq
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.04,0:02:22.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and were very determined to build\Ntheir religious state.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.46,0:02:25.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they changed the game in Syria like\Nno-one expected.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.08,0:02:29.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ISIS was so unbelievably violent and\Nradical that soon it was
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.60,0:02:32.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a war with almost every other faction of\Nthe Syrian rebel armies.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.93,0:02:35.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They attacked and killed member of other\NMuslim terrorist groups.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.98,0:02:38.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the territories they controlled, they\Nbuilt an Islamic state
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.94,0:02:43.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with rules so strict that even the\Nhard-liners of al-Qaeda and Saudi Arabia
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.36,0:02:45.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were shocked and withdrew their support.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.12,0:02:50.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ISIS has been accused of responsibility\Nfor multiple massacres against civilians,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.04,0:02:53.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,countless suicide bombings, the\Nhostage-taking of women and children,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.72,0:02:56.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the execution of their prisoners, and\Nbeheadings.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.48,0:03:00.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All kinds of medieval hororrs we would\Nrather not have to illustrate.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.43,0:03:03.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this lovely gathering of human beings\Nrecently decided it was time to
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.87,0:03:05.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,take more territory in Iraq.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.04,0:03:09.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Since the US left Iraq, the Shia prime\Nminister, Nouri al-Maliki,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.46,0:03:13.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has monopolized power and discriminated\Nagainst Sunnis wherever possible.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.73,0:03:17.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The government of Iraq is widely regarded\Nas being corrupt, incapable,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.64,0:03:20.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it’s cetainly hated by a large part\Nof its citizens.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.01,0:03:23.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Iraqi army, consisting of about\N300,000 soldiers,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.82,0:03:27.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was created using 25 billion US dollars in\Ntax money,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.12,0:03:29.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it’s not loyal to its government and
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.20,0:03:32.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has been withdrawing or completely\Ndisbanding, giving up city after city.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.51,0:03:36.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because ISIS has announced that everyone\Nwho opposes them will be killed,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.68,0:03:38.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they have proven they mean business.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.57,0:03:43.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By June 2014, they’d conquered a big\Nchunk of Iraq,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.44,0:03:46.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including Mosul, Iraq’s second-largest\Ncity.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.08,0:03:49.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They’d stolen hundreds of millions from\Ncaptured banks,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.33,0:03:51.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,making them the richest terror\Norganization on Earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.23,0:03:54.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they are constantly working on\Nestablishing
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.44,0:03:56.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a super-medieval religious state.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.94,0:04:00.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Iran and the US are even considering\Nworking together to fight them.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.86,0:04:02.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That’s how gruesome the situation is.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.34,0:04:06.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Events in Iraq show again that exploiting\Nthe people you’ve defeated in a war,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.82,0:04:10.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,denying them power, a living, and a stake\Nin the rebuilding of the country
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.03,0:04:13.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is just sowing the seeds of the next bout\Nof violence.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.98,0:04:16.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Somehow, we have to break this circle.