0:00:01.470,0:00:07.010 In 1989 the Soviet empire started to collapse. 0:00:07.115,0:00:11.230 A historic victory. It could be that the Secret Committee of US 0:00:11.230,0:00:15.290 President Ronald Reagan contributed to it. 0:00:15.438,0:00:17.568 Herb Mayer, CIA vice-chief of Intelligence 0:00:17.678,0:00:20.488 - They stopped playing defense and began to play offense. 0:00:20.488,0:00:24.308 That was the great shift that changed the course of world history. 0:00:24.478,0:00:25.478 Thomas Reed, Special Questions Advisor 0:00:25.478,0:00:27.799 We could have brought them to their knees if we wanted. 0:00:27.799,0:00:30.199 Did the Committee in fact exist? 0:00:30.251,0:00:32.711 What methods did Reagan’s soldiers use? 0:00:33.539,0:00:35.359 John Lemann, the Minister of the US Navy 0:00:35.359,0:00:37.537 - The use of deception 0:00:37.537,0:00:40.257 could make it appear to the Soviets to be 20 feet tall. 0:00:43.607,0:00:44.877 Admiral James ‘Ace’ Lyons 0:00:44.927,0:00:48.947 - You have to go out and physically demonstrate... 0:00:49.237,0:00:53.497 For the first time, witnesses tell of those events. 0:00:53.735,0:00:54.822 Mathias Mossberg, the Secretary General 0:00:54.822,0:00:56.242 for 3d Submarine Investigation Board. 0:00:56.326,0:00:59.270 - They made fools of the Swedish parliament and government 0:00:59.270,0:01:04.280 as well as Swedish media. What world do we actually live in? 0:01:05.250,0:01:08.610 Deception: Reagan’s Method 0:01:08.749,0:01:13.049 A film by Dirk Polmann 0:01:13.257,0:01:15.227 Submarines against Olof Palme 0:01:15.369,0:01:19.556 The next target is a supposed neutral state in the North of Europe - 0:01:21.976,0:01:28.436 Sweden. Only the Baltic Sea separates it from the Soviet Union 0:01:28.718,0:01:29.608 Ula Tunander: 0:01:29.708,0:01:31.498 Sweden was actually extremely important 0:01:31.498,0:01:34.498 in case of a future World War. 0:01:34.728,0:01:38.208 Sweden was located northward of Germany 0:01:38.208,0:01:44.268 and was kind of an unsinkable aircraft-carrier 0:01:44.268,0:01:47.398 that the US could operate from. 0:01:48.729,0:01:53.639 Since 1960 Sweden had been integrated in plans of NATO militarization. 0:01:53.723,0:01:58.383 In the 1960's, Swedish Air Forces ranked 4th strongest in the world. 0:01:58.466,0:02:03.306 The US Army counted on Sweden’s secret loyalty to NATO. 0:02:03.494,0:02:04.514 Ula Tunander: 0:02:04.584,0:02:07.649 - Since 1960, Sweden was preparing to 0:02:07.649,0:02:10.224 receive US aircraft on its territory. 0:02:10.304,0:02:12.774 There was a direct phone line with 0:02:12.774,0:02:17.284 the headquarters of US Navy in Wiesbaden. 0:02:17.754,0:02:18.774 Ingemar Engman: 0:02:18.875,0:02:23.066 - We prepared airfields, on which the American jet airplanes 0:02:23.066,0:02:27.526 could have landed on their way eastwards. 0:02:28.206,0:02:33.376 The USA needed Sweden as an 'aircraft-carrier'. 0:02:33.457,0:02:38.747 And besides: the Soviet Union would be forced to fight on two fronts. 0:02:42.738,0:02:46.478 There’s an extremely conservative elite in the Swedish Army, 0:02:46.478,0:02:50.242 an economy and aristocracy[br]completely aligned with the USA 0:02:50.242,0:02:55.492 that treats social-democrats with deep mistrust. 0:02:56.716,0:02:57.746 Ula Fritjofson: 0:02:57.836,0:03:00.518 - In social-democratic Sweden it was perhaps 0:03:00.518,0:03:04.778 the most powerful social-democratic party in the world. 0:03:06.698,0:03:10.236 A charismatic leader, Olof Palme – 0:03:10.236,0:03:15.166 a man of indisputable international renoun. 0:03:15.260,0:03:18.210 A man who had enemies. 0:03:18.477,0:03:19.777 Ula Tunander: 0:03:19.851,0:03:22.413 - It was the social-democratic government of the country. 0:03:22.498,0:03:26.048 But there’re also ruling elites who shared quite different views. 0:03:26.131,0:03:28.980 They were closely related to the USA and Great Britain. 0:03:29.028,0:03:33.928 And this means that you have a divided Sweden. 0:03:33.938,0:03:36.781 Once I was invited for dinner with James Schlesinger - 0:03:36.781,0:03:41.278 the former US Secretary of Defense and Director of CIA. 0:03:41.278,0:03:44.969 I asked him what he thought of Sweden 0:03:44.969,0:03:47.609 at the time he had occupied his position. 0:03:47.609,0:03:51.070 And he asked me: ‘What Sweden? 0:03:51.070,0:03:54.138 The political Sweden or the military Sweden?’ 0:03:55.228,0:03:59.525 At the end of 60's, beginning of 70's, the Vietnam War 0:03:59.525,0:04:02.673 shook up the Western states[br]and deeply divided society. 0:04:02.673,0:04:07.203 Outraged youth organized demonstrations all over the world. 0:04:07.206,0:04:11.208 Olof Palme led demonstrations criticizing US policy 0:04:11.208,0:04:14.525 together with the North Vietnamese Ambassador. 0:04:14.525,0:04:15.893 The case is exactly one for the Committee. 0:04:15.893,0:04:18.603 In 1981 Palme is still the opposition leader 0:04:18.603,0:04:24.223 But a year later he wins the elections and has brilliant ratings. 0:04:24.223,0:04:28.822 Palme’s and Reagan’s plans are as much as fire and water. 0:04:28.822,0:04:33.544 However the Committee can use the preliminary work of the CIA. 0:04:33.545,0:04:36.217 Since 70's, the US Secret Service had been scheming 0:04:36.217,0:04:39.202 against Palme on Swedish territory. 0:04:39.202,0:04:43.532 Reagan and Casey knew: Palme [br]is considered to be a traitor 0:04:43.532,0:04:46.812 among Swedish security agencies. 0:04:46.945,0:04:51.505 Besides, important Swedish admirals are on their side. 0:04:53.234,0:04:54.304 John Lehman: 0:04:54.426,0:04:58.300 - Certainly there were efforts to see that the Swedish military 0:04:58.300,0:05:02.730 addressed the demands of NATO strategies and ideas, 0:05:02.730,0:05:06.240 and that Sweden had access to technologies 0:05:06.240,0:05:09.793 needed to defend their neutrality. 0:05:11.383,0:05:15.253 On the morning of October 28th, 1981 0:05:15.253,0:05:18.763 the Chief of Swedish Naval Staff in Karlsrona 0:05:18.763,0:05:22.143 receives an unexpected report: 0:05:22.248,0:05:25.668 Fishermen found a submarine washed ashore. 0:05:25.733,0:05:29.503 Commander Karl Andersson immediately heads there. 0:05:31.737,0:05:32.507 Karl Andersson: 0:05:32.617,0:05:36.845 - As soon as we called in at Gosefjerden I slowed down. 0:05:36.906,0:05:41.596 And suddenly I saw a black and green 0:05:41.596,0:05:46.235 Whiskey-class submarine 100 meters in front of me. 0:05:46.298,0:05:49.565 It was obviously a Russian submarine. 0:05:55.143,0:05:58.841 The highest rank aboard was the Chief of Brigade Staff 0:05:58.841,0:06:01.317 from the city of Baltiysk – Joseph Avrukevich. 0:06:01.402,0:06:04.542 He had navigated the submarine along quite a narrow fjord. 0:06:04.652,0:06:07.496 The commander Peter Gushchin was forced 0:06:07.496,0:06:09.486 to follow Avrukevich’s instructions. 0:06:10.739,0:06:11.519 Karl Andersson: 0:06:11.623,0:06:15.283 - I could never understand what kind of commander he was 0:06:15.283,0:06:18.318 or what the operation was meant to be. 0:06:18.368,0:06:21.258 I actually didn’t even think of that because 0:06:21.258,0:06:24.517 it was incredibly stupid to call in at Gosefjerden 0:06:24.517,0:06:26.997 since a submarine could run aground. 0:06:27.527,0:06:30.187 The submarine had been drifting for a long time 0:06:30.187,0:06:33.240 until Avrukevich, guided by a beacon, steered the submarine 0:06:33.240,0:06:37.800 into the fairway of the just 100[br]meter wide Gosefjerden. 0:06:38.210,0:06:39.280 Karl Andersson: 0:06:39.360,0:06:42.723 - They could hire a fishing boat under the guise 0:06:42.723,0:06:45.000 of a Swedish flag for that purpose. 0:06:45.000,0:06:47.772 But it was a very stupid decision 0:06:47.772,0:06:50.000 to call in there with a submarine. 0:06:51.114,0:06:55.259 The public will discover: the submarine was sent to spy. 0:06:55.259,0:06:58.721 In a fjord that it couldn’t submerge into, 0:06:58.721,0:07:01.541 since there was 1.5 m of water under the keel? 0:07:01.552,0:07:04.475 Anderson notes that the person who was responsible 0:07:04.475,0:07:07.445 for making decisions was the mysterious Chief of Staff Avrukevich. 0:07:07.445,0:07:10.764 He then received an order not to interrogate him. 0:07:11.386,0:07:12.256 Karl Andersson: 0:07:12.329,0:07:15.798 - Yes, I received this exact order. 0:07:15.798,0:07:19.499 I received orders to interrogate Gushchin only, 0:07:19.499,0:07:23.219 the watch officer, the signaler and the navigator. 0:07:23.219,0:07:29.477 I was prohibited from interrogating anyone else. 0:07:33.692,0:07:36.682 Swedish Naval Forces sent a diver under water. 0:07:36.682,0:07:41.302 Their footage is being officially shown[br]here for the first time ever. 0:07:42.674,0:07:44.744 They make a startling discovery. 0:07:44.831,0:07:50.251 A big sand dune formed behind the marine propeller. 0:07:51.262,0:07:52.525 Ula Tunander: 0:07:52.525,0:07:56.477 - In front of the propeller there was no sand dune. 0:07:56.477,0:07:59.405 That meant someone wanted the submarine 0:07:59.405,0:08:02.573 to run further against the rocks, to stay there. 0:08:03.264,0:08:06.580 And then it was turned around more than 50 degrees 0:08:06.580,0:08:10.168 so the submarine would really get stuckin the rocks 0:08:10.168,0:08:13.813 so it wouldn't slide off. 0:08:14.528,0:08:18.262 To sum up: A supposed spy submarine put into 0:08:18.262,0:08:21.735 the extremely narrow fjord, where[br]there's almost no water 0:08:21.735,0:08:26.135 under the keel and will sooner[br]or later run aground. 0:08:26.622,0:08:30.877 When it happened, the engines continued to work at full capacity. 0:08:30.877,0:08:33.438 The submarine crawled further[br]onto the rocks until it got stuck. 0:08:33.438,0:08:36.748 But one mustn't interrogate the officer 0:08:36.748,0:08:39.468 responsible for this insane operation. 0:08:39.768,0:08:42.698 ‘Whiskey on the rocks’ hit the headlines. 0:08:42.698,0:08:45.483 Sweden is shocked and indignant. 0:08:47.770,0:08:51.180 Olof Palme wins the elections in 1982. 0:08:51.180,0:08:53.693 He wants to achieve neutrality, disarmament 0:08:53.693,0:08:56.513 and nonalignment to the military blocs for Sweden. 0:08:57.580,0:09:03.130 Confrontation mitigation; but[br]Reagan wanted just the opposite. 0:09:03.906,0:09:07.486 Therefore the ‘Deception Committee’ begins to project 0:09:07.486,0:09:09.736 the operation of psychological warfare. 0:09:09.832,0:09:13.751 A pretense of reality that should return Sweden back on the course 0:09:13.751,0:09:17.241 that corresponds to the Reagan strategy. 0:09:20.483,0:09:25.023 Two weeks after Palme took office a submarine’s periscope 0:09:25.023,0:09:27.775 was detected at a Swedish naval base Muskö. 0:09:29.218,0:09:31.487 It could be – and everyone claimed they were: 0:09:31.487,0:09:34.757 only Soviet submarines after ‘Whiskey on the Rocks’. 0:09:35.471,0:09:36.591 Ula Tunander: 0:09:36.591,0:09:40.879 - They showed their periscopes and cone towers to the public. 0:09:40.949,0:09:44.779 A submarine's captain shouldn’t do that. 0:09:44.869,0:09:45.759 Mathias Mossberg: 0:09:45.840,0:09:48.163 - Why did they want to be seen? 0:09:48.243,0:09:51.513 To turn the trick. And they did that very well. 0:09:53.213,0:09:56.051 A few hours after the submarines had been detected, 0:09:56.051,0:09:58.551 the Swedish Naval Forces convene a press conference. 0:09:58.721,0:10:02.286 More than 750 journalists from all over the world report 0:10:02.286,0:10:05.450 on Swedish Naval Forces with arms ready in hand 0:10:05.450,0:10:08.760 but without success; hunt for the Soviet submarines. 0:10:09.739,0:10:13.269 Is it just a pretense for media? 0:10:14.495,0:10:17.760 In the following years, the hunt for submarines 0:10:17.760,0:10:19.630 repeats hundreds of times. 0:10:19.721,0:10:22.701 Foreign submarines are seen in front of the Royal Palace 0:10:22.702,0:10:25.762 and in front of summerhouses and naval bases. 0:10:25.857,0:10:29.457 While Palme negotiates with the Soviets on disarmament 0:10:29.457,0:10:32.485 and proposals of peace, Soviet Military Forces 0:10:32.485,0:10:34.335 apparently pretend to want it. 0:10:34.425,0:10:36.145 Moscow is confused. 0:10:36.226,0:10:38.806 No one has given such orders to their military. 0:10:38.905,0:10:41.475 Or are there self-ruling captains? 0:10:43.487,0:10:45.117 Palme protests 0:10:45.117,0:10:46.694 to the Soviet Ambassador again and again. 0:10:46.764,0:10:50.224 In the end the latter passes a proposal from the Kremlin. 0:10:50.435,0:10:52.545 Boris Pankin, the Soviet Ambassador to Sweden: 0:10:52.881,0:10:56.521 - If you think our submarines are there, you can bomb them. 0:10:56.578,0:10:58.568 But we know there are none, 0:10:58.568,0:11:00.758 that’s why we are not afraid of any bombing. 0:11:02.222,0:11:04.478 Endless, unsuccessful war against 0:11:04.478,0:11:07.468 the ghost submarines has its consequences. 0:11:13.482,0:11:14.542 Ulf Svenson: 0:11:14.545,0:11:17.781 - It was impossible for Palme to do anything alse 0:11:17.781,0:11:20.046 than to decisively blame the Russians. 0:11:20.756,0:11:25.786 It was difficult to ensure the policy of ‘common security’ 0:11:25.786,0:11:28.516 in relation to the communist states. 0:11:28.766,0:11:30.788 The leaders of Swedish Naval Forces 0:11:30.788,0:11:34.218 sunk not a single enemy submarine[br]but it successfully torpedoed 0:11:34.218,0:11:36.358 Palme’s ‘common security’ policy. 0:11:36.449,0:11:40.529 Without the Swedish media, this operation would fail. 0:11:40.750,0:11:42.080 Mathias Mossberg: 0:11:42.230,0:11:46.490 - The media were very much taking the lead 0:11:46.490,0:11:52.455 in blowing up this issue according to 0:11:52.455,0:11:58.511 the information they got from our militaries. 0:11:59.651,0:12:04.211 From 1981 to 1983, the number of Swedes 0:12:04.211,0:12:09.521 who felt there was a Soviet threat increased from 27% to 83%. 0:12:11.205,0:12:14.235 Boris Pankin, the Soviet Ambassador to Sweden: 0:12:14.451,0:12:17.781 - I would like to mention why it bothers me now. 0:12:17.945,0:12:22.471 It turned out that even in such an educated, Western-European state, 0:12:22.471,0:12:26.748 in such a bulwark of democracy, it was quite easy 0:12:26.748,0:12:33.348 to distract vast masses of people and brainwash[br]them, to zombify them. 0:12:33.492,0:12:36.527 Since 1983, three investigations 0:12:36.527,0:12:39.267 imto the submarines scam were carried out. 0:12:39.501,0:12:40.685 Mathias Mossberg: 0:12:40.685,0:12:44.101 - The first inquiry concluded that it was Soviet submarines. 0:12:44.101,0:12:47.447 The second concluded that this could not be proven. 0:12:47.447,0:12:50.450 Then a few years went by and an interview 0:12:50.450,0:12:57.486 came out with Caspar Weinberger, the US Secretary of Defense, 0:12:57.486,0:13:02.116 who clearly said that the US was involved in this. 0:13:02.474,0:13:03.764 Caspar Weinberger, the US Secretary of Defense: 0:13:03.848,0:13:07.282 - There was no direct insertion or testing of 0:13:07.282,0:13:11.382 Swedish defense without consultion, 0:13:11.382,0:13:13.792 when speaking of the agreement. 0:13:14.382,0:13:15.552 Keith Speed, the British Navy Minister: 0:13:15.599,0:13:17.800 - There were exercise attacks. 0:13:17.888,0:13:20.517 Could the submarines infiltrate their waters 0:13:20.517,0:13:23.135 and emerge at the port in Stockholm? 0:13:23.257,0:13:25.815 Well, that’s not quite the thing but something like that. 0:13:25.865,0:13:27.540 How far could we go? 0:13:27.588,0:13:29.207 During my administration, we had Oberon-class and Porpoise-class 0:13:29.207,0:13:32.339 diesel submarines for that purpose. 0:13:33.495,0:13:37.517 It's quite clear: Swedish Naval Forces’ leadership knew 0:13:37.517,0:13:41.677 NATO’s submarines were in Swedish territorial waters. 0:13:41.752,0:13:45.112 Why had they kept silent back then? 0:13:45.168,0:13:48.268 And what part had the Americans and British played? 0:13:51.496,0:13:52.765 Mathias Mossberg: 0:13:52.765,0:13:54.965 - Obviously we needed to go into the question again. 0:13:54.965,0:13:57.529 They instituted a new inquiry 0:13:57.529,0:13:59.939 and appointeded me as Secretary General. 0:14:00.461,0:14:04.284 Mossberg found a document in the Muskö naval base archives. 0:14:04.331,0:14:06.756 Several senior admirals were worried about 0:14:06.756,0:14:10.516 Weinberger’s statement and wanted to be prepared. 0:14:11.489,0:14:12.728 Mathias Mossberg: 0:14:12.761,0:14:18.686 - To the effect we had to coordinate our response to this. 0:14:18.765,0:14:23.859 I wanted to take a copy of this document. 0:14:24.979,0:14:26.785 But our military expert told us: 0:14:26.785,0:14:29.219 ‘You don’t need to do that. 0:14:29.219,0:14:34.535 We have this at the office in Stockholm’. 0:14:34.599,0:14:39.456 I believed him. When I came back to our office 0:14:39.456,0:14:43.496 it turned that we didn’t have this document at all. 0:14:43.686,0:14:46.758 And next time we went back to that archive 0:14:46.758,0:14:50.886 that particular document had disappeared. 0:14:51.416,0:14:55.486 So these were the kind of things we had to fight with. 0:14:56.002,0:14:58.492 The board faced resistance: 0:14:58.492,0:15:01.274 Access to the archives was denied and it discovered 0:15:01.274,0:15:03.556 that the military destroyed important evidence, 0:15:03.556,0:15:05.776 photographs and documents. 0:15:07.903,0:15:08.733 Mathias Mossberg: 0:15:08.733,0:15:12.233 - What we were dealing with was a certain group 0:15:12.233,0:15:16.523 that was not telling the government the full truth 0:15:16.523,0:15:26.466 about what they knew or had happened or was happening. 0:15:26.566,0:15:35.470 And they were taking decisions which had far-reaching implications 0:15:35.470,0:15:40.270 for Swedish defense and foreign policy. 0:15:40.390,0:15:45.310 They were decisions that were taken outside 0:15:45.310,0:15:49.868 the democratic framework of the Swedish government. 0:15:49.978,0:15:54.066 Then of course, you ask yourself where you are. 0:15:54.356,0:15:57.504 In a country, where the army conspired together with 0:15:57.504,0:16:01.164 a foreign power against its own Minister-President? 0:16:01.204,0:16:02.259 Mathias Mossberg: 0:16:02.259,0:16:04.455 - Sweden was taken for a ride. 0:16:04.455,0:16:06.495 Public opinion was taken for a ride, 0:16:06.495,0:16:09.475 Swedish parliament was taken for a ride, 0:16:09.475,0:16:14.465 Swedish government was taken for a ride,[br]the press was taken for a ride. 0:16:14.465,0:16:18.285 What sort of world are we actually living in? 0:16:18.745,0:16:22.185 In a world where Olof Palme was murdered. 0:16:22.189,0:16:25.329 The killer hasn’t been found yet. 0:16:26.246,0:16:27.734 Mikhail Gorbachev, The President of the USSR 0:16:27.734,0:16:32.954 -I’m sure it was a political killing. It was a contract killing… 0:16:33.045,0:16:39.335 I don’t think he was murdered for some domestic reasons… 0:16:40.517,0:16:43.567 - Why do you think it was a political killing? 0:16:43.567,0:16:48.272 Because this man and the things he was proposing... 0:16:48.743,0:16:53.152 Their implementation involved the interests 0:16:53.152,0:16:59.222 of groups who weren't particularly interested 0:16:59.222,0:17:01.562 in making world a better place.