All right, welcome back to the largest

study on climbing falls. In the first

episode we looked how does extra slack

affect the fall, or more precisely does

falling more reduce the pendulum into

the wall and how hard the climber is

going to hit the wall, and then I showed

you the importance of soft catch and

what a massive difference that makes and

also that hard catches are not only the

problem for heavier belayers

lighter belayers often lack practice to

give soft catches since most of the time

they don't need they fly up anyway but

in exceptional cases with enough

friction... -My foot -What happened to your

foot -Well it was a hard fall - Heavey belayer?

-Llight belayer. Yeah yeah and I also

asked you guys I'm curious did you ever

got unexpectedly hard catch from a light

belayer? And turns out this happens more

often than I

thought. so yeah light or heavy you're

going to love this episode because we're

going to investigate which method of

giving soft catch is the best. We're

going to compare stepping forward versus

jumping up and as a bonus the tube slide

method where the belayer lets the rope

slide through the device which is more

common in trad

climbing so let's begin. Now in the

previous episode I showed you this

beautiful horizontal velocity graphs and

I explained that the peak of horizontal

velocity is at the bottom of the

pendulum and that is a good indicator

how hard the climber would meet the wall

if the wall would not be overhanging and

in this test I wanted to go a step

further and see what happens when the

climber meets the wall. - 1... 2... 3...

and my idea this time was to

measure deceleration during the impact

and in many of our test cases

this idea was working really well. If we

compare the soft catches to the hard one

you can see a huge spike in

deceleration. However after doing lots

and lots of more falls and analyzing the

data I realized that the peak

deceleration is not always a good metric

to look. for example take a look at this

hard catch you can visually see that it

was much harder for the climber but the

peak deceleration was nearly identical

to the soft catches before, so it turns

out our soft bodies are incredible at

absorbing

impacts but the problem is that it's

very difficult to measure what's

happening in our muscles during this

impact. So while peak deceleration was

interesting to look in some cases,

horizontal velocity at the moment of

impact was much better indicator. After

all, all of this velocity that we are

about to hit the wall will need to be

absorbed by our soft bodies. Okay so

let's see which method to give a soft

catch is the best. To not kill me on the

very first test we started with smaller

falls and jumping up technique. And these

falls were extremely nice and soft.

[Climber] - A soft ride! 
So let's see how stepping

forward will compare. 
[Climber] - 1... 2... 3...

- This is harder.
And the fall this time

felt a little bit harder and we can also

see that in the graphs. However overall

it was still a very soft catch.

And the second fall was very similar.

Also a quick note: I was not sure

how much stiffer the rope gets over

multiple falls, and even though in this

video I'm presenting you all the data

grouped by method, meaning at first I

show you all the soft catches with

jumping up method, then I show you all

the soft catches with stepping forward,

in reality we did alternate between the

methods between every fall. So we did a

jumping up and then stepping forward, etc.

Pointless information for most of

you, but I know that a lot of geeks are

watching my videos and we like to write

nitpicky comments, so this is for you

nitpicky geek. All right now let's see

how the tube slide method compares and

while I was expecting a lot from this

method, the first fall wasn't any better.

The second fall had a very low momentum

into the wall but a lot of vertical

momentum, which made me almost run across

the wall, which was slightly

uncomfortable. So we tried again and this

time the fall was much nicer and I know

that people like to try all the crazy

things they see on the internet so

that's why I have to stress that this

tube slide method is really advanced, so

if you don't know what you're doing, make

sure that you have an expert guiding you.

Now if we would compare all the best

attempts of all the methods, we can see

that the jumping up was slightly better

but overall all the method were very

similar. 
[Climber] - So all of these falls felt quite

soft except the one where he does

nothing, then I fell to the wall.

Yeah we actually forgot to film hard catches

where the belayer does nothing on this

test, but no worries this was just a

small warm-up.
And let's see some bigger falls.

So this time we started with a

tube slide method,

which at least in theory, 
lets the belayer achieve

any full arc.

And here is one more attempt

this time with even bigger arc or longer

braking distance, and the fall was just

tiny bit softer for the climber. For now

I'm just going to keep the softest

attempt in the charts and let's see how

does that compare to the jumping up

technique. And we can see that the first

fall was slightly smaller, however it had

nearly identical horizontal acceleration

and velocity. However it also had lower

absolute velocity, which is actually

better for the climber. Now the second

fall was slightly smaller
but had a tiny bit

more horizontal velocity towards the wall

and again let's keep the best

attempts of each method and see how does

that compare to the stepping forward technique.

And we can see that the fall

was smallest however it had the greatest

impact to the wall. Now on the second

attempt the belayer did a much better job

and the fall was significantly softer.

And if we compare all the best attempts

of all the methods, we can see that the

horizontal speed at the moment of impact

was nearly identical. Which means that at

least in this test case scenario,

a skilled belayer can achieve almost the

same results with any method. But since

consistency in catches also matters,

if we compare the worst attempts,
tube slide method

was the best, followed by jumping up,

and then the stepping forward was the worst.

However even the worst cases of

any of these methods were much much

better compared to the passive belay.

So the first arising takeaway was that no

matter which method you choose to give a

soft catch, it's going to be much better

than passively standing and doing

nothing.

And as always one test is no test, so I

wanted to repeat these tests in a

different location with another belayer.

Ricky who has also a lot of experience

using this tube slide method, and he told

me that it's actually 
his preferred method.

So, high expectations.

[Climber] - Two, three... 
- Okay

- Falling!

- Aw, that was super soft!

So we did three attempts, and all
of them had very similar

horizontal velocity. 
Nice, for consistency.

Next we tested the stepping

forward method and we can see that the

fall was much shorter and had a much

greater swing into the wall. It seemed

that the belayer was pulled towards the

wall way too much, and did not have enough

control to make the fall smooth.

[Music]

All right next the jumping up method,

where Ricky actually did a very bad job

on the first attempt.

And the same happened on the

second attempt where his jump was very

minimal only initiated a little bit from

his right calf. So that's not how you

jump and that's why I decided to ignore

these two attempts for the poor technique,

and after he adjusted his technique
on the third jump,

he jumped with both legs
and it was much much better.

And finally we did one passive

catch where the belayer does nothing and

same as before, it causes significantly

higher swing into the wall. So at least

in this test case scenario, tube slide

was the best, followed by jumping up, and

stepping forward was again the worst.

[Belayer] - So stepping forward versus uh

jumping up 
[Climber] - Yes stepping forward was not

in a controlled way I was just pulled to

the wall. I tried to lean

backwards to break to catch the fall

but it was not in a controlled way, and

jumping up I can choose how much I want

to jump and at what timing.

So overall which method is the 
best will heavily

depend on your experience using this

methods, however stepping forward seemed

to be the worst and gave the least

control, and also worth mentioning is

that standing too far in many situations

can drag the belayer into the wall

completely uncontrollably.

And that would make the catch even harder.

All right but what if the belayer

is significantly heavier. In that case if

you try the jumping method there is not

much pull up by the rope and jumping is

much more difficult. So maybe stepping

forward is better in this case. To test

that Kishu suggested to introduce extra

friction which basically makes the

belayer heavier.

[Climber] - Can we try like this?
[Belayer] - He wants to kill me!

So that's what we got: a little

zigzag in the beginning and then a

straight line all the way to the climber

so the rope actually is not going over

the edge it's just very sharp angled.

- He says you have to fall!

- One, two, three

The swing into the wall is...
...okayish.

So we started with jumping

method which felt slightly harder with

increased friction but still 
plenty soft enough.

Just take a look at this belayer

running up the wall and even avoiding

his arm being squished into the first

quick draw. So let's see if

with increased friction stepping forward

will be better. This time he was not

pulled into the wall uncontrollably

anymore. It also looks like he got the

perfect timing and even started running

forward just before the impact, however

the swing into the wall for the climber

was still harder compared to the jumping

method. Okay next we did a series of tube

slide catches. The first felt very nice

and soft. Now the second fall had even

softer impact with the wall however I

still had a lot of momentum downwards

which forced me almost to run down the wall

which is a little bit awkward.

And the last fall had a very

similar effect

And if we look into the best cases for

each method we can see that jumping up

and tube slide were very very similar,

and the stepping forward was slightly

worse. And this bar chart plots all the

falls so we can see that on average, tube

slide method performed the best, followed

by jumping up, and then stepping forward

was the worst. Now from pure feeling

standpoint for me as a climber, both

jumping up and tube slide methods felt

very nice and soft. Maybe if I would be

nitpicking this extra momentum downwards

sometimes on the tube slide method was

slightly uncomfortable although in

theory the belayer should be able to give

almost any kind of catch with this

method and the stepping forward method

was maybe slightly harder, had slightly

bigger impact to the wall however it was

still plenty soft enough. And what is not

soft enough is passive belays. So once

again, no matter which soft catch method

we tried it was significantly better

than passive belay. And with added friction

the belayer wasn't even lifted off the

ground this time. Previously when we had

no friction, passive belay looked like

this: the belayer was still pulled up but

now with extra friction, that is not the

case anymore and you can see how the

climber is being pulled up and into the

wall even harder.

[Climber] - Okay that was...

... that was the way it was.

So yeah don't forget to subscribe, I might need

advertisement money to fix my broken

body at old age. 
[Climber] - So what's your favorite method?

[Belayer] - Yeah jumping up, yes

Okay so we were leaning towards

jumping as our favorite method, but

what if the belayer is really really

heavy, or there is so much friction in

the system that the rope almost doesn't

pull the belayer up? In that case, you can

jump I don't know what 30 40 cm maybe 50

if you're a crazy athlete... but is that

enough for the soft catch? And this

brings us to this experiment: here we did

a series of falls, alternating between

stepping forward and jumping up and we

measured the forces to the climber.

And same as before, jumping up was

consistently better than stepping forward,

and doing nothing was

significantly worse. And then we decided

to introduce this zigzag in the route, and

although it doesn't look like much,

it actually added a ton of friction,

basically imitating a very heavy belayer.

[Belayer] - Wow! I couldn't jump at all!

And, as I was expecting,
jumping up was not working

at all in this case, so let's see if

stepping forward is going to be better.

[Climber] - Wow that was solid!

[Climber] - 2.5, oh sh*t! 
And it actually was even worse.

[Belayer] - Man I cannot give you 
a soft catch this way!

So yeah no matter how much I tried

to jump, I was not able to give a

truly soft catch, and stepping forward

was even worse.

[Belayer] - It's impossible to give
a soft catch like this!

To time well the stepping forward

on such a short fall

is nearly impossible.

Now while ,it seemed that heavy
belayers are doomed, on

this next experiment I actually

discovered something that helps.

This time I was belaying a light girl, and as

before, I was also struggling to give a

soft catch. The jumping 
simply did not work.

And neither did the stepping

forward method.

But then I discovered something.

[Climber] - Better, better.
This one was soft!

It's soft!

So yeah, turns out that bending the knees
will give you more

range of movement and in this test case

scenario it made a huge difference.

[Climber] - If the fall was Wyuuuuuuuuu

Just super soft, and the others was Bump!

- Like Bum? 
- Yeah yeah yeah!

- So it's Bum versus Yuuuuuuu.
- And we prefer Yuuu.

- You prefer Woooo.
- Yeah!

And although I already

mentioned this in the first episode, but

it's really important to stress that

simply throwing a lot of slack does not

mean a soft catch.

okay this [ __ ] and in a case of a

passive Bay can end up very badly and

the only reason she was fine in this

case was because she was falling

straight down under the Quick Draw so

all she felt was just a jerk to the

harness in a different situation with a

little bit of swing that kind of catch

with would probably break her ankles so

instead of feeding a ton of slack for

your climber maybe you should feed your

climber and as we saw If the fall is

small bending the knees before the fall

might help now in case of a big whipper

the fall naturally is much bigger so you

will have more time to go down and

explode up and from B mechanical

standpoint since our muscles act as

Springs going down and jumping up should

result into a higher jump now if that

doesn't help I would suggest more food

cycles and if that's not an option then

I've seen a method used by a very heavy

Blair which worked very well for him

where he took a little bit of slack with

his lead hand and during the impact he

used his lead hand to soften the

catch it is extremely important to not

have too much slack here or you will

burn your hand so be smart and use this

at your own risk this is sketchy but

I've seen it working really well or

alternatively go old school and learn

how to use tube style BL then it doesn't

matter what's the weight of the climber

you can always make a soft catch but of

course that comes with its own risks of

not having assisted blade device but for

majority of you jumping up is going to

be the best and if for whatever reason

you find yourself away from the wall

then just do stepping forward as we saw

whatever soft catch method is much

better than passive delay now I

understand that this video was full of

charts and graphs and chances are if

you're still watching you're a little

bit nerdy however I'm going to make a

separate video for my blay Master Class

where I will go more on practical

details including those sketchy low to

the ground situations and also during

these two years we have measured forces

on hundred of Falls so we have a lot of

data but as I explained in previous

episodes Peak Force to the climber might

not be the most important factor for

sport

climbers however that might be much more

important for TR climbers keep a good

eye [ __ ] so I guess this deserves an

episode for trout climbers as well and

all of these people and supporters

deserve a huge thank you none of this

project would been possible without all

of you and you deserve some

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