WEBVTT 00:00:12.120 --> 00:00:14.570 It's really really great to be here. 00:00:14.570 --> 00:00:16.960 You have the power to change the world. 00:00:16.960 --> 00:00:19.180 I’m not saying that to be cliché, 00:00:19.180 --> 00:00:21.656 you really have the power to change the world. 00:00:21.660 --> 00:00:23.846 Deep inside of you, every single one of you 00:00:23.846 --> 00:00:27.460 has the most powerful device known to man. 00:00:27.460 --> 00:00:29.460 And that's an idea. 00:00:29.460 --> 00:00:32.730 So a single idea, from the human mind, 00:00:32.730 --> 00:00:34.620 it could start the ground swell, 00:00:34.620 --> 00:00:37.030 it could be a flash point for a movement, 00:00:37.030 --> 00:00:39.980 and it can actually rewrite our future. 00:00:39.980 --> 00:00:42.830 But an idea is powerless, 00:00:42.830 --> 00:00:44.876 if it stays inside of you. 00:00:44.889 --> 00:00:47.775 If you never pull that idea out for others to contend with, 00:00:47.775 --> 00:00:49.457 it will die with you. 00:00:49.457 --> 00:00:52.970 Now maybe some of you guys are trying to convey your idea, 00:00:52.970 --> 00:00:54.408 and it wasn't adopted, it was rejected 00:00:54.408 --> 00:00:58.032 and some other mediocre or average idea was adopted. 00:00:58.032 --> 00:01:02.010 And the only difference between those two is in the way it was communicated. 00:01:02.010 --> 00:01:04.915 Because if you communicate an idea in a way that resonates, 00:01:04.915 --> 00:01:08.495 change will happen, and you can change the world. 00:01:08.510 --> 00:01:11.143 In my family, we collect these vintage European posters. 00:01:11.143 --> 00:01:13.532 Every time we go to Maui, we go to the dealer there, 00:01:13.532 --> 00:01:15.468 and he turns these great big posters. 00:01:15.468 --> 00:01:17.350 I love them. They all have one idea, 00:01:17.350 --> 00:01:19.900 and one really clear visual that conveys the idea. 00:01:19.900 --> 00:01:22.120 They are about the size of a mattress. They are really big, 00:01:22.120 --> 00:01:24.730 they're not as thick as a mattress, but they are big. 00:01:24.730 --> 00:01:26.990 And the guy will tell the stories as he turns the pages. 00:01:27.020 --> 00:01:29.401 And there was one time I was flanked by my two kids, 00:01:29.401 --> 00:01:32.790 and he turns the page and this poster is underneath, 00:01:32.790 --> 00:01:34.790 and right when I leaned forward and say, 00:01:34.790 --> 00:01:37.260 "Oh my god, I love this poster," 00:01:37.260 --> 00:01:40.271 both of my kids jumped back and they are like "Oh my god, mom, it's you." 00:01:40.277 --> 00:01:43.575 And this is the poster. (Laughter) 00:01:43.590 --> 00:01:45.520 See I'm like "Fire it up!" 00:01:45.520 --> 00:01:48.230 The thing I loved about this poster was the irony. 00:01:48.230 --> 00:01:50.568 Here's this chick all fired up, headed into battle, 00:01:50.568 --> 00:01:52.071 – as the standard there, – 00:01:52.071 --> 00:01:55.050 and she's holding these little Suavitos baking spices, 00:01:55.050 --> 00:01:58.030 like something so seemingly insignificant, 00:01:58.030 --> 00:02:00.030 though she's willing to risk, you know, 00:02:00.030 --> 00:02:02.500 life and limb to promote this thing. 00:02:02.508 --> 00:02:05.749 So if you are to swap out, swap out those little Suavitos baking spices 00:02:05.749 --> 00:02:07.740 with a presentation. 00:02:07.740 --> 00:02:10.090 Yeah, it's me, pretty fired up. 00:02:10.090 --> 00:02:12.570 I was fired up about presentations back when it wasn't cool 00:02:12.570 --> 00:02:14.885 to be fired up about presentations. 00:02:14.885 --> 00:02:17.280 I really think they have the power to change the world 00:02:17.280 --> 00:02:19.755 when you communicate effectively through them. 00:02:19.770 --> 00:02:22.050 And changing the world is hard. 00:02:22.050 --> 00:02:25.530 It won't happen with just one person with one single idea. 00:02:25.530 --> 00:02:28.880 That idea has got to spread, or it won't be effective. 00:02:28.880 --> 00:02:30.747 So it has to come out of you 00:02:30.747 --> 00:02:33.952 and out into the open for people to see. 00:02:33.952 --> 00:02:38.680 And the way that ideas are conveyed the most effectively is through story. 00:02:38.680 --> 00:02:41.560 You know, for thousands of years, illiterate generations 00:02:41.569 --> 00:02:45.310 would pass on their values and their culture from generation to generation, 00:02:45.310 --> 00:02:47.200 and they would stay intact. 00:02:47.200 --> 00:02:49.820 So there's something kind of magical about a story structure 00:02:49.820 --> 00:02:52.230 that makes it so that when it's assembled, 00:02:52.230 --> 00:02:54.361 it can be ingested and then recalled 00:02:54.361 --> 00:02:56.967 by the person who's receiving it. 00:02:56.967 --> 00:03:00.850 So basically a story, you get a physical reaction, 00:03:00.850 --> 00:03:03.860 your heart can race, your eyes can dilate, 00:03:03.860 --> 00:03:06.261 you could talk about, "Oh I got a chill down my spine" 00:03:06.261 --> 00:03:08.458 or, "I could feel it in the pit of my stomach". 00:03:08.458 --> 00:03:11.550 We actually physically react when someone is telling us a story. 00:03:11.550 --> 00:03:13.953 So even though the stage is the same, a story can be told, 00:03:13.953 --> 00:03:16.710 but once a presentation is told, it completely flatlines. 00:03:16.710 --> 00:03:18.245 And I wanted to figure out why. 00:03:18.245 --> 00:03:21.848 Why is it that we physically sit with wrapped attention during a story, 00:03:21.848 --> 00:03:24.299 but it just dies for a presentation. 00:03:24.299 --> 00:03:28.180 So I wanted to figure out, how do you incorporate story into presentations. 00:03:28.180 --> 00:03:30.470 So we've had thousands of presentations 00:03:30.470 --> 00:03:33.111 back at the shop – hundreds of thousands of presentations actually, 00:03:33.111 --> 00:03:36.015 so I knew the contexts of a really bad presentation. 00:03:36.029 --> 00:03:38.740 I decided to study cinema, and literature, 00:03:38.749 --> 00:03:41.141 and really dig in and figure out what was going on 00:03:41.141 --> 00:03:43.198 and why it was broken. 00:03:43.198 --> 00:03:46.117 So, I want to show you some of the findings 00:03:46.117 --> 00:03:50.330 that led up to what I think of – I've uncovered as a presentation form. 00:03:50.330 --> 00:03:52.460 So it was obvious to start with Aristotle, 00:03:52.460 --> 00:03:54.954 he had a three act structure, a beginning, a middle and an end, 00:03:54.954 --> 00:03:57.147 studied poetics and rhetoric, 00:03:57.147 --> 00:04:00.650 and a lot of presentations don't even have that in its most simple form. 00:04:00.650 --> 00:04:03.400 And then when I moved on to studying hero archetypes 00:04:03.400 --> 00:04:05.208 I thought, "OK, the presenter is the hero, 00:04:05.208 --> 00:04:07.464 they are up on the stage, they're the star of the show." 00:04:07.464 --> 00:04:10.720 It's really easy to feel that way, as the presenter, that you are the star of the show. 00:04:10.720 --> 00:04:13.240 I realized right away, that that's really broken. 00:04:13.240 --> 00:04:16.780 Because I have an idea, I can put it out there, 00:04:16.780 --> 00:04:19.460 but if you guys don't grab that idea and hold it as dear, 00:04:19.460 --> 00:04:21.980 the idea goes nowhere and the world is never changed. 00:04:21.980 --> 00:04:24.242 So in reality, the presenter isn't the hero, 00:04:24.242 --> 00:04:27.085 the audience is the hero of our idea. 00:04:27.085 --> 00:04:29.530 So if you look at Joseph Campbell's Hero's Journey, 00:04:29.530 --> 00:04:32.750 just in the front part, there was some really interesting insights there. 00:04:32.750 --> 00:04:35.246 So there is this likable hero in an ordinary world, 00:04:35.246 --> 00:04:37.120 and they get this call to adventure. 00:04:37.120 --> 00:04:38.899 So the world is kind of brought out of balance. 00:04:38.899 --> 00:04:40.680 And at first they're resistant, 00:04:40.680 --> 00:04:43.037 they're like "I don't know if I want to jump into this" 00:04:43.037 --> 00:04:44.315 and then a mentor comes along 00:04:44.315 --> 00:04:46.618 and helps them move from their ordinary world 00:04:46.618 --> 00:04:48.203 into a special world. 00:04:48.203 --> 00:04:50.220 And that's the role of the presenter. 00:04:50.220 --> 00:04:53.120 It's to be the mentor. You are not Luke Skywalker, you're Yoda. 00:04:53.120 --> 00:04:55.219 You're the one that actually helps the audience 00:04:55.219 --> 00:04:59.333 move from one thing and into your new special idea, 00:04:59.333 --> 00:05:01.400 and that's the power of story. 00:05:01.400 --> 00:05:05.810 So in its most simple structure, it's a three part structure of the story. 00:05:05.810 --> 00:05:08.630 You have a likable hero, who has a desire, 00:05:08.630 --> 00:05:11.480 they encounter a roadblock, and ultimately 00:05:11.480 --> 00:05:15.156 they emerge, transform, and that's the basic structure. 00:05:15.157 --> 00:05:18.900 But it wasn't until I came across a Gustav Freytag's pyramid 00:05:18.900 --> 00:05:21.664 – he drew this shape in 1863. 00:05:21.664 --> 00:05:24.015 Now he was a German dramatist, 00:05:24.023 --> 00:05:26.326 – he was a German dramatist – 00:05:26.326 --> 00:05:29.114 and he believed there is a five act structure, 00:05:29.114 --> 00:05:34.913 which has an exposition, a rising action, a climax, a falling action and a denouement, 00:05:34.913 --> 00:05:38.080 which is the unraveling or the resolution of the story. 00:05:38.080 --> 00:05:40.295 I love this shape. So we talk about shapes. 00:05:40.295 --> 00:05:42.596 Story has an arc, well an arc is a shape. 00:05:42.596 --> 00:05:46.037 We talk about classical music, having a shapeliness to it. 00:05:46.052 --> 00:05:49.710 So I thought, hey, if presentations had a shape, what would that shape be? 00:05:49.710 --> 00:05:52.910 And how did the greatest communicators use that shape 00:05:52.910 --> 00:05:54.277 or do they use a shape? 00:05:54.277 --> 00:05:56.430 So I'll never forget, it was a Saturday morning. 00:05:56.430 --> 00:05:58.817 After all this study, – it was a couple of years of study – 00:05:58.817 --> 00:06:00.214 I drew a shape. 00:06:00.214 --> 00:06:01.242 And I was like, 00:06:01.242 --> 00:06:02.776 "Oh my gosh, if this shape is real, 00:06:02.776 --> 00:06:05.614 I should be able to take two completely different presentations, 00:06:05.614 --> 00:06:07.966 and overlay it and it should be true." 00:06:07.966 --> 00:06:09.269 So I took the obvious, 00:06:09.269 --> 00:06:11.371 I took Martin Luther King's "I Have a Dream" speech, 00:06:11.371 --> 00:06:14.290 and I took Steve Jobs' 2007 iPhone launch speech, 00:06:14.290 --> 00:06:16.440 I overlaid it over it, and it worked. 00:06:16.440 --> 00:06:19.950 I sat in my office, just astounded. I actually cried a little, 00:06:19.950 --> 00:06:22.940 because I was like, "I've been given this gift," 00:06:22.940 --> 00:06:24.066 and here it is, 00:06:24.066 --> 00:06:27.340 this is the shape of a great presentation. 00:06:27.340 --> 00:06:31.380 Isn't it amazing? (Mock sob; laughter) I was crying. 00:06:31.380 --> 00:06:33.930 So I want to walk you through it, 'cause it's actually pretty astounding. 00:06:33.930 --> 00:06:36.250 There is a beginning, a middle and an end and I want to walk you through it. 00:06:36.250 --> 00:06:40.100 Because the greatest communicators of all times, – I went through speeches, everything, – 00:06:40.100 --> 00:06:41.360 actually I can overlay the shape, 00:06:41.360 --> 00:06:44.010 even the Gettysburg Address follows the shape. 00:06:44.010 --> 00:06:47.580 So the beginning of any presentation, you need to establish what is. 00:06:47.580 --> 00:06:50.040 You know, here's the status quo, here's what's going on. 00:06:50.040 --> 00:06:52.620 And then you need to compare that to what could be. 00:06:52.620 --> 00:06:55.530 Now you need to make that gap as big as possible, 00:06:55.530 --> 00:06:59.394 because there is this commonplace of the status quo, 00:06:59.394 --> 00:07:02.260 and you need to contrast that with the loftiness of your idea. 00:07:02.260 --> 00:07:04.445 So it's like you know, here's the past, here's the present, 00:07:04.445 --> 00:07:06.628 but look at our future. 00:07:06.628 --> 00:07:07.948 Here's a problem, 00:07:07.948 --> 00:07:09.745 but look at that problem removed. 00:07:09.745 --> 00:07:11.066 Here's a roadblock, 00:07:11.066 --> 00:07:12.757 let's annihilate the roadblock. 00:07:12.757 --> 00:07:14.850 You need to really amplify that gap. 00:07:14.850 --> 00:07:17.700 This would be like the inciting incident in a movie. 00:07:17.700 --> 00:07:21.010 That's when suddenly the audience has to contend with what you just put out there 00:07:21.010 --> 00:07:22.166 and they have to say "Wow, 00:07:22.166 --> 00:07:24.360 do I want to agree with this and align with it or not?" 00:07:24.360 --> 00:07:27.708 And in the rest of your presentation should support that. 00:07:27.708 --> 00:07:30.319 So the middle goes back and forth, 00:07:30.319 --> 00:07:33.730 it traverses between what is and what could be, what is and what could be. 00:07:33.730 --> 00:07:35.130 Because what you are trying to do 00:07:35.130 --> 00:07:38.169 is make the status quo and the normal unappealing, 00:07:38.169 --> 00:07:42.933 and you're wanting to draw them towards what could be in the future with your idea adopted. 00:07:42.933 --> 00:07:45.990 Now, on your way to change the world, people are gonna resist, 00:07:45.990 --> 00:07:48.310 they are not going to be excited, they may love the world the way it is. 00:07:48.310 --> 00:07:49.970 So you'll encounter resistance. 00:07:49.970 --> 00:07:51.932 That's why you have to move back and forth, 00:07:51.932 --> 00:07:54.110 that's similar to sailing. 00:07:54.110 --> 00:07:57.519 When you're sailing against the wind, and there is wind resistance, 00:07:57.519 --> 00:08:00.870 you have to move your boat back and forth, and back and forth. 00:08:00.870 --> 00:08:02.513 That's so you can capture the wind. 00:08:02.513 --> 00:08:06.030 You have to actually capture the resistance coming against you when you are sailing. 00:08:06.030 --> 00:08:10.180 Now interesting, if you capture the wind just right, and you set your sail just right, 00:08:10.180 --> 00:08:12.496 your ship will actually sail faster than the wind itself 00:08:12.496 --> 00:08:14.322 – it is a physics phenomenon. 00:08:14.322 --> 00:08:17.889 So by planting in there, the way they're gonna resist between what is and what can be, 00:08:17.889 --> 00:08:22.866 is actually going to draw them towards your idea quicker than should you not do that. 00:08:22.866 --> 00:08:26.440 So after you've moved back and forth between what is and what could be, 00:08:26.440 --> 00:08:30.195 the last turning point is a call-to-action which every presentation should have 00:08:30.195 --> 00:08:31.736 – but at the very end. 00:08:31.736 --> 00:08:33.658 You need to describe the world as a new bliss, 00:08:33.658 --> 00:08:36.120 "This is utopia with my idea adopted." 00:08:36.120 --> 00:08:37.543 "This is the way the world is going to look, 00:08:37.543 --> 00:08:40.228 when we join together and we solve this big problem." 00:08:40.228 --> 00:08:42.566 You need to use that as your ending, 00:08:42.566 --> 00:08:45.704 in a very poetic and a dramatic way. 00:08:45.704 --> 00:08:48.765 So, interestingly, when I was done, I was like, "You know what? 00:08:48.765 --> 00:08:51.613 I could use this as an analysis tool." 00:08:51.613 --> 00:08:53.770 I actually transcribe speeches 00:08:53.770 --> 00:08:55.444 and I would actually map out, 00:08:55.444 --> 00:08:57.320 how much they map to this tool. 00:08:57.320 --> 00:08:59.353 So I want to show you some of that today, 00:08:59.353 --> 00:09:02.388 and I want to start with the very two people that I used when I first did. 00:09:02.411 --> 00:09:05.400 Here's Mr. Jobs, completely has changed the world. 00:09:05.400 --> 00:09:08.295 Changed the world of personal computing, he has changed the music industry, 00:09:08.304 --> 00:09:10.440 and now he is on his way to change the device, 00:09:10.440 --> 00:09:11.630 the mobile device industry. 00:09:11.630 --> 00:09:12.960 So he has definitely changed the world. 00:09:12.960 --> 00:09:16.361 And this is the shape of his iPhone launch 2007, 00:09:16.361 --> 00:09:17.526 when he launched his iPhone. 00:09:17.526 --> 00:09:20.607 It's a ninety-minute-talk and you can see he starts with what is, 00:09:20.607 --> 00:09:24.027 traverses back and forth and ends with what could be. 00:09:24.027 --> 00:09:26.185 So I want to zoom in on this: 00:09:26.194 --> 00:09:29.628 the white line is him speaking, he's talking. 00:09:29.628 --> 00:09:33.200 And the next color line you see popped up there, that's when he cuts to video. 00:09:33.200 --> 00:09:35.350 So he's adding some variety and he cuts to demo. 00:09:35.350 --> 00:09:37.640 So it's not just him talking the whole time. 00:09:37.640 --> 00:09:40.696 And these lines are representative there. 00:09:40.696 --> 00:09:44.313 And then towards the end you'll see a blue line, which will be the guest speaker. 00:09:44.313 --> 00:09:46.513 So this is where it gets kind of interesting: 00:09:46.513 --> 00:09:49.362 every tick mark here is when he made them laugh. 00:09:49.362 --> 00:09:51.780 And every tick mark here is when he made them clap. 00:09:51.780 --> 00:09:53.870 They are so involved physically, 00:09:53.870 --> 00:09:57.650 they are physically reacting to what he is saying, which is actually fantastic, 00:09:57.650 --> 00:10:00.830 because then now you have the audience in your hand. 00:10:00.830 --> 00:10:03.680 So he kicks off what could be, 00:10:03.680 --> 00:10:07.120 with "This is a day I've been looking forward to for two and a half years." 00:10:07.120 --> 00:10:08.630 So he is launching a product 00:10:08.630 --> 00:10:10.490 that he's known about already for a couple of years. 00:10:10.490 --> 00:10:12.120 So this is not a new product to him. 00:10:12.120 --> 00:10:14.120 But look at this, he does this other thing: 00:10:14.120 --> 00:10:15.500 he marvels. 00:10:15.500 --> 00:10:16.962 He marvels at his own product. 00:10:16.962 --> 00:10:20.203 He marvels himself more than the audience laughs or claps. 00:10:20.203 --> 00:10:23.690 So he is like, "Isn't this awesome? Isn't this beautiful?" 00:10:23.690 --> 00:10:27.230 He is modeling for the audience what he wants them to feel. 00:10:27.230 --> 00:10:31.770 So he is actually doing a job of compelling them to feel a certain way. 00:10:31.770 --> 00:10:33.990 So he kicks off with what could be, 00:10:33.990 --> 00:10:38.590 with "Every once in a while, a revolutionary product comes along that changes everything." 00:10:38.590 --> 00:10:41.010 So he starts to kick in and talk about his new product. 00:10:41.010 --> 00:10:44.060 Now at the beginning of it, he actually keeps the phone off. 00:10:44.060 --> 00:10:47.210 You'll see that the line is pretty wide up until this point, 00:10:47.210 --> 00:10:51.850 so he goes off between "Here's this new phone and here's the sucky competitors. 00:10:51.850 --> 00:10:54.790 Here's this new phone and here's the sucking competitors." 00:10:54.790 --> 00:10:57.583 And then, right about here, he has the star moment 00:10:57.583 --> 00:10:59.672 – and that something we'll always remember. 00:10:59.672 --> 00:11:01.193 He does, he turns the phone on. 00:11:01.193 --> 00:11:03.002 The audience sees scrolling for the first time, 00:11:03.002 --> 00:11:04.752 you can hear the oxygen sucked out of the room. 00:11:04.752 --> 00:11:06.720 They gasped. You can actually hear it. 00:11:06.720 --> 00:11:09.110 So he creates a moment that they'll always remember. 00:11:09.110 --> 00:11:11.594 So if we move along this model, you can see the blue 00:11:11.594 --> 00:11:13.362 – where the external speakers are going in – 00:11:13.362 --> 00:11:16.102 and then, over towards the bottom right, the line breaks. 00:11:16.102 --> 00:11:18.010 That's because of his clicker broke. 00:11:18.010 --> 00:11:20.852 So what is he doing? He wants to keep this heightened sense of excitement. 00:11:20.852 --> 00:11:22.560 He tells a personal story, 00:11:22.560 --> 00:11:24.630 right there, where the technology didn't work. 00:11:24.630 --> 00:11:26.782 So he is the master communicator and he turns to story 00:11:26.782 --> 00:11:28.826 to keep the audience involved. 00:11:28.826 --> 00:11:31.730 So the top right he ends with the new bliss. 00:11:31.730 --> 00:11:33.091 He leaves them with the promise 00:11:33.091 --> 00:11:36.560 that Apple will continue to build revolutionary new products. 00:11:36.560 --> 00:11:38.700 And he says, 00:11:38.700 --> 00:11:41.210 "There's an old Wayne Gretzky quote that I love: 00:11:41.210 --> 00:11:43.760 'I skate to where the puck is going to be, not to where it has been.' 00:11:43.760 --> 00:11:47.709 We've always tried to do that at Apple and since the very very beginning, we always will." 00:11:47.709 --> 00:11:49.742 So he ends with the new bliss. 00:11:49.742 --> 00:11:51.510 So let's look at Mr. King. 00:11:51.510 --> 00:11:54.030 He was an amazing visionary, he's a clergyman, 00:11:54.030 --> 00:11:56.810 who spent his life working hard for equality. 00:11:56.810 --> 00:11:59.500 And this is the shape of the "I Have a Dream" speech. 00:11:59.500 --> 00:12:00.730 You can see he starts with 'what is', 00:12:00.730 --> 00:12:03.365 moves back and forth between what is and what could be, 00:12:03.365 --> 00:12:07.940 and ends with a very poetic new bliss, which is the famous part we all know. 00:12:07.940 --> 00:12:11.742 So I'm gonna spread it out a little bit here, stretch it for ya', 00:12:11.742 --> 00:12:14.141 and what I'm doing here is I put the actual transcript there 00:12:14.141 --> 00:12:16.689 along with the text. I know you can't read it. 00:12:16.689 --> 00:12:19.098 But at the end of every line break, I broke the line there, 00:12:19.098 --> 00:12:21.603 because he took a breath and he paused. 00:12:21.603 --> 00:12:24.540 Now he was a Southern Baptist preacher, most people haven't heard that, 00:12:24.540 --> 00:12:26.229 so he had a real cadence and a rhythm, 00:12:26.229 --> 00:12:28.042 that was really new for people there. 00:12:28.042 --> 00:12:30.870 So I want to cover up these lines of texts with a bar 00:12:30.870 --> 00:12:34.450 'cause I want to use this bar as an information device here. 00:12:34.450 --> 00:12:37.790 So let's walk through how he actually spoke to the people. 00:12:38.650 --> 00:12:41.022 The blue bars here are going to be when he used 00:12:41.022 --> 00:12:42.955 the actual rhetorical device of repetition. 00:12:42.955 --> 00:12:44.165 So he was repeating himself, 00:12:44.165 --> 00:12:46.440 he was using the same words and phrases, 00:12:46.440 --> 00:12:49.020 so people could remember and recall them. 00:12:49.020 --> 00:12:52.040 But then he also used a lot of metaphors and visual words. 00:12:52.040 --> 00:12:54.485 This was a way to take really complicated ideas 00:12:54.485 --> 00:12:57.416 and make it memorable, and knowledgeable, so people got it. 00:12:57.416 --> 00:12:58.918 He actually created very – 00:12:58.918 --> 00:13:01.495 almost like scenes with his words to make it – 00:13:01.495 --> 00:13:03.953 so they could envision what he was saying. 00:13:03.953 --> 00:13:07.210 And then there were also a lot of familiar songs and scriptures that he used. 00:13:07.219 --> 00:13:09.300 This is just the front end of it that you are seeing. 00:13:09.300 --> 00:13:14.300 And then he also made a lot of political references of the promises that were made to the people. 00:13:14.300 --> 00:13:17.020 So if we look at the very first end of 'what is', 00:13:17.020 --> 00:13:22.190 at the very end of 'what is' was the very first time that people actually clapped and roared really loud. 00:13:22.190 --> 00:13:24.185 So the end of 'what is', what he did is, he said, 00:13:24.185 --> 00:13:26.352 "America has given the Negro people a bad check, 00:13:26.352 --> 00:13:28.980 a check which has come back marked insufficient funds." 00:13:28.980 --> 00:13:31.630 Well, everyone knows what is like to not have money in your account. 00:13:31.630 --> 00:13:34.880 So he used the metaphor people were very familiar with. 00:13:34.880 --> 00:13:39.180 But when they really charged up, the very first time they really screamed was: 00:13:39.180 --> 00:13:41.240 "So we have come to cash this check, 00:13:41.254 --> 00:13:46.170 a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice." 00:13:46.170 --> 00:13:47.675 That's when they really clapped. 00:13:47.683 --> 00:13:50.710 It was when he compared what currently is to what could be. 00:13:50.710 --> 00:13:53.277 So when we move along a little farther in the model, 00:13:53.277 --> 00:13:56.417 you'll see it goes back and forth in a more frenzy pace. 00:13:56.417 --> 00:13:58.759 And this is when he goes back and forth, and back and forth, 00:13:58.759 --> 00:14:00.950 now the audience was in a frenzy. 00:14:00.950 --> 00:14:03.179 You know, they were all excited, and so you can actually do this 00:14:03.179 --> 00:14:06.408 to keep them in a heightened sense of excitement. 00:14:06.408 --> 00:14:08.900 So he says, "I have a dream 00:14:08.900 --> 00:14:13.800 that one day this nation will rise up and live out the meaning of its creed. 00:14:13.800 --> 00:14:17.247 'We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.'" 00:14:17.247 --> 00:14:20.338 So you can see he uses the little orange text there to remind them of the promise 00:14:20.338 --> 00:14:23.480 that the politicians had made to him or that this country had made. 00:14:23.480 --> 00:14:25.194 Then he moves back and forth between 00:14:25.194 --> 00:14:28.691 "I have a dream that one day, I have a dream that one day, 00:14:28.691 --> 00:14:32.020 I have a dream that one day", and at the end, it gets really interesting here. 00:14:32.020 --> 00:14:34.740 Because he uses, you can look the four shades of green, 00:14:34.740 --> 00:14:37.520 there's a lot of blue there, which was a lot of repetition, 00:14:37.520 --> 00:14:39.520 he had a heightened sense of repetition. 00:14:39.520 --> 00:14:42.860 And the green was a heightened sense of songs and scriptures. 00:14:42.860 --> 00:14:47.260 So with the first batch of green was the actual scripture from the book of Isaiah. 00:14:47.260 --> 00:14:50.510 The second batch of green was "My Country, 'Tis of Thee." 00:14:50.510 --> 00:14:53.788 Now, that's a familiar song that was specifically very significant 00:14:53.788 --> 00:14:55.617 for the black people at the time, 00:14:55.617 --> 00:14:59.790 because this song was the song they chose to change the words to as an outcry, 00:14:59.790 --> 00:15:02.200 saying that promises had not been kept. 00:15:02.200 --> 00:15:06.380 So the third batch of green was actually a stanza from "My Country, 'Tis of Thee." 00:15:06.380 --> 00:15:09.130 And then the fourth was a Negro spiritual. 00:15:09.130 --> 00:15:12.310 "Free at last! Free at last! Thank God Almighty, I'm free at last!" 00:15:12.310 --> 00:15:17.010 So what he did is he actually reached inside of the hearts of the audience. 00:15:17.010 --> 00:15:19.059 He pulled from scriptures what is important. 00:15:19.059 --> 00:15:21.171 He pulled from songs that they'd sung together, 00:15:21.171 --> 00:15:24.423 as an outcry against this outrage and he used those as a device 00:15:24.423 --> 00:15:26.420 to connect and resonate with the audience. 00:15:26.420 --> 00:15:28.939 Ending, painting a picture of this new bliss, 00:15:28.939 --> 00:15:33.550 using the very things inside of them that they already held as sacred. 00:15:33.550 --> 00:15:36.630 So he was a great man. He had a big, big dream. 00:15:36.630 --> 00:15:39.340 There's a lot of people here, you guys have really big dreams. (Laughter) 00:15:39.340 --> 00:15:40.965 There're really big ideas inside of you 00:15:40.965 --> 00:15:43.557 that you need to get out. But you know what? 00:15:43.557 --> 00:15:47.450 We encounter hardships. It's not easy to change the world, it's a big job. 00:15:47.450 --> 00:15:49.189 And you know he was – 00:15:49.189 --> 00:15:51.107 his house was bombed, he was stabbed with a letter opener, 00:15:51.107 --> 00:15:52.890 ultimately, he lost his life, 00:15:52.890 --> 00:15:54.996 you know, for what he cared about. 00:15:55.001 --> 00:15:59.480 But you know a lot of us aren't gonna be required to pay that kind of sacrifice, 00:15:59.480 --> 00:16:02.041 but what happens is that it basically 00:16:02.041 --> 00:16:05.491 is a little bit like that basic story structure. Life can be like that. 00:16:05.491 --> 00:16:07.644 You know you guys are all likable people, 00:16:07.644 --> 00:16:10.169 you have a desire, you encounter roadblocks, 00:16:10.169 --> 00:16:12.270 and we stop there. 00:16:12.270 --> 00:16:14.404 We're just like, you know, "I had this idea, 00:16:14.404 --> 00:16:16.186 but I'm not gonna put it out there. 00:16:16.186 --> 00:16:17.370 It's been rejected." 00:16:17.370 --> 00:16:21.450 You know – we self-sabotage our own ideas, 00:16:21.450 --> 00:16:24.443 we just butt up against the roadblocks, and butt up against the roadblocks 00:16:24.443 --> 00:16:27.143 instead of choosing to let the struggle transform us 00:16:27.143 --> 00:16:31.055 and choosing to go ahead and have a dream and make it real. 00:16:31.055 --> 00:16:32.999 And you know, if anyone, 00:16:32.999 --> 00:16:35.091 if I can do this, anybody can do this. 00:16:35.091 --> 00:16:38.970 I was raised in an economically and emotionally starved environment. 00:16:38.970 --> 00:16:42.750 First time I got to go to a camp with my sister I was abused, 00:16:42.750 --> 00:16:46.160 wasn't the first time I was abused, though, it was just the most aggressive. 00:16:46.160 --> 00:16:49.571 And my mom and dad – they married each other three times, 00:16:49.571 --> 00:16:53.042 yeah, that was tumultuous and when they weren't fighting 00:16:53.042 --> 00:16:55.625 they were helping sober up some alcoholic that was living with us 00:16:55.625 --> 00:16:57.530 because they were both sober alcoholics. 00:16:57.530 --> 00:17:00.440 So my mom abandoned us when I was sixteen years old. 00:17:00.440 --> 00:17:03.820 And I took on a role of caretaker of my home and of my siblings. 00:17:03.820 --> 00:17:07.200 And I married. I met a man. 00:17:07.200 --> 00:17:09.570 Fell in love. I went to a year of college. 00:17:09.570 --> 00:17:11.940 I did what every single bright young girl should do, 00:17:11.940 --> 00:17:14.320 it's I got married when I was eighteen years old. 00:17:14.320 --> 00:17:15.888 And you know what? 00:17:15.888 --> 00:17:19.939 I knew, I knew, that I was born for more than this. 00:17:19.939 --> 00:17:23.330 And right at the point in the story of my life I had a choice. 00:17:23.330 --> 00:17:26.068 I could let all these things push me down 00:17:26.068 --> 00:17:28.682 and I could let all my ideas die inside of me. 00:17:28.682 --> 00:17:30.709 I could just say, you know, life is too hard to change the world. 00:17:30.709 --> 00:17:32.250 It's just too tough. 00:17:32.250 --> 00:17:35.360 But I chose a different story for my life. 00:17:35.360 --> 00:17:39.440 Don't you know it? (Laughter) 00:17:39.440 --> 00:17:43.910 And so I feel like there's people in this room, you got these little Suavitos baking spices 00:17:43.910 --> 00:17:46.253 and you're just like, "You know, It's not that big a deal." 00:17:46.253 --> 00:17:48.880 "It's really not the whole world I can change." 00:17:48.880 --> 00:17:50.383 But you know you can change your world. 00:17:50.383 --> 00:17:52.579 You can change your life. You can change 00:17:52.579 --> 00:17:54.192 the world that you have control on, 00:17:54.192 --> 00:17:55.945 you can change your sphere. 00:17:55.945 --> 00:17:58.100 I want to encourage you to do that. 00:17:58.100 --> 00:17:59.783 Because you know what? 00:17:59.783 --> 00:18:03.127 The future isn't a place that we're going to go. 00:18:03.127 --> 00:18:06.380 It's a place that you get to create. 00:18:06.380 --> 00:18:08.433 I want to thank you. (Applause) 00:18:08.433 --> 00:18:11.780 Bless you. God bless you. Thank you.