[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.02,0:00:26.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Freeze" is an English word
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.25,0:00:30.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that means: stay still, don't move.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.44,0:00:34.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This word is dear to me,\Nbecause it is linked to awakening.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.04,0:00:37.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, I want to speak of awakening\Nas something necessary
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.64,0:00:41.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to shake our inertia, our inaction away.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.44,0:00:44.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it is important to move right now
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.52,0:00:49.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because an unexpected,\Nrisky future awaits us.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.80,0:00:51.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Movement is fundamental
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.32,0:00:56.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to reconsider these risks\Nin a positive way.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.52,0:00:59.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sure, I talk about it\Nfrom my point of view.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.67,0:01:01.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As an architect, I have to understand
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.92,0:01:05.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what my role is within this change,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.56,0:01:06.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how I can intervene,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.92,0:01:10.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and above all the importance\Nof architects and architecture
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.12,0:01:11.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,within this context.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.55,0:01:15.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The context we are talking about\Nis climate change.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.88,0:01:17.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A change that entails,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.44,0:01:21.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not just a new, different scenario,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.40,0:01:24.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but rather an ever changing one,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.64,0:01:26.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,second by second,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.56,0:01:29.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over the next hundreds,\Nmaybe thousands of years.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.53,0:01:31.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What about architecture?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.92,0:01:34.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every time I talk about this topic,\Nthe question becomes,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.60,0:01:36.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, this is a political issue
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.84,0:01:39.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's up to decision makers,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.44,0:01:41.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,probably corporate CEOs,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.45,0:01:43.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,industrial policies and the economy.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.56,0:01:47.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As you can see on this graph,\Nthe reality is not exactly like that.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.24,0:01:49.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Architects play a fundamental role.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.20,0:01:50.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we talk about CO2,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.72,0:01:54.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we see that probably, indeed certainly,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.60,0:01:59.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CO2 emissions are largely\Ncaused by buildings.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.52,0:02:01.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we also consider the transport system
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.72,0:02:04.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and combine the two together,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.28,0:02:08.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,considering how the city shape\Naffects the transport system,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.08,0:02:14.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we will see that the city itself\Nis the main cause of CO2 emissions.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.08,0:02:17.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The role of the architect\Nis therefore important, if not pivotal.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.72,0:02:19.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, we also know
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.16,0:02:21.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what ingredients are needed
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.50,0:02:23.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to meet this need.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.12,0:02:26.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Research helps us
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.12,0:02:29.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we know that these cities\Nare more resilient,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.64,0:02:32.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they can adapt to this change more easily,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.56,0:02:36.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this change comes\Nwith extreme climate changes.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.12,0:02:39.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So cities need to adapt\Nto these extreme climate changes.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.76,0:02:42.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The second aspect is compactness.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.60,0:02:48.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have to expect increasingly\Ndense and compact cities
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.56,0:02:52.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the availability of resources\Nis increasingly limited;
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.39,0:02:53.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's up to the productive land.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.91,0:02:55.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The larger the size of the city,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.68,0:02:58.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the greater the availability\Nof productive land.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.10,0:03:01.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This leads me to conclude,\Naware as I am of the population growth,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.94,0:03:03.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if we don't want to get
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.52,0:03:08.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to what the Portsmouth research centre\Ncalls the "impossible equation",
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.08,0:03:10.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we will have to consider a new element,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.36,0:03:13.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is the key element\Nfor awakening, and it's creativity.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.52,0:03:16.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's why we talk about radical Concept,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.12,0:03:17.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we talk about vision,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.48,0:03:20.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the ability to see the world\Nwith different eyes.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.56,0:03:23.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This doesn't actually mean\Nwe just talk about the future
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.18,0:03:26.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and no longer have to look at the past.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.52,0:03:29.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Before the industrial revolution,\Nwe are aware of that,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.36,0:03:32.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some of these models\Nhad already been applied.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.47,0:03:35.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Venice is clearly a radical city,\Na visionary city,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.48,0:03:37.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we could also look to other models
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.58,0:03:40.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as Shibam, in Yemen,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.28,0:03:42.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a city that on every profile
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.16,0:03:48.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,meets our climate needs\Nin the desert area.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.52,0:03:54.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An ultra-compact city\Nthat withstands the hot desert winds.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.92,0:03:58.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It has this white upper surface\Nwith high albedo
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.84,0:04:02.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that allows a drastic reduction\Nin the Heat Island Effect,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.52,0:04:04.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,something that is often talked about
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.31,0:04:07.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as if it was a problem\Nancestors weren't aware of.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.88,0:04:10.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.24,0:04:13.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even this idea of being visionary\Nis not new per se.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.78,0:04:15.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We know there was a historical period
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.60,0:04:17.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when vision has been decisive,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.66,0:04:18.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it has been decisive
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.96,0:04:22.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,precisely for that kind of ability\Nto see the world in a radical way
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.92,0:04:26.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that came from the world\Nof architecture, or art.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.32,0:04:28.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm referring to the Renaissance.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.16,0:04:32.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What does the Renaissance have to do\Nwith today's climate crisis?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.08,0:04:34.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because the crisis of the 14th century
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.28,0:04:37.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had characteristics\Nthat closely match the current one:
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.40,0:04:40.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a reduction in resources,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.52,0:04:45.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a population that was no longer able\Nto access these resources,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.72,0:04:47.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,climate change in the opposite direction,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.92,0:04:49.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,i.e. a mini ice age.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.93,0:04:51.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And last but not least,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.44,0:04:55.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the problem related to the fact\Nthat a disease, the black death,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.68,0:04:58.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was somehow the reason
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.54,0:05:01.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why society as a whole
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.28,0:05:04.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,took a different shape,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.20,0:05:08.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,somehow upholstering\Neconomies and societies.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.79,0:05:12.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is important because, obviously,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.23,0:05:15.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the reference to the first two factors\Nis quite immediate,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.40,0:05:18.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the reference to health\Nis just as important,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.64,0:05:19.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while not self-evident.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.74,0:05:23.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We know that climate change\Nwill be a major cause of disease
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.88,0:05:25.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the next twenty years.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.25,0:05:27.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People like Leonardo, a visionary,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.36,0:05:29.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people who are able to see the world
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.56,0:05:31.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with new, different eyes,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.24,0:05:33.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without the mental frames\Nthat affected us all,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.48,0:05:35.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is fundamental.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.97,0:05:37.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How can we nurture today
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.66,0:05:42.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a creative ability\Nthat leads us to awaken?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.76,0:05:44.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have my personal idea.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.48,0:05:47.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It comes from the fact,\NI am also an educator.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.31,0:05:49.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This can be done through education,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.64,0:05:53.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thanks to the fact\Nthat young people and students
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.40,0:05:56.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are not conditioned like us dinosaurs
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.36,0:05:57.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by a worldview
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.80,0:06:01.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is somehow determined\Nby the last centuries of history.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.64,0:06:05.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So our job is precisely\Nto try and ignite in them
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.52,0:06:09.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the ability to be creative, inventive,\Neven radical and extreme.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.52,0:06:11.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here we see a series of works
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.60,0:06:16.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,done by students and collaborators\Nof my Media Hub research centre
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.66,0:06:21.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who are, as well as students,\Nalso real researchers.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.76,0:06:25.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is Liam Stumbles in this example.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.78,0:06:30.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He figured out a city\Nthat is revolutionised
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.24,0:06:33.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the idea of eliminating\Ncar traffic altogether,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.80,0:06:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and reusing the stuff\Nour highways are made of
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.00,0:06:38.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to rebuild a new urban fabric.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.92,0:06:42.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here we see the example\Nof the city of Auckland
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.24,0:06:44.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the consequences for this city:
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.52,0:06:47.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,spaces originally intended for motorways
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.68,0:06:49.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,become parks and structures
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.64,0:06:54.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can be used\Nby the whole city population.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.24,0:06:59.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We see that the system\Ntries to take advantage
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.88,0:07:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of state-of-the-art technologies,\Nsuch as the use of drones,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.00,0:07:06.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the so-called swarm behavior,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.49,0:07:08.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the ability of drones to move in swarms.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.64,0:07:11.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we see that the possibility
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.64,0:07:13.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of changing the performance of the city
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.91,0:07:16.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gets critical in this line of thought.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.11,0:07:23.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another example is to use botany\Nas an unrban revolution tool;
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.40,0:07:27.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the ecological systems that arise\Nfrom plants' genetic modification.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.77,0:07:32.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or to draw a city,\Nas in the case of Naim Mukif,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.24,0:07:35.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,assuming that the city must be drawn
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.13,0:07:36.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not only on human flows,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.40,0:07:39.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on those that are the movements\Nof people and their needs,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.48,0:07:41.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also on that of bees -
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.04,0:07:44.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just today it has been declared
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.08,0:07:46.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that bees are the planet's\Nmost important animals.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.11,0:07:51.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or we can use cellular stuff of this type,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.84,0:07:55.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can understand how it expands,\Nand infer from that
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.04,0:08:01.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what the rearrangement tendencies\Nof these organisms are.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.84,0:08:03.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we can also understand,\Nat the same time,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.98,0:08:08.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how we can directly use this material\Nas a building material.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.60,0:08:12.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this case we use it as a brise soleil,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.60,0:08:15.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a possibility to make\Nthe windows more opaque,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.72,0:08:16.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by controlling the development.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.60,0:08:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or an extreme like this,\Ndesigned by Joyce Kwan,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.00,0:08:23.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is the transformation of cities\Nin a totally organic solution.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.00,0:08:28.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here we see a project\Nby Michael Brewster and Bevin Liang,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.75,0:08:30.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,focused on the chance
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.04,0:08:32.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of including automation\Nand robotics in the city.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.48,0:08:36.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This technology allows the city\Nto be resilient,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.04,0:08:37.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,meaning that the ability to adapt
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.89,0:08:43.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,precisely depends on the city's\Nrobotic equipment.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.83,0:08:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not just about\Nspeculative elaborations,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.00,0:08:52.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's also about making responsive models,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.28,0:08:54.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as in this case, using an Arduino,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.36,0:08:57.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to these project hypotheses,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.09,0:09:02.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the last city in this series\Nthat I'd like to show you,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.78,0:09:05.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is a city in Antarctica\Nwith extreme conditions.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.76,0:09:07.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we are talking about here
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.92,0:09:11.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the possibility of using
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.08,0:09:16.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our planet's extreme climate conditions
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.12,0:09:17.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as resources,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.28,0:09:20.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,obviously limiting our carbon footprint.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.92,0:09:22.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, these extreme areas
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.32,0:09:24.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,generate usable resources.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.16,0:09:28.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here we see examples
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.20,0:09:31.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of this city system, station system
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.08,0:09:34.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are a form\Nof colonisation of Antarctica.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.08,0:09:35.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We see that, in some way,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.47,0:09:39.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this system is very similar\Nto that of oil platforms
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.02,0:09:41.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but its goal is completely different:
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.08,0:09:43.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,harness marine movements, for example,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.12,0:09:48.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and recreate a habitat
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.56,0:09:54.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that promotes a good relationship\Nbetween humans and animals.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.44,0:09:59.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here we see how a relationship\Nis somehow created with the oceanic fauna.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.69,0:10:07.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now the typical question,\Nwhen I talk about these things, is:
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.64,0:10:09.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's the cost for transition?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.44,0:10:12.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The question is not a random one,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.36,0:10:15.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it is seemingly a rhetorical one.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.56,0:10:19.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many people say, a change\Nwould cost a hell of a lot.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.72,0:10:23.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After all, our society\Nis based on fossil fuels,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.92,0:10:29.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and maintaining the status quo,\Nin many people's opinion,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.60,0:10:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is certainly a cheaper strategy.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.50,0:10:37.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The answer is no.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.04,0:10:43.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By "No", I mean that transition\Nis cheaper than the status quo.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.36,0:10:45.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We do not have time to elaborate here,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.80,0:10:49.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but a few images are enough\Nto understand why that's not the case.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.08,0:10:52.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here is a state-of-the-art oil platform
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.44,0:10:54.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that digs, sucks
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.40,0:10:56.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the last drops of blood from our planet,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.72,0:10:58.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the depths of the ocean
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.27,0:11:01.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with irreversible damage to biodiversity.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.88,0:11:08.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The second objection\Nis about the cities I showed you.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.51,0:11:12.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you asked, I am convinced\Nmore than half of you
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.84,0:11:15.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would hold the point,\Nthese are dystopian visions,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.38,0:11:21.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and many among you\Nhave already said to your neighbour:
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.60,0:11:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Oh yes, interesting, maybe - hopefully -\Nbut I'd never want to live there".
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.76,0:11:28.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is interesting,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.34,0:11:32.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it is probably correct to say\N"I would never want to live there".
Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.12,0:11:36.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what is dystopia,\Nif not also a condition
Dialogue: 0,0:11:36.80,0:11:40.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of unfamiliarity with a certain condition.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.96,0:11:46.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because our natural condition is this:
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.04,0:11:48.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we don't live in country houses\Nwith a backyard.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.60,0:11:50.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We live in this conditions.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.16,0:11:54.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,80% of the world's population\Nalready lives like this today,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.71,0:11:57.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and probably much more so in future.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:57.48,0:12:00.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Either the left or the right one, 50 / 50.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.08,0:12:03.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Are we sure that this condition\Nis not a dystopian condition,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:03.60,0:12:06.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or it just so happens,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.40,0:12:10.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our feeling of comfort\Nwith the environment we live in
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.05,0:12:13.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is only related to familiarity\Nwith this environment?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.80,0:12:18.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a question\NI'd rather not to answer.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:19.76,0:12:21.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You probably already understood
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.24,0:12:24.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that those cities I took as examples
Dialogue: 0,0:12:24.60,0:12:29.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,try to say one very precise thing,\Nthat is, to stimulate this discussion.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.64,0:12:33.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It would come handy for me\Nto show you much more reassuring models.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:35.88,0:12:39.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'd wrap up saying that awakening,\Nin my point of view,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.96,0:12:43.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,asks to see the world\Nfrom a completely different perspective.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.48,0:12:45.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was lucky in my life:
Dialogue: 0,0:12:45.18,0:12:48.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for work and research,\NI was able to move to New Zealand
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.77,0:12:53.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this allowed me\Nto actually see the world
Dialogue: 0,0:12:53.20,0:12:56.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from as far as possible from my country,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:56.68,0:12:59.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and from the most\Ndifferent perspective also.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.12,0:13:01.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From the South Pacific,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:01.52,0:13:05.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in particular from a fauna,\Nfrom an environmental context
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.12,0:13:06.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's so different from ours,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.52,0:13:11.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even if it is said that 2.000 years ago,\Neven before the Roman Empire,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:11.68,0:13:14.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,New Zealand looked very much like Italy.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:16.44,0:13:19.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What particularly strikes me\Nabout New Zealand
Dialogue: 0,0:13:19.28,0:13:24.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the biodiversity\Nand the characteristics of the fauna.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:24.75,0:13:26.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,New Zealand, mind you,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:26.28,0:13:30.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a place where humans, Maori,\Ndidn't get until 1200-1300,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.12,0:13:34.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in 1700 we Westerners\Ncame to colonise it.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:34.84,0:13:37.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So a natural habitat thrived
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.60,0:13:39.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's extremely different\Nfrom our usual one.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:40.36,0:13:42.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The kakapo, in my opinion,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.20,0:13:45.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is an animal that somewhat\Nrepresents this condition.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:45.24,0:13:49.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Kakapos don't fly,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:49.60,0:13:52.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,despite being large parrots.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:52.16,0:13:53.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When it has to reproduce
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.52,0:13:58.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it chooses one of the dozens of volcanoes\Nthat are found for example in Auckland -
Dialogue: 0,0:13:58.04,0:14:00.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hundreds, maybe thousands\Nare all across New Zealand,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.72,0:14:02.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and goes to the top of this hill.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:02.68,0:14:05.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once at the top of this hill,\Nit starts screaming.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:05.55,0:14:09.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is his way of attracting his partner,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:09.64,0:14:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who in turn climbs this hill to mate.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:14.00,0:14:17.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I always think about this condition
Dialogue: 0,0:14:17.16,0:14:19.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I come from Tuscany,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:19.16,0:14:23.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I imagine a wild boar\Nclimbing up a hill and screaming.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:24.67,0:14:26.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know how long it would take
Dialogue: 0,0:14:26.44,0:14:31.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before a hunter goes and takes the dinner,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:31.04,0:14:33.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hinted at by this signal.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:35.32,0:14:37.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another very interesting aspect
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.28,0:14:41.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that at a certain point in his life\Nthe kakapo met humanity,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:41.60,0:14:43.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what the kakapo did,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:43.68,0:14:45.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when he met man for the first time,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:45.88,0:14:51.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was freezing: he stopped, he got stuck,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:51.12,0:14:54.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hoping that the hunter\Nwould not detect him,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:54.48,0:15:00.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hoping to trick him into thinking\Nthe kakapo was actually a tree or a stone.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:00.76,0:15:03.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just imagine how successful\Nthis strategy turned out to be,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:03.85,0:15:08.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the risks of extinction\Nthe kakapo still faces today.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:09.65,0:15:15.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's my bottom line:\Nbasically, we are the kakapo today,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:17.35,0:15:21.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I hope that's a consideration\Nthat you will share with me.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:23.63,0:15:27.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)