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Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.67,0:00:11.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Depression is the leading cause\Nof disability in the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.31,0:00:12.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the United States,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.38,0:00:15.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,close to 10% of adults \Nstruggle with depression.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.68,0:00:17.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But because it's a mental illness,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.36,0:00:21.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it can be a lot harder to understand,\Nthan say, high cholesterol.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.60,0:00:25.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One major source of confusion is\Nthe difference between having depression
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.39,0:00:27.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and just feeling depressed.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.96,0:00:31.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Almost everyone feels down\Nfrom time to time.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.49,0:00:32.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Getting a bad grade,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.71,0:00:33.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,losing a job,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.81,0:00:34.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,having an argument,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.83,0:00:38.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even a rainy day can bring on\Nfeelings of sadness.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.06,0:00:39.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sometimes there's no trigger at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.89,0:00:42.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It just pops up out of the blue.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.01,0:00:43.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then circumstances change,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.55,0:00:46.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and those sad feelings disappear.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.21,0:00:48.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Clinical depression is different.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.42,0:00:49.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a medical disorder,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.90,0:00:52.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it won't go away \Njust because you want it to.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.78,0:00:55.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It lingers for at least \Ntwo consecutive weeks,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.18,0:00:58.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and significantly interferes \Nwith one's ability to work,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.78,0:00:59.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,play,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.59,0:01:00.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or love.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.100,0:01:03.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Depression can have a lot\Nof different symptoms:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.28,0:01:04.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a low mood,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.28,0:01:06.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,loss of interest in things\Nyou'd normally enjoy,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.91,0:01:08.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,changes in appetite,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.48,0:01:10.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,feeling worthless or excessively guilty,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.84,0:01:13.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sleeping either too much or too little,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.53,0:01:15.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,poor concentration,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.36,0:01:17.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,restlessness or slowness,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.20,0:01:18.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,loss of energy,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.68,0:01:21.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or recurrent thoughts of suicide.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.22,0:01:23.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you have at least five\Nof those symptoms,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.46,0:01:25.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,according to psychiatric guidelines,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.44,0:01:28.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you qualify for a diagnosis of depression.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.92,0:01:31.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's not just behavioral symptoms.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.29,0:01:35.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Depression has physical manifestations\Ninside the brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.41,0:01:36.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First of all,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.51,0:01:39.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are changes that could be seen\Nwith the naked eye
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.09,0:01:40.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and x-ray vision.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.51,0:01:44.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These include smaller frontal lobes\Nad hippocampal volumes.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.78,0:01:46.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On a more microscale,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.87,0:01:49.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,depression is associated \Nwith a few things:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.35,0:01:53.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the abnormal transmission or depletion\Nof certain neurotransmitters,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.24,0:01:56.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially serotonin, norepinephrine,\Nand dopamine,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.87,0:01:58.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,blunted circadian rhythms,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.63,0:02:03.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or specific changes in the REM\Nand slow-wave parts of your sleep cycle,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.34,0:02:05.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and hormone abnormalities,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.30,0:02:10.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as high cortisol and deregulation\Nof thyroid hormones.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.19,0:02:12.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But neuroscientists still don't have\Na complete picture
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.95,0:02:15.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of what causes depression.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.10,0:02:20.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It seems to have to do with a complex\Ninteraction between genes and environment,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.08,0:02:21.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we don't have a diagnostic tool
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.84,0:02:26.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can accurately predict where\Nor when it will show up.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.11,0:02:28.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And because depression symptoms\Nare intangible,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.62,0:02:32.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's hard to know who might look fine\Nbut is actually struggling.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.47,0:02:34.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,According to the National Institute\Nof Mental Health,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.95,0:02:37.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it takes the average person\Nsuffering with a mental illness
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.85,0:02:41.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over ten years to ask for help.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.14,0:02:43.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there are very effective treatments.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.12,0:02:47.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Medications and therapy compliment\Neach other to boost brain chemicals.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.61,0:02:50.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In extreme cases,\Nelectroconvulsive therapy,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.63,0:02:53.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is like a controlled seizure\Nin the patient's brain,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.55,0:02:55.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is also very helpful.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.67,0:02:56.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Other promising treatments,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.99,0:02:59.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like transcranial magnetic stimulation,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.62,0:03:01.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are being investigated, too.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.80,0:03:04.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, if you know someone \Nstruggling with depression,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.40,0:03:08.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,encourage them gently to seek out\Nsome of these options.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.78,0:03:11.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You might even offer to help\Nwith specific tasks,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.18,0:03:13.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like looking up therapists in the area,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.29,0:03:16.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or making a list of questions\Nto ask a doctor.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.03,0:03:17.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To someone with depression,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.69,0:03:20.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these first steps can seem insurmountable.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.74,0:03:23.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If they feel guilty or ashamed,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.03,0:03:25.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,point out that depression \Nis a medical condition,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.59,0:03:27.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just like asthma or diabetes.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.64,0:03:30.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not a weakness \Nor a personality trait,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.27,0:03:33.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they shouldn't expect themselves\Nto just get over it
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.52,0:03:36.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,anymore than they could will themselves\Nto get over a broken arm.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.87,0:03:39.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you haven't experienced \Ndepression yourself,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.46,0:03:42.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,avoid comparing it to times\Nyou've felt down.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.80,0:03:46.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Comparing what they're experiencing\Nto normal, temporary feelings of sadness
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.98,0:03:49.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can make them feel guilty for struggling.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.60,0:03:52.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even just talking about \Ndepression openly can help.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.94,0:03:57.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, research shows that asking\Nsomeone about suicidal thoughts
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.32,0:03:59.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually reduces their suicide risk.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.81,0:04:03.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Open conversations about mental illness\Nhelp erode stigma
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.77,0:04:06.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and make it easier \Nfor people to ask for help.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.50,0:04:08.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the more patients seek treatment,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.29,0:04:10.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the more scientists will learn\Nabout depression,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.99,0:04:13.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the better the treatments will get.