WEBVTT

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(Pre-recorded voice) In order
to get a job, convince a client,

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win over our partner,
in short, to persuade,

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the voice is a decisive factor.

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Well, I think this way of speaking
wouldn't have been credible

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or very convincing, right?

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And that's because I haven't correctly
combined the qualities of the voice.

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What a mess!

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Meaning, I haven't played
the right piano keys.

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The voice has a very powerful
influence in our day to day.

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Basically, because it's the vehicle
conveying the message.

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But what happens, since the problem arises
if we don't use it correctly,

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what can happen is what's happening here:
the goods don't get there.

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Meaning, in the end,
the message doesn't arrive.

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That's why it's important to know it,
that's why it's important to exercise it.

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And that's my goal today here.

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explaining how you need to manipulate it
in order to achieve your goal.

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That is, for the message 
to arrive, to persuade.

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And I'll give you some strategies
for being credible.

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So, let's start at the beginning.

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We'll get help
from our voice box over here.

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The voice has four qualities, which are:

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the intensity, the tone,
the timbre, and the duration.

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Let's start with the first,
which is the simplest: the intensity.

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What is intensity?

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Well, it's the volume of our voice.

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Meaning whether I speak more quietly
or whether I speak more loudly.

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It's simple to understand.

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On what does the intensity depend?

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Very simply, it depends 
on our breathing.

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Yes, I said that right,
it depends on our breathing.

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Breathing is the foundation of our voice.

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And intensity is nothing more
than the force

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with which we push air
towards the vocal cords.

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It's as simple as that.

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And who's responsible for pushing 
that air, for creating that force?

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Well, it's an organ we have 
here in the abdominal area,

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called the diaphragm.

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And what are you going to see in action
right now, in this short video?

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You are going to see,
this is an exhalation.

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And when we inhale, the lungs 
fill up and the diaphragm goes down.

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Afterwards, the diaphragm is responsible
for expelling that air out of the lungs.

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So that's what exerts
the force in the end.

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For you to understand that force,
or for you to feel that force,

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let's all do an exercise together.

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First, I'll explain it to you and then
we'll see if we can all do it.

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The idea is that we're going
to put our hands on the abdominal area,

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here, where the diaphragm is.

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And we are going to take a deep breath.

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Trying to carry the air
to the lower part of the lungs.

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Let's take a breath in a moment and
I'll count to three, we'll blow out.

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Just like that.

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Okay, are you ready?

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Let's do it. It's easy.

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Let's place our hands
on the abdominal area like this, everyone.

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We're going to take a breath in a moment.

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Good, pause. I count three...

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One, two, three.

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Well done! You did it perfectly,

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without practicing.

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That force that you've felt,
is the strength of the diaphragm

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towards the vocal cords.

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So, if that force is low, it's small,

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then we are going to lower
our intensity to down here.

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What we'll have as a result
is low intensity.

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(Pre-recorded voice, low intensity) 
The voice has a powerful influence.

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If we lift the circuit board
up and go to high intensity...

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(Pre-recorded voice, high intensity)
The voice has a powerful influence.

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There is a small difference, right?

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We've gone from 43 decibels to 79.

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Intensity is measured in decibels,
no more than the volume of the voice.

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With which there is
a perceptible difference.

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Here comes the question:

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If I want to appear credible,
what will I have to use?

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Low intensity, or high intensity?

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Well, if we think about the voice 
reflecting our personality,

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if we think about the voice 
reflecting our state of mind,

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and we think that, of course,
if I suddenly feel sad,

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very sad, I'm going to use low intensity.

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If I'm bored, too.

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And people who are introverted
use low intensity.

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So of course, if I want to seem credible,

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of course that won't be
the intensity that I have to use.

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I have to use an energetic intensity.
It has to sound loud and clear.

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I'm not saying shout.
I'm saying an energetic intensity,

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more or less this, what I'm doing now.

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Therefore, this would be the first tip:
energetic intensity.

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Let's go to the second of our qualities.

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The second quality is the tone.

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The tone of the voice
is difficult to manage,

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but it's simple to understand.

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Once the diaphragm pushes
the lungs, as you have seen,

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what it does is expel the air.

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Well, that air comes up here, to the neck.

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Inside the neck is the larynx,
and inside the larynx

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are the vocal cords,

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which vibrate to the passage of that air.

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Oh, my God! Those are vocal cords?

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If the image impresses you a little,

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I can swear to you that you all have
ones like these in your body,

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that vibrate like this.

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Alright.

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What does having a deeper tone
or a more high-pitched tone

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depend on?

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Easy to understand.

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I have two ropes here.

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If I move them with the same force,

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that is, with the same intensity,

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which one moves faster?

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This one, right?

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It moves faster because it is shorter

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and because it's thinner.

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So, what does you having an average tone
of voice or another depend?

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Well, it's simply the length and
thickness of your vocal cords.

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When they're shorter,
they will vibrate faster,

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so, you'll have a higher pitched tone.

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And for larger ones,

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men generally have a deeper tone,
they will speak more deeply.

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It's as simple as that.

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But of course, we don't speak 
in just one tone.

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This is our middle tone,
let's say it's the one we use

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in our day to day, most frequently.

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But of course, we use
a range of tones when we speak.

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There are differences between them.

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We'll see what happens
if I lower the tone.

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Let's see what it sounds like.

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(Pre-recorded voice, low tone)
The voice has a powerful influence.

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On the other hand, if I raise it up...

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(Pre-recorded voice, high tone)
The voice has a powerful influence.

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There is also a perceptible difference.

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We have gone from 100 to 190 Hz.

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It's simple to understand.

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It's simply that the vocal cords vibrate

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more slowly if it's deep,
or more quickly if it's high-pitched.

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So, what do you think?

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If we want to sound credible,
what kind of tone do we have to use?

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Low, or high-pitched?

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Well, all the studies we've done

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indicate that, in order to be perceived
as attractive and credible,

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we have to use, as you see in the graph,

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a low tone rather than
a high-pitched tone.

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And because of that, many professionals

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and many politicians
train their voice specifically

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to lower their voice, to use that 
lower tessitura of your voice.

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I've brought to you the case
of Margaret Thatcher,

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who trained her voice for a long time,
to achieve that goal.

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Margaret Thatcher: (high-pitched tone)
Oh, very much so. I've done a good deal,

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but speaking in the House of Commons is 
quite different. It's a unique experience.

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Margaret Thatcher: (low tone) I think 
we shall have to make up our minds

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about the Cabinet very quickly

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because, otherwise, the press
will discuss it all for me.

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Because of course, an Iron Lady 
talking like this--

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It wouldn't make much sense.

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And this is what she did,
trained her voice for this.

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Whenever we train the voice,
we must use an expert,

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because if we don't, we can damage 
the vocal cords.

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So, we have a range of tones,

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we have a piano, we have to 
play them in different ways.

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When we talk, we use
that combination of tones,

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and that combination of tones 
is what we know as intonation.

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Intonation is relatively
complicated to understand,

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but I'll give you two tips.

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The first is

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that you can't be monotonous
when you speak,

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because if you're monotonous,
then no one will listen to you.

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Basically.

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In order to try to modify that monotony,

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let's try to start the phrase 
in a high-pitched tone

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and end in a low tone.

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As you can hear in this example.

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(Pre-recorded voice, high-pitched to low 
tone) The voice has a powerful influence.

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Good. It's a way
of changing the tones.

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What we can never do
when we speak in public,

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when we have a presentation,

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is sing, because if I sing,

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I leave everything up,

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and that doesn't sound credible.

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It's simple to understand.

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And you'll see it in this example.

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(Pre-recorded voice, higher intonation)
The voice has a powerful influence.

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It's as if something is missing!
Why are you staying up there?

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We always have to lower
the message down, to be credible.

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(Pre-recorded voice, lower intonation)
The voice has a powerful influence.

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And here is where it is competent,

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it is credible, sounds sure, right?

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Let there be no doubt about this.

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So, always remember
not to be monotonous,

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let's try going up to the higher pitch 
at the beginning,

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going down to the low pitch at the end.

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And of course, the idea is not to sing.

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Well, when it comes to tone,

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what happens is
many people say,

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"Having a low tone, I'm already 
perceived as credible."

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And I'm not sure that's true.

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(Low pitch, closed timbre) 
It must have been making you sleepy.

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I believe that this
is not an attractive voice.

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But it is a voice in a low tone.

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And that's because Marge Simpson
lacks our third quality:

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timbre.

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The timbre of the voice
is very easy to understand.

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It is the combination of the sound
that comes out of the vocal cords,

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plus the one that comes out
from our sound box.

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What is this sound box?

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The face, for hearing
ourselves, this face we have.

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Having a bigger nose, 
a smaller mouth, etc.

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That, in the end, gives a specific
result in your voice.

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And that's why your voice is unique.
The sound of your voice is unique.

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It's like your fingerprint, in a way.

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So, if my voice is unique,
I'm not going to change my nose,

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so this is the way my voice is.

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And no, obviously not.

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Because if I modify
the resonance organs,

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meaning my lips,
my mouth, my tongue, etc.

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I'm going to get
a completely different sound.

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Let's focus on that. Let's do
a closed timbre, meaning

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that the speaker closes his mouth a lot.

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(Low pitch, closed timbre) 
The voice has a powerful influence.

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And we're just going to open it later.

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(Pre-recorded voice, open timbre)
The voice has a powerful influence.

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Only the width of the mouth
has been modified.

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And that already influences the sound.

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What do we need to have to be credible?

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Obviously, open our mouths enough,
so that our voice resonates well.

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So, what can we do?
Well, we can do some exercises.

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Let's see. First, let's
inflate the cheeks...

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Right.

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Left.

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Very good.

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Now, let's make another!
More fun, more optimistic.

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Let's make a big smile, pulling 
the corners of or mouths backwards.

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Let's smile.

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And let's close.

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You're very handsome.

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Just like that, perfect.

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We can also pull on 
the corners directly.

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Like this.

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And this is how we stretch.

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It's important to warm up these
facial muscles for speaking.

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They're the ones
that have to move in the end.

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So think about it.

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And the last and most complicated,
please do this at home, alone,

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so that no one sees you.

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I'm going to put four fingers
in my mouth.

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Yes, I'm sorry,
the fingers, in the mouth.

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Vertically, like this.

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And we are going count from 1 to 10.

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Count with me:

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One, two, three, four,

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five, six, seven,

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eight, nine, ten.

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Very good. Perfect.

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You're all lovely, really, but 
don't do it with anybody around.

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Do it at home.

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Try it before and after.

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You'll see, really, I promise,

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that, just before, the voice
is very muffled,

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very closed.

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And then suddenly,
you hear everything great.

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So, quite simply, do this 
before placing yourself

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in front of an audience,
making a presentation,

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or speaking publicly, in general.

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Perfect!

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Let's go with our last quality,

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which is the duration.

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Duration is not an acoustic quality,
but an expressive one.

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It's important that I speak
slowly or that I speak fast.

00:13:13.659 --> 00:13:15.559
And if not, let's test it.

00:13:15.608 --> 00:13:17.708
I'll lower the terminal
here to the slow one.

00:13:17.852 --> 00:13:20.772
(Pre-recorded voice, slow duration)
The voice has a powerful influence.

00:13:20.881 --> 00:13:22.501
And we'll raise it to the fast one.

00:13:22.576 --> 00:13:24.406
(Pre-recorded voice, fast duration)
The voice has a powerful influence.

00:13:24.439 --> 00:13:27.519
What do you think?
To be credible, what do we need?

00:13:27.677 --> 00:13:32.767
Well, we think that 
a person talks slowly

00:13:32.863 --> 00:13:34.403
when they're bored.

00:13:35.009 --> 00:13:37.859
On the other hand, if I'm 
super excited, I speak quickly.

00:13:38.052 --> 00:13:40.302
Okay, you get the idea.

00:13:40.931 --> 00:13:43.991
The studies we've done,
and many others worldwide,

00:13:44.047 --> 00:13:48.297
indicate that a person,
in order to be perceived as credible,

00:13:48.333 --> 00:13:51.023
has to use a speed 
tending toward fast.

00:13:51.130 --> 00:13:54.420
People who speak
a little faster than usual

00:13:54.534 --> 00:13:57.904
are perceived as more
intelligent, more dynamic,

00:13:57.967 --> 00:13:59.177
more extroverted.

00:13:59.282 --> 00:14:01.632
And note that I said a little
faster than usual.

00:14:01.767 --> 00:14:03.747
I didn't say very fast.
If you talk very fast,

00:14:03.816 --> 00:14:05.746
I don't understand you,
you make me nervous.

00:14:05.821 --> 00:14:08.601
I didn't say very fast.
I said tending to fast,

00:14:08.634 --> 00:14:11.594
or a little bit faster, 
which is what I am doing now.

00:14:11.682 --> 00:14:14.392
Maybe the best advice I can give you,

00:14:14.465 --> 00:14:18.165
in this context, is that you alter
your speed when you speak.

00:14:18.310 --> 00:14:21.320
The most important thing is said slowly.

00:14:21.359 --> 00:14:23.939
What is unimportant is said fast.

00:14:24.243 --> 00:14:29.423
That contrast is what makes listeners
pay more attention

00:14:29.526 --> 00:14:33.016
and also helps them understand.
So that is important.

00:14:33.136 --> 00:14:36.076
Okay, we now have our four qualities.

00:14:36.143 --> 00:14:39.393
Let's assume now, and this is 
an important point,

00:14:39.408 --> 00:14:42.038
because the voice is not just one,
as I've been saying,

00:14:42.046 --> 00:14:43.936
it's a set, it's a combination.

00:14:44.021 --> 00:14:48.571
Let's suppose that we
we would like to express joy.

00:14:49.041 --> 00:14:52.841
Actually, you see here that
we have the perfect combination.

00:14:52.965 --> 00:14:55.905
We have a high intensity,
we have a sharp tone,

00:14:55.976 --> 00:14:59.236
we have an open timbre,
meaning we smiled.

00:14:59.326 --> 00:15:03.346
The smile is very perceptible,
and a quick duration.

00:15:03.655 --> 00:15:05.945
And this would be the result.

00:15:06.197 --> 00:15:08.427
(Pre-recorded voice) The voice 
has a powerful influence.

00:15:08.588 --> 00:15:12.568
Let's suppose now, that 
we would like to express sadness,

00:15:12.627 --> 00:15:14.637
which is the complete opposite.

00:15:14.802 --> 00:15:19.182
In this case what we would do to begin 
with, would be to lower the intensity.

00:15:19.416 --> 00:15:21.456
We had to lower the tone to deep.

00:15:21.501 --> 00:15:22.941
We'd have to close our mouths.

00:15:23.044 --> 00:15:25.604
And moreover, 
we would have to talk slowly.

00:15:25.631 --> 00:15:27.031
And this would be the result.

00:15:27.051 --> 00:15:30.101
(Pre-recorded voice)
The voice has a powerful influence.

00:15:30.280 --> 00:15:33.720
You're already wondering,
this is the crux of the issue:

00:15:33.834 --> 00:15:35.954
What do I have to do to be credible?

00:15:35.969 --> 00:15:37.389
We have already seen it.

00:15:37.501 --> 00:15:40.621
We must have an energetic intensity,

00:15:40.645 --> 00:15:41.815
like we said.

00:15:41.867 --> 00:15:44.357
We must have a rather serious tone

00:15:44.383 --> 00:15:46.523
with modulated intonation.

00:15:46.673 --> 00:15:48.933
We need an open timbre,

00:15:49.016 --> 00:15:52.196
and also a speed tending toward fast.

00:15:52.344 --> 00:15:54.494
The result could be more or less this.

00:15:54.528 --> 00:15:57.048
(Pre-recorded voice)
The voice has a powerful influence.

00:15:57.128 --> 00:15:58.968
Once we've already established

00:15:59.002 --> 00:16:01.782
that we have the credibility combination,

00:16:01.921 --> 00:16:05.091
let's see if we can fix that
bad start we had

00:16:05.104 --> 00:16:06.504
in this presentation.

00:16:06.522 --> 00:16:09.962
(Pre-recorded voice) In order
to get a job, convince a client,

00:16:10.360 --> 00:16:14.060
win over our partner,
in short, to persuade,

00:16:14.100 --> 00:16:16.700
the voice is a decisive factor.

00:16:16.851 --> 00:16:18.991
I hope we've achieved it.

00:16:19.088 --> 00:16:23.718
The voice is the most important instrument
that you have for communicating.

00:16:23.882 --> 00:16:28.572
It's the one that has the most influence
on your being perceived as competent

00:16:28.659 --> 00:16:30.509
and credible.

00:16:30.604 --> 00:16:34.054
Today, I hope that you know
how to do that a little bit better.

00:16:34.217 --> 00:16:35.568
Thanks so much for your time.

00:16:35.568 --> 00:16:37.267
(Applause)