WEBVTT 00:00:00.038 --> 00:00:02.948 [Music]. (University of London International Programmes) 00:00:09.120 --> 00:00:13.087 (The Camera Never Lies - The Use of Images - Part 2) 00:00:13.839 --> 00:00:18.601 [Dr Emmett Sullivan] Now I mentioned earlier that as part of our course doing history 00:00:18.601 --> 00:00:21.237 we'd consider aspects of the built environment. 00:00:21.252 --> 00:00:27.104 So as well as images and photographs of different types, we can also start 00:00:27.104 --> 00:00:31.001 thinking about considering buildings, monuments, memorials. 00:00:31.616 --> 00:00:38.718 Anyone who spent time walking along the Vietnam Memorial in Washington, D.C., 00:00:38.718 --> 00:00:42.281 it's very striking, it's very somber. 00:00:42.281 --> 00:00:46.894 And is of a very different nature to many of the other memorials 00:00:46.894 --> 00:00:49.359 that you will see in and around Washington, 00:00:49.359 --> 00:00:53.124 particularly the more recent Second World War memorial, 00:00:53.124 --> 00:00:55.439 which might be taken more of a celebration. 00:00:55.920 --> 00:01:01.566 So, we can also make judgments about the nature of events 00:01:01.566 --> 00:01:05.742 by the way that they are memorialized, and the way that they are depicted through time. 00:01:06.080 --> 00:01:13.456 Now, one consideration is how certain images become recurring. 00:01:13.936 --> 00:01:17.105 And what I have here is - and if you'll forgive me a second - 00:01:17.546 --> 00:01:24.545 is the Eugene Delacroix' portrait or picture of Liberty leading the line, so to speak. 00:01:25.056 --> 00:01:27.384 This comes from the French Revolution, 00:01:27.384 --> 00:01:34.366 it's painted nearly 40 years after the event and very clearly embodies the idea 00:01:34.366 --> 00:01:42.208 that everyone is involved in the Revolution, including this stylized view of Truth and Justice 00:01:42.208 --> 00:01:46.022 through the body of a woman holding the French flag 00:01:46.414 --> 00:01:53.125 And something that will be familiar to millions upon million of tourists into New York, 00:01:53.125 --> 00:01:55.602 which is the statue of Liberty. 00:01:55.602 --> 00:02:00.562 Again, a gift on the 100 years of independence of the United States 00:02:00.562 --> 00:02:08.132 and another embodiment, through the female form of Truth and Justice and Liberty. 00:02:08.756 --> 00:02:11.990 Now those come from two Western traditions 00:02:11.990 --> 00:02:17.064 and are celebrating revolution and in a positive way. 00:02:17.518 --> 00:02:21.709 Let's consider something that happened in 1989 00:02:21.993 --> 00:02:30.262 and is, again, an image that looks reasonably innocuous at this point in time. 00:02:30.927 --> 00:02:33.145 This is the Goddess of Democracy. 00:02:33.872 --> 00:02:40.606 This is built by students, in China, in 1989, in Tiananmen Square. 00:02:42.141 --> 00:02:45.226 Now from what was intended as a peaceful protest 00:02:45.764 --> 00:02:49.361 we don't think so much of this particular image, 00:02:49.361 --> 00:02:53.631 although we can see some lineage and some continuation of the general themes 00:02:53.631 --> 00:03:01.049 of the purer forms of society coming in a non male package so to speak. ///// 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 It's a slightly odd way of putting it but just consider it in those terms. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Yet the photographer that took this photograph is much more famous for taking this one. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And this can be taken several days apart. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 But this an image of oppression, this is an image of courage 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and this is an image of determination, hope. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 In the fir, in the face of might beyond understanding. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So here we have an issue where it doesn't take too long for one theme of linking different images through history 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to become immediately changed into something else. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Same photographer, same event, very, very different resonance. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 (University of London International Programmes)