[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The world is awash\Nwith divisive arguments,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,conflict, fake news,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,victimhood,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,exploitation, prejudice,\Nbigotry, blame, shouting,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and minuscule attention spans.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It can sometimes seem
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we are doomed to take sides,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,be stuck in echo chambers,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and never agree again.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It can sometimes seem\Nlike a race to the bottom,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where everyone is calling out\Nsomebody else's privilege
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and vying to show that they
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are the most hard-done-by person\Nin the conversation.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How can we make sense
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a world that doesn't?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have a tool for understanding\Nthis confusing world of ours,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a tool that you might not expect:
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,abstract mathematics.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am a pure mathematician.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Traditionally, pure maths\Nis like the theory of maths,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where applied maths is applied\Nto real problems like building bridges
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and flying planes
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and controlling traffic flow.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I'm going to talk about a way\Nthat pure maths applies directly
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to our a daily lives as a way of thinking.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't solve quadratic equations\Nto help me with my daily life,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I do use mathematical thinking\Nto help me understand arguments
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to empathize with other people.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so pure maths helps me\Nwith the entire human world.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But before I talk about\Nthe entire human world,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I need to talk about something\Nthat you might think of
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as irrelevant schools maths:
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,factors of numbers.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're going to start by thinking\Nabout the factors of 30.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, if this makes you shudder\Nwith bad memories of school maths lessons,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I sympathize,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I found school\Nmaths lessons boring too.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I'm pretty sure we are going\Nto take this in a direction
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is very different\Nfrom what happened at school.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what are the factors of 30?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe you can remember them.\NWe'll work them out.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's one, two, three,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,five, six,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,10, 15, and 30.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not very interesting.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a bunch of numbers\Nin a straight line.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can make it more interesting\Nby thinking about which of these numbers
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are also factors of each other\Nand drawing a picture,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a bit like a family tree
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to show those relationships.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So 30 is going to be at the top\Nlike a kind of great grandparent.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Six, 10, and 15 go into 30.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Five goes into 10 and 15.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two goes in six and 10.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Three goes into six and 15.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And one goes into two, three, and five.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So now we see that 10\Nis not divisible by three,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but that is this the corners of a cube,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is I think a bit more interesting
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than a bunch of numbers\Nin a straight line.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can see something more here.\NThere's a hierarchy going on.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the bottom level is the number one,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then there's the numbers\Ntwo, three, and five,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and nothing goes into those\Nexcept one and themselves.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You might remember\Nthis means they're prime.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the next level up,\Nwe have six, 10, and 15,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and each of those is a product\Nof two prime factors.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So six is two times three,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,10 is two times five,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,15 is three times five,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then at the top, we have 30,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is a product of three prime numbers,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,two times three times five.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I could redraw this diagram\Nusing those numbers instead.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we see that we've got\Ntwo, three, and five at the top,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have pairs of numbers\Nat the next level,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we have single elements\Nat the next level,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then the empty set at the bottom.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And each of those arrows shows\Nlosing one of your numbers in the set.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now maybe it can be clear
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it doesn't really matter\Nwhat those numbers are.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact it doesn't matter what they are.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we could replace them with\Nsomething like A, B, and C instead
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we get the same picture.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So now this has become very abstract.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The numbers have turned into letters.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there is a point to this abstraction,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is that it now suddenly\Nbecomes very widely applicable,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because A, B, and C could be anything.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, they could be\Nthree types of privilege:
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rich, white, and male.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So then at the next level,\Nwe have rich white people.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here we have rich male people.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here we have white male people.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then we have rich, white, and male.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And finally people with\Nnone of those types of privilege.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I'm going to put back in\Nthe rest of the adjectives for emphasis.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So here we have rich white\Nnon-male people,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to remind us that there are\Nnon-binary people we need to include.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here we have rich non-white male people.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here we have non-rich white male people,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rich non-white non-male,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,non-rich white non-male,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and non-rich, non-white male,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, and at the bottom\Nwith the least privilege,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,non-rich, not-white, non-male people.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have gone from a diagram\Nof factors of 30
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to a diagram of interaction\Nof different types of privilege,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there are many things\Nwe can learn from this diagram, I think.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first is that each arrow represents\Na direct loss of one type of privilege.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sometimes people mistakenly think\Nthat white privilege means
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all white people are better off\Nthan all non-white people.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some people point at superrich\Nblack sports stars and say,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"See? They're really rich.\NWhite privilege doesn't exist."
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that's not what the theory\Nof white privilege says.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It says that if that superrich sports star\Nhad all the same characteristics
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they were also white,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we would expect them\Nto be better off in society.