[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.44,0:00:13.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is Kirk.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.34,0:00:17.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He suffered from depression\Nfor five years.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.35,0:00:19.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He tried antidepressants, talking therapy,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.58,0:00:21.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and nothing helped.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.51,0:00:25.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In May 2015, in Imperial College,\Nhe was given psilocybin,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.72,0:00:27.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also known as magic mushrooms.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.99,0:00:31.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And since that time\Nhe's been depression free.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.60,0:00:34.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is Ben.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.18,0:00:36.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He suffered from depression for 30 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.81,0:00:40.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in that time he tried everything:\NCBT, group therapy,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.60,0:00:43.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a list of medications\Nprescribed to him by his doctor,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.43,0:00:45.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and nothing helped.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.19,0:00:48.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In June 2015, he was given psilocybin,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.61,0:00:51.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and since that time\Nhe has been depression free.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.96,0:00:54.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not only had the symptoms\Nof his depression gone,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.75,0:00:55.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but in the last year,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.94,0:00:58.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he has done an acting course,\Na printing course,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.77,0:01:01.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he's flown on a plane\Nfor the first time in a decade,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.51,0:01:04.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and his career and social life\Nare flourishing.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.52,0:01:05.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can't show you his face
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.88,0:01:08.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because magic mushrooms\Nare an illegal psychedelic drug,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.86,0:01:11.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he's asked to remain anonymous.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.37,0:01:14.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Magic mushrooms -
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.29,0:01:17.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you might think of the '60s, dropping out,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.60,0:01:20.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,jumping out of windows\Nthinking you can fly.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.06,0:01:22.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You might think of going crazy,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.99,0:01:28.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,quite the opposite of what magic\Nmushrooms did to Ben and to Kirk.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.04,0:01:33.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And despite its bad reputation,\Nwe need to ask the question:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.41,0:01:37.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What does this mushroom\Nknow that we don't?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.27,0:01:40.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What does it do that we can't?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.67,0:01:44.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm a clinical psychologist\Nat the psychedelic research group
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.55,0:01:45.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at Imperial.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.69,0:01:48.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a vibrant group\Nof scientists and clinicians
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.60,0:01:52.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,asking these very unconventional questions\Nin a most conventional way.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.33,0:01:57.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is led by Robin Carhart-Harris -\Nhe's a pioneering neuroscientist,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.71,0:01:59.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and also overseen by David Nutt,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.59,0:02:02.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who is a world-renowned\Npsychopharmacologist.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.12,0:02:05.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And together they cut through\Nribbons and ribbons of red tape
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.25,0:02:09.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that we could do the first\Npsilocybin for depression study last year.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.60,0:02:13.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in this study, 20 individuals\Nwith treatment-resistant depression,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.67,0:02:17.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were given a high dose of psilocybin\Nin a therapeutic setting.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.33,0:02:21.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, the numbers of may seem small,\Nbut the results were remarkable.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.76,0:02:24.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We kept seeing these drops\Nin their depression scores
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.73,0:02:27.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after the psilocybin treatment\Nover and over again.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.49,0:02:29.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their symptoms of depression\Nwere going right down,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.93,0:02:32.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,much bigger reductions\Nin depression scores
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.15,0:02:35.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than you would expect to see\Nin trials of conventional treatments
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.21,0:02:37.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like antidepressants and talking therapy.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.83,0:02:39.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The depression scores\Nwere going right down,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.89,0:02:41.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they were staying down.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.32,0:02:44.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Six months after the dose,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.54,0:02:48.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,six of them were still in remission,\Nno symptoms of depression.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.01,0:02:51.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Three of them didn't really\Nrespond to the drug,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.35,0:02:53.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so there were small\Nreductions in their depression
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.70,0:02:55.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but only for about a week.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.03,0:02:59.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But for 11, their depression\Nwas greatly reduced for about two months,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.31,0:03:02.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then the symptoms of depression\Nstarted to creep back again.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.32,0:03:04.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, that might sound very disappointing,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.34,0:03:07.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but with antidepressants,\Nyou have to take them every day.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.69,0:03:11.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They have some unpleasant side effects;\Nit takes weeks for them to work.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.07,0:03:13.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they are a palliative\Ntreatment, not a cure.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.33,0:03:14.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But with psilocybin treatment,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.80,0:03:17.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we were seeing immediate reductions\Nin depression symptoms,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.58,0:03:21.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,immediate relief that last for months,\Nwithout side effects,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.38,0:03:24.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it seemed to be working\Non the root causes
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.64,0:03:27.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rather than just suppressing symptoms.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.06,0:03:32.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Depression is a relentless,\Nhaunting affliction.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.21,0:03:34.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Winston Churchill called it the black dog.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.21,0:03:38.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Patients in our study called it\Na concrete coat, a sack over the head,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.67,0:03:40.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a locked box, a prison.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.95,0:03:46.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They had tried between\Nthree and 11 types of antidepressants
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.33,0:03:48.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and six types of talking therapy,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.59,0:03:50.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but nothing had released them.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.06,0:03:52.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were stuck in their individual\Nprisons of depression.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.80,0:03:54.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they're not the odd ones out.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.54,0:03:56.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are entering an epidemic of depression.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.56,0:03:59.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the number one cause\Nof disability globally,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.08,0:04:01.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it will affect everyone in this room -
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.14,0:04:03.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,either someone you care about\Nor you directly.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.60,0:04:05.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we don't understand depression.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.76,0:04:07.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't really know what causes it.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.81,0:04:13.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And despite enormous scientific endeavor,\Nwe have not yet found a conclusive cure.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.75,0:04:15.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't really understand it.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.48,0:04:18.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a complex mixture\Nof so many different factors.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.38,0:04:21.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when it hits, it can be\Na wave of sadness shame and grief,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.87,0:04:25.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or it can be just a shroud\Nthat kills all feelings.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.96,0:04:28.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's not an illness\Nthat we can just test for and treat.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.83,0:04:30.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's different for every person.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.89,0:04:34.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how to unlock depression?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.02,0:04:37.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The key is never simple,\Nand it will be different for each person.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.28,0:04:45.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, in our study,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.58,0:04:49.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we were originally looking at the effect\Nof psilocybin on the patients' brains.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.37,0:04:53.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it makes the brain\Ngo from rigid to flexible,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.61,0:04:54.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hyper-connected.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.65,0:04:56.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You could say that it unlocks the brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.57,0:05:00.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in our study, we did these brain scans,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.06,0:05:02.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we could see\Nthis increased flexibility.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.15,0:05:05.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we also included\Na symptom measure,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.11,0:05:08.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we could see that depression\Nsymptoms were going right down.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.11,0:05:09.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that doesn't tell the full story.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.88,0:05:12.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We wanted to know from patients\Nin their own words.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.26,0:05:13.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What was happening?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.31,0:05:14.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What was the psilocybin doing?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.80,0:05:17.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we interviewed them all\Nsix months after the dose,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.61,0:05:21.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we analysed the interview transcripts\Nand came up with two themes
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.96,0:05:24.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about what psilocybin was doing.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.19,0:05:25.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But before I get onto those themes,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.87,0:05:29.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think maybe I should clarify\Nwhat a psychedelic experience is.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.23,0:05:33.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So psychedelics allow the unconscious\Nmind to become conscious.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.63,0:05:36.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Important material that has\Nbeen built up over the course of life
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.95,0:05:39.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but that has been pushed out of sight\Nwhere you can't see it,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.81,0:05:43.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,emerges, like -\Nit's kind of crumpled clothes
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.10,0:05:45.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you push to the back\Nof your wardrobe,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.13,0:05:46.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it emerges, it comes out;
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.67,0:05:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you don't just see it, you embody it.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.00,0:05:52.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Memories, emotions, pain, love, grief -
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.45,0:05:56.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whatever has been hidden\Nemerges and demands you feel it.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.15,0:05:59.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It can be incredibly painful\Nand incredibly beautiful.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.28,0:06:04.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Patients in our study described overall\Nhaving three main types of experience.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.31,0:06:06.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So firstly, visiting past traumas;
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.85,0:06:09.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,secondly, having insights\Nabout your life -
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.91,0:06:12.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,negative patterns and how to change them;
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.27,0:06:17.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and thirdly, these experiences\Nof harmony and connection and unity.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.02,0:06:20.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And sometimes they would have\Nall three experiences
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.44,0:06:22.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the course of one dosing session.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.24,0:06:26.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So here's our treatment room.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.18,0:06:32.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you would have the two therapists\Neither side of the patient.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.07,0:06:35.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They'd be given eye shades and asked\Nto sit back and listen to the music,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.62,0:06:38.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and just surrender to whatever comes up.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.09,0:06:41.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they would have had sessions\Nwith the therapists beforehand
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.04,0:06:43.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that they trusted them\Nand they felt safe.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.20,0:06:45.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the therapist doesn't structure\Nthe sessions at all
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.78,0:06:48.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or direct the content in any way.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.69,0:06:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there was a structure to sessions.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.00,0:06:54.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was a beginning,\Na middle, and an end,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.10,0:06:57.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a flow of ideas and symbols\Nthat built on each other
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.22,0:06:58.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the most sophisticated way,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.78,0:07:03.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as if it had been planned\Nby a most excellent therapist.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.54,0:07:07.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, in my previous work\Nas a non-psychedelic psychologist,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.06,0:07:10.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,providing talking therapies in the NHS,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.23,0:07:12.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would plan my sessions for my patients
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.68,0:07:16.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and think, how can I help them\Ntalk about traumatic experiences
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.12,0:07:18.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or how could I help them\Nget a different perspective
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.72,0:07:22.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or develop some self-compassion\Nor some motivation for change.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.36,0:07:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I'd try and instill all these things.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.00,0:07:26.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it's all coming from the therapist;
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.95,0:07:30.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the patient experiences it\Nas somehow outside of themselves,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.36,0:07:32.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it sometimes just misses the mark.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.03,0:07:34.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But with the psilocybin sessions,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.95,0:07:38.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was witnessing patients\Ngo on their own journeys of healing,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.40,0:07:41.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the ideas all came from inside themselves,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.10,0:07:43.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they were powerful and transformative.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.23,0:07:47.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because the lessons were planned\Nby the most accurate therapist there is:
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.72,0:07:49.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,themselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.55,0:07:52.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, the themes:
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.81,0:07:55.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What did the patients say\Nthe psilocybin did?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.67,0:08:03.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The clicker is broken.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.14,0:08:04.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can I have another clicker?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.60,0:08:05.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.73,0:08:07.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.83,0:08:10.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The next slide isn't coming up,\Nbut I'll tell you what it says.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.80,0:08:14.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It says that the first theme\Nwas of an inner unlocking.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.42,0:08:19.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So patients described going\Nfrom being emotionally locked up inside
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.01,0:08:21.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to being emotionally liberated.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.42,0:08:23.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They described going\Nfrom being avoidant of emotion
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.100,0:08:25.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to accepting emotion.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.69,0:08:28.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, they talked about how in depression,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.07,0:08:30.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when stressful or painful things happened,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.59,0:08:33.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,emotions were distanced or suppressed.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.31,0:08:36.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They - our society\Ndoesn't really value suffering.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.88,0:08:38.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's seen as a weakness.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.69,0:08:41.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they'd learned to put\Ntheir feelings in boxes.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.38,0:08:45.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sam remembered growing up\Nand being told 'Boys don't cry',
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.92,0:08:48.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so he learnt to suffer in silence.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.33,0:08:53.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And many of the patients just -\Nthey couldn't deal with their feelings
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.56,0:08:55.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because so much\Nhad happened in their lives,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.69,0:08:57.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they had so many years of hurt,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.37,0:09:00.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they just didn't have\Nthe resources to face it all.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.30,0:09:03.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they had many different\Nways of avoiding their pain,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.28,0:09:08.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,self-medicating through food,\Nthrough television, through painkillers
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.11,0:09:10.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then often through antidepressants,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.01,0:09:13.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which didn't really work\Non the root causes of their suffering,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.05,0:09:15.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just numb the worst of the pain.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.20,0:09:17.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But they also numbed other emotions too.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.61,0:09:21.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so many of the patients described\Nfeeling numb and unable to feel.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.07,0:09:23.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many of them had described
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.88,0:09:27.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,experiencing trauma in their life,\Noften in early childhood.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.07,0:09:30.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they've never been able to process it\Nor think about what had happened.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.18,0:09:35.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in their psilocybin experiences,\Nthey were able to process these things.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.81,0:09:37.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,John -
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.68,0:09:40.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where's John?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.46,0:09:44.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,John here -
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.26,0:09:47.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He had suffered from abuse in childhood,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.09,0:09:50.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in his psilocybin dose,\Nhe saw a great big cask,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.84,0:09:53.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he knew that in that cask\Nwith all of his pain and shame
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.71,0:09:56.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that he'd never been\Nable to think or talk about.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.07,0:09:58.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he grappled with it.\NIt was extremely painful.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.46,0:10:00.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in the course of the session,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.07,0:10:03.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he was able to unlock that box\Nand accept his past.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.17,0:10:04.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it was so powerful.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.73,0:10:06.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many of them cried\Nfor the first time in years.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.93,0:10:09.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This cathartic experience\Nof accepting emotion
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.07,0:10:10.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and just being able to live it.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.71,0:10:16.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We saw in six hours what you would\Noften see in six years of therapy.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.76,0:10:22.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now the second theme\Nis of an outer unlocking.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.60,0:10:29.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, they described going\Nfrom disconnection to connection.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.31,0:10:32.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, they talked about depression\Nas a gradual turning inward,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.18,0:10:34.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,slowly becoming disconnected\Nfrom the people you love,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.84,0:10:36.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from your identity
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.14,0:10:40.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and becoming just kind of\Ntrapped in their minds,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.16,0:10:42.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,trapped in a small corner of their minds,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.17,0:10:45.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,locked there with constant negative\Nthinking attacking them all the time,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.38,0:10:51.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the psilocybin\Nstarted a process of reconnection.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.23,0:10:53.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So Ben described it this way.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.32,0:10:58.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He said, 'It was like when you defrag\Nthe hard drive on your computer.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.44,0:11:00.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I experienced things\Nbeing rearranged in my mind,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.90,0:11:03.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I witnessed it\Nas it was all put into order,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.20,0:11:05.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I thought my brain is being defragged!
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.40,0:11:07.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How brilliant is that?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.70,0:11:11.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And since that time my thoughts\Nmake sense, and I ruminate less.'
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.51,0:11:13.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And other patients\Ndescribed the same process
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.61,0:11:14.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but in a different way.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.79,0:11:17.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some described it as the fog lifting\Nor being able to see clearly.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.91,0:11:21.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,John said it was like turning\Non the lights in a dark house.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.95,0:11:23.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And after that mental reboot,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:23.74,0:11:25.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they were able to connect to their senses,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.86,0:11:28.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they would connect\Nto their self, their identity.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.19,0:11:31.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Kirk said he felt like\Nhe was gliding through life,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.26,0:11:33.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they could connect to other people.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.34,0:11:36.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,John went for dinner with his wife\Nfor the first time in seven years,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:36.59,0:11:38.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,said that they were like teenagers again.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.58,0:11:40.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many of them felt a connection to nature.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.55,0:11:43.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They didn't just see nature\Nas a thing like a television or a picture,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.89,0:11:45.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they felt part of it.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.39,0:11:48.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they connected to a spiritual\Nprinciple for the first time -
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.79,0:11:50.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some of them.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.14,0:11:56.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Overall, they went from being trapped\Nto being unlocked, expanded and free.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.55,0:12:02.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, altered states of consciousness\Nhave been held in high esteem
Dialogue: 0,0:12:02.63,0:12:04.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for thousands of years around the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.56,0:12:06.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the scientific research\Nis in its infancy,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.72,0:12:09.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we're excited to be doing\Na bigger study this year.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:09.46,0:12:11.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we're still treading carefully.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:11.90,0:12:13.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't know so much about it yet.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.59,0:12:15.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it won't be right for everyone.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.86,0:12:18.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, we're treading carefully,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.02,0:12:20.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we're going to learn\Nso much over next five years
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.54,0:12:23.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about how and when\Npsilocybin can help us.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:24.88,0:12:27.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I believe that it could\Nrevolutionize mental healthcare.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:27.99,0:12:31.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Patience in our study described\Nall these superficial treatments,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.74,0:12:35.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,short-term therapies,\Nsticking plasters that didn't help.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:35.78,0:12:36.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nothing had ever helped
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.92,0:12:39.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because nothing had ever\Ngot to the heart of their pain.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.41,0:12:42.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in this epidemic of depression,\Nthere are so many people in need,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:42.66,0:12:44.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so many people need help,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.17,0:12:47.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the NHS can't afford\Nto provide long-term treatments,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:47.44,0:12:50.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,years and years\Nof psychotherapy for everyone.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.12,0:12:52.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I believe that\Nif we incorporate psilocybin
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.59,0:12:56.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into existing short-term therapies\Nlike the therapies I used to work in,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:56.63,0:13:00.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we can make them so much\Nmore effective, so much more powerful.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.95,0:13:04.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's supplementing therapy with a medicine
Dialogue: 0,0:13:04.21,0:13:06.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that lets you find a way\Nout of your suffering
Dialogue: 0,0:13:06.18,0:13:09.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rather than just padding the cage.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.19,0:13:14.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, can magic mushrooms\Nunlock depression?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:14.79,0:13:16.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The answer is 'no'.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:16.100,0:13:19.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not the mushroom\Nthat unlocks depression,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:19.54,0:13:20.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's the patient.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.88,0:13:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The mushroom just shows them the key.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:24.22,0:13:25.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:25.43,0:13:27.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)