1 00:00:00,038 --> 00:00:02,948 [Music]. (University of London International Programmes) 2 00:00:09,120 --> 00:00:13,087 (The Camera Never Lies - The Use of Images - Part 2) 3 00:00:13,839 --> 00:00:18,601 [Dr Emmett Sullivan] Now I mentioned earlier that as part of our course doing history 4 00:00:18,601 --> 00:00:21,237 we'd consider aspects of the built environment. 5 00:00:21,252 --> 00:00:27,104 So as well as images and photographs of different types, we can also start 6 00:00:27,104 --> 00:00:31,001 thinking about considering buildings, monuments, memorials. 7 00:00:31,616 --> 00:00:38,718 Anyone who spent time walking along the Vietnam Memorial in Washington, D.C., 8 00:00:38,718 --> 00:00:42,281 it's very striking, it's very somber. 9 00:00:42,281 --> 00:00:46,894 And is of a very different nature to many of the other memorials 10 00:00:46,894 --> 00:00:49,359 that you will see in and around Washington, 11 00:00:49,359 --> 00:00:53,124 particularly the more recent Second World War memorial, 12 00:00:53,124 --> 00:00:55,439 which might be taken more of a celebration. 13 00:00:55,920 --> 00:01:01,566 So, we can also make judgments about the nature of events 14 00:01:01,566 --> 00:01:05,742 by the way that they are memorialized, and the way that they are depicted through time. 15 00:01:06,080 --> 00:01:13,456 Now, one consideration is how certain images become recurring. 16 00:01:13,936 --> 00:01:17,105 And what I have here is - and if you'll forgive me a second - 17 00:01:17,546 --> 00:01:24,545 is the Eugene Delacroix' portrait or picture of Liberty leading the line, so to speak. 18 00:01:25,056 --> 00:01:27,384 This comes from the French Revolution, 19 00:01:27,384 --> 00:01:34,366 it's painted nearly 40 years after the event and very clearly embodies the idea 20 00:01:34,366 --> 00:01:42,208 that everyone is involved in the Revolution, including this stylized view of Truth and Justice 21 00:01:42,208 --> 00:01:46,022 through the body of a woman holding the French flag 22 00:01:46,414 --> 00:01:53,125 And something that will be familiar to millions upon million of tourists into New York, 23 00:01:53,125 --> 00:01:55,602 which is the statue of Liberty. 24 00:01:55,602 --> 00:02:00,562 Again, a gift on the 100 years of independence of the United States 25 00:02:00,562 --> 00:02:08,132 and another embodiment, through the female form of Truth and Justice and Liberty. 26 00:02:08,756 --> 00:02:11,990 Now those come from two Western traditions 27 00:02:11,990 --> 00:02:17,064 and are celebrating revolution and in a positive way. 28 00:02:17,518 --> 00:02:21,709 Let's consider something that happened in 1989 29 00:02:21,993 --> 00:02:30,262 and is, again, an image that looks reasonably innocuous at this point in time. 30 00:02:30,927 --> 00:02:33,145 This is the Goddess of Democracy. 31 00:02:33,872 --> 00:02:40,606 This is built by students, in China, in 1989, in Tiananmen Square. 32 00:02:42,141 --> 00:02:45,226 Now from what was intended as a peaceful protest 33 00:02:45,764 --> 00:02:49,361 we don't think so much of this particular image, 34 00:02:49,361 --> 00:02:53,631 although we can see some lineage and some continuation of the general themes 35 00:02:53,631 --> 00:03:01,049 of the purer forms of society coming in a non male package so to speak. ///// 36 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 It's a slightly odd way of putting it but just consider it in those terms. 37 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Yet the photographer that took this photograph is much more famous for taking this one. 38 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 And this can be taken several days apart. 39 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 But this an image of oppression, this is an image of courage 40 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 and this is an image of determination, hope. 41 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 In the fir, in the face of might beyond understanding. 42 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 So here we have an issue where it doesn't take too long for one theme of linking different images through history 43 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 to become immediately changed into something else. 44 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Same photographer, same event, very, very different resonance. 45 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 (University of London International Programmes)