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Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.92,0:00:17.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The internet gives everyone in society a voice\Nin the public sphere.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.66,0:00:24.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But when anyone can post anything online,\Nthe result is a lot of information.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.36,0:00:28.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of this is trustworthy, but a lot of\Nit isn’t.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.33,0:00:33.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On social media and search platforms, all\Ninformation is made to look the same.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.03,0:00:39.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It can be hard to tell what is from a credible\Nsource, such as a professional news organization,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.33,0:00:43.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what is less reliable.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.82,0:00:48.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Social media networks make it easy for wrong\Ninformation to spread, which means we hear
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.46,0:00:50.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a lot about the ‘fake news’ problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.99,0:00:54.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what is fake news, exactly?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.78,0:00:59.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The phrase gets used to describe all kinds\Nof wrong information — from articles intended
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.27,0:01:06.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to deceive people, to misleading memes and\Nclickbait headlines, to conspiracy theories.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.35,0:01:11.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some people call news reports they don’t\Nlike ‘fake news’ as a way to discredit
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.34,0:01:14.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reliable sources, which only adds to the confusion.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.83,0:01:20.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To understand the problem of wrong information\Nonline, it helps to define and categorize
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.65,0:01:22.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.25,0:01:30.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,False information can be sorted into two categories:\Nmisinformation and disinformation.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.39,0:01:34.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Misinformation is wrong, but the person sharing\Nit believes it to be true.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.73,0:01:39.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While misinformation can be damaging, its\Nintent is not to cause harm.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.63,0:01:49.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Examples could include a factual error caused\Nby misunderstanding, a manipulated image,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.14,0:01:52.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or a real photo that appears with a made up\Nstory.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.21,0:01:58.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Disinformation, on the other hand, is deliberately\Nfalse information created and shared to cause
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.22,0:01:59.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,harm.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.22,0:02:04.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It has the goal of confusing people about\Nwhat is true, and influencing how they think
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.24,0:02:05.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and act.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.90,0:02:13.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, a false rumour circulated about\Na political candidate that causes others to
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.32,0:02:14.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,doubt their trustworthiness.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.32,0:02:19.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Together, all this mis- and disinformation\Ncan be thought of as “information pollution.”
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.29,0:02:24.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Unreliable stories or posts can be interesting\Nor funny or spark an emotion that makes us
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.42,0:02:28.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,want to believe and share them with friends.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.04,0:02:33.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People contribute to information pollution\Nby sharing false and misleading content.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.62,0:02:39.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Before believing or sharing something, stop\Nand ask “who made this, and why?”
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.09,0:02:46.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the first step in combating information\Npollution to become a more informed citizen.