[Script Info] Title: [Events] Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.63,0:00:02.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,在早先的视频里,我们介绍过 Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.09,0:00:04.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,如何用长度和方向 Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.10,0:00:06.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,来完全定义一个向量,两者缺一不可。 Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.88,0:00:08.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,在这里有一个已经被这样定义的向量。 Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.26,0:00:09.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我们已知它的长度 Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.88,0:00:12.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,等于3个单位长度。 Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.57,0:00:15.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,这两边的平行线, Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.19,0:00:17.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,看上去像双重绝对值的符号, Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.17,0:00:19.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,代表向量a的长度。 Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.09,0:00:23.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,这个式子相当于指定了 Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.15,0:00:26.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,图中箭头的长度为3个单位长度。 Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.20,0:00:27.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,与此同时我们还规定了它的方向。 Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.56,0:00:29.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,如图所示,这个向量的方向是 Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.61,0:00:32.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,相对正东方向逆时针旋转30°。 Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.27,0:00:34.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,在本视频中,我们将会介绍 Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.86,0:00:38.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,定义该向量的另一种方法。 Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.22,0:00:41.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,这是一种通过分量来定义向量的方法。 Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.05,0:00:42.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我们将关注 Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.53,0:00:44.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,这个向量的尾巴 Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.10,0:00:47.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,和头部, Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.30,0:00:50.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,考虑从它的尾巴走到头部, Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.45,0:00:53.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,横坐标x改变了多少? Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.99,0:00:55.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我们可以看出,x的变化量 Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.18,0:00:58.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,等于这条红线的长度。 Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.34,0:01:00.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我们的横坐标从这个值变成了这个值。 Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.98,0:01:05.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我们还要考虑纵坐标y的变化。 Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.37,0:01:07.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,假如我们从此处向上走到这里, Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.98,0:01:12.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,y方向的变化量就对应这条紫线的长度。 Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.31,0:01:13.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,让我们给它们做上标记。 Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.50,0:01:18.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,x的变化量记作Δx,y的变化量记作Δy。 Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.06,0:01:19.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,请设想一下, Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.92,0:01:22.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,假如有人告诉了你Δx和Δy, Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.78,0:01:25.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,你应该可以相应重建出这个向量: Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.39,0:01:27.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,从这里出发,先改变x, Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.49,0:01:31.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,再改变y,得到向量的头部 Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.20,0:01:34.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,相对尾部的位置。 Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.74,0:01:38.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我们相应将上述定义记作: Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.80,0:01:42.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,向量a,等于,写上两个括号, Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.87,0:01:46.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,在括号中填入Δx,逗号,Δy。 Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.29,0:01:47.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,对图中的这个向量而言, Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.78,0:01:50.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,更具体地说, Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.34,0:01:53.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我们已知它的长度为3。 Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.55,0:01:55.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,它的长度为3。 Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.54,0:01:58.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我们还知道这条线处于水平方向, Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.35,0:02:00.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,而这条线处于竖直方向。 Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.29,0:02:02.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,此处是一个直角。 Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.42,0:02:05.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,于是我们可以使用以往的几何知识。 Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.17,0:02:08.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,别担心,有必要的话你可以复习一下。 Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.02,0:02:09.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我们可以使用一点几何, Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.62,0:02:11.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,或者三角学知识: Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.49,0:02:13.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我们已知这个角的大小, Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.61,0:02:17.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,以及斜边的长度,那么与30°角 Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.21,0:02:20.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,相对的边的长度就等于斜边的一半, Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.18,0:02:22.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,也就是3/2。 Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.02,0:02:24.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.20,0:02:26.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.96,0:02:31.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.08,0:02:33.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.98,0:02:37.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.68,0:02:42.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.42,0:02:43.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.82,0:02:47.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.26,0:02:48.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.58,0:02:50.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.30,0:02:51.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.97,0:02:54.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.61,0:02:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.00,0:03:00.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.86,0:03:04.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.67,0:03:07.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.47,0:03:10.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.18,0:03:12.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.20,0:03:13.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.84,0:03:15.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.59,0:03:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.00,0:03:21.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.44,0:03:26.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.07,0:03:28.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.48,0:03:30.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.88,0:03:34.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.79,0:03:39.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.20,0:03:43.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.52,0:03:46.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.26,0:03:49.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.38,0:03:51.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.41,0:03:53.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.03,0:03:55.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.46,0:04:00.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.80,0:04:03.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.98,0:04:07.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.23,0:04:08.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.97,0:04:12.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.85,0:04:17.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.58,0:04:20.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.59,0:04:21.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.98,0:04:24.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.26,0:04:26.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.76,0:04:28.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.76,0:04:30.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.41,0:04:32.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.38,0:04:34.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.51,0:04:39.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.37,0:04:42.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.42,0:04:43.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.87,0:04:46.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.11,0:04:49.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.50,0:04:52.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.13,0:04:53.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.41,0:04:55.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.60,0:04:58.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.69,0:05:02.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.77,0:05:05.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.36,0:05:06.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.54,0:05:08.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.95,0:05:10.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.20,0:05:12.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,, Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.35,0:05:15.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,