[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.00,0:00:00.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[BIRDS CHIRPING]
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.96,0:00:03.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.86,0:00:06.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[BELLS RINGING]
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.27,0:00:12.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.06,0:00:14.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was a time like no other.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.20,0:00:18.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.85,0:00:22.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A time when human\Nvision changed focus.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.92,0:00:25.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[CHANTING]
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.66,0:00:28.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the world was viewed\Nfrom new perspectives.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.15,0:00:32.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.30,0:00:35.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From out of the dark\Nages came enlightenment.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.01,0:00:39.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.36,0:00:55.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From out of the darkness--\Nlight, color, dimension, depth,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.92,0:00:56.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,invention.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.42,0:00:59.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.39,0:01:06.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was a time when the writer\Nlent words to the scientist;
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.90,0:01:10.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the mathematician gave\Nproportion to the artist.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.26,0:01:14.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.94,0:01:24.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was the Renaissance--\Nthe rebirth--
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.68,0:01:28.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a time when science fueled art.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.75,0:01:31.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And art launched\Nthe imagination.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.03,0:01:34.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.10,0:01:41.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And behind it all, were\Nthe Renaissance men-- many
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.29,0:01:45.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,well known; others,\Nunsung heroes
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.87,0:01:51.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who still touch our lives more\Nthan 500 years later-- unsung
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.68,0:01:53.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,heroes like Luca Pacioli.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.73,0:01:57.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.29,0:01:59.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most of us don't know who he is.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.37,0:02:03.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But all of us depend\Non what he's given us.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.98,0:02:08.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He's the father of\Naccounting as we know it.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.58,0:02:12.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The unsung hero of\Nthe Renaissance.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.34,0:02:14.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is his story.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.55,0:02:17.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[MUSIC PLAYING]
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.46,0:02:21.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.82,0:02:24.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[CHURCH BELLS ]
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.25,0:02:26.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To understand who\NLuca Pacioli is,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.70,0:02:30.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,understand where he came from--\Nhere, where his life began over
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.94,0:02:47.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,500 years ago, in the\NItalian province of Tuscany,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.42,0:02:49.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the small quiet\Ntown of Sansepolcro.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.68,0:02:52.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.44,0:02:56.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, there are adding\Nmachines in Sansepolcro,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.65,0:02:58.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fax machines, computers.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.76,0:03:01.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.32,0:03:05.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But back in 1445 when\NLuca Bartolomeo Pacioli
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.37,0:03:09.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was born here, accounting was\Nneither an art nor a science.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.51,0:03:13.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But Pacioli's destiny\Nwas to make it both.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.07,0:03:16.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As a child, Luca Pacioli played\Non these same cobblestone
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.43,0:03:22.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,streets that we walk on today--\Nperhaps right here, where
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.03,0:03:23.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this plaque now honors him.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.46,0:03:28.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.74,0:03:30.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[ROOSTER CROWING]
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.18,0:03:35.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,His family was poor,\Nhis future predictably
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.03,0:03:41.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unpromising-- until the boy grew\Ninto a young man, determined
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.61,0:03:42.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to redirect his life.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.76,0:03:48.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.45,0:03:50.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Little did he know--\Ndid anyone know--
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.80,0:03:52.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that this young man\Nwould one day alter
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.54,0:03:56.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the course of global\Neconomic history.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.04,0:03:58.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The cultural renaissance\Nof Luca Pacioli's time
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.63,0:04:01.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was fueled by an\Neconomic renaissance.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.61,0:04:02.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Business was booming.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.81,0:04:05.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this allowed the\Narts to flourish.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.31,0:04:07.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Luca saw this\Nconnection and realizes
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.27,0:04:10.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if the two were to be taken\Nbeyond Renaissance Italy,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.81,0:04:13.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the mechanisms\Nof commerce had
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.06,0:04:15.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be put to paper,\Ntaken to Europe,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.88,0:04:17.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,taken to the rest of the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.77,0:04:20.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This was Luca's\NPacioli's contribution.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.95,0:04:24.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Luca Pacioli was an important\Nfigure in the Renaissance,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.30,0:04:27.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and his life and work\Nunderlines the essential
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.61,0:04:30.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,inter-relationship between\Nart, business, and science
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.94,0:04:32.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of his time.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.37,0:04:34.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Without this relationship,\Nthe Renaissance
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.49,0:04:36.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could not have taken place.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.45,0:04:40.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The success of the personal\Ncomputer industry and Microsoft
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.90,0:04:43.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is based on the spreadsheet.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.25,0:04:46.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the spreadsheet\Nis a direct evolution
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.34,0:04:52.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the double-entry system,\Npublished by Luca Pacioli.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.11,0:04:53.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the time of\NPacioli's youth, it
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.74,0:04:56.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was uncommon for anyone but\Nthe wealthy or the noble
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.39,0:04:59.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to continue their education\Nbeyond the age of 16.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.63,0:05:04.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So Pacioli did what was expected\Nof him, but not for long.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.64,0:05:07.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the Franciscan\Nmonastery in Sansepolcro,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.60,0:05:10.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he took his religious\Nand mercantile training
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.25,0:05:10.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the friars.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.92,0:05:13.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.56,0:05:16.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then he was apprenticed\Nto a local businessman,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.10,0:05:18.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as most young men were.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.96,0:05:24.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's when Pacioli decided\Nto take a different path, one
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.49,0:05:31.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that brought him closer to the\Nsubject he loved-- mathematics.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.28,0:05:35.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've been interested in\Nthe science and theology
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.08,0:05:39.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of mathematics for as\Nlong as I can remember.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.58,0:05:41.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was this interest\Nthat lead Pacioli
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.65,0:05:44.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to abandon his\Napprenticeship and take
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.12,0:05:47.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a bold step in a new direction,\Na step that would change
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.56,0:05:51.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,his life and work forever.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.30,0:05:54.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pacioli was invited to study\Nwith the renowned early
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.21,0:05:57.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Renaissance painter,\NPiero della Francesca,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.80,0:06:01.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,right here in Sansepolcro.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.22,0:06:04.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[MUSIC PLAYING]
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.72,0:06:06.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.67,0:06:10.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Piero was more than 25\Nyears older than Pacioli.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.92,0:06:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yet he saw great\Npromise in the boy.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.00,0:06:17.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Pacioli saw\Nhis mentor as one
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.24,0:06:19.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who could unlock doors of\Nknowledge and experience
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.73,0:06:23.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that might otherwise\Nstay closed to him.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.06,0:06:27.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To get on in life, make your\Nfriends among older persons,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.76,0:06:30.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for only they are in\Nvalue of placing you
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.55,0:06:33.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,among people of consequence.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.81,0:06:37.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Piero della Francesca was\Na Latin scholar, a poet,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.89,0:06:40.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a cosmographer.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.76,0:06:43.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He wrote books on\Nperspective and form,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.81,0:06:46.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dabbled in architecture.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.18,0:06:49.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And his paintings--\Nhis frescoes--
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.79,0:06:52.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were a marvel of\Ntone and mathematics,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.99,0:06:55.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with heads and limbs as\Nvariations of geometric
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.80,0:07:01.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,shapes-- cones,\Nspheres, cylinders.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.67,0:07:04.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A brilliant\Nmathematician, Francesca
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.09,0:07:06.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,shared all he knew about\Nthe art of the science
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.59,0:07:09.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the young Luca Pacioli.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.63,0:07:14.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Piero introduced Pacioli to\Nhis work and to his friends.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.99,0:07:15.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Grazie.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.84,0:07:18.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Salute.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.27,0:07:20.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's how one learned\Nin Pacioli's time.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.12,0:07:23.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.71,0:07:25.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Together, the teacher\Nand his student
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.98,0:07:28.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,traveled over the rugged\NAppennine Mountains
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.47,0:07:33.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the spectacular library\Nof Duke Federico of Urbino.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.54,0:07:36.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pacioli was as impressed by\Nhis travels to the library
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.87,0:07:40.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as he was by the more\Nthan 4,000 books in it.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.59,0:07:43.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the friendship he\Ndeveloped with the Duke's son,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.56,0:07:45.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Guidobaldo, was\None that prompted
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.89,0:07:48.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pacioli to later dedicate\Nhis most famous treatise
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.94,0:07:51.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the young duke.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.56,0:07:54.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was Piero della Francesca,\Nthe king of painting,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.65,0:07:58.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who introduced me to\NFederico, Duke of Urbino;
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.05,0:08:02.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,his son, Guidobaldo; and\Ntheir magnificent library.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.80,0:08:06.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it was to Piero that\NI first developed the idea
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.04,0:08:09.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to bring mathematics\Nout of the library
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.18,0:08:11.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to put it into\Npractical daily use.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.69,0:08:15.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.93,0:08:19.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Exchanging ideas,\Nsharing information,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.24,0:08:21.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and making introductions\Nis what shaped
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.02,0:08:24.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the lives of the Renaissance\Nmen, including Pacioli.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.78,0:08:28.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.19,0:08:30.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The next important introduction\NPiero della Francesca
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.89,0:08:34.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gave young Luca Pacioli was to\Nthe early Renaissance writer
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.32,0:08:36.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and architect, Leon Battista.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.42,0:08:39.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Alberti-- a new\Nmentor and teacher,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.74,0:08:42.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who opened yet another\Ndoor for Pacioli,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.74,0:08:45.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a door that led\Nout of Sansepolcro,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.06,0:08:46.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the glory of Venice.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.94,0:08:49.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[MUSIC PLAYING]
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.88,0:08:54.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.30,0:08:58.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Leon Battista Alberti was\Na writer and an architect,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.92,0:09:03.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an artist and a\Nscientist, author
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.02,0:09:06.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of famous treatises on\Nsculpture, painting,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.05,0:09:07.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and architecture.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.38,0:09:09.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Alberti believed in the\Nreligious significance
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.88,0:09:11.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of numerical ratios.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.92,0:09:15.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What he called the "God-given\Nvalidity of mathematically
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.58,0:09:19.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,determined proportions," which\Nhe applied to his own work,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.88,0:09:24.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,proportions that shaped\Nthe columns, arches,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.24,0:09:27.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,foundations of the Renaissance.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.66,0:09:29.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was Leon Battista\NAlberti that
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.56,0:09:32.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,arranged for Pacioli's\Nfirst teaching assignment,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.93,0:09:35.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over there on the\Nisland of Guidecca,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.06,0:09:37.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the home of a wealthy\NVenetian businessman, Ser
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.57,0:09:43.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Antonio de Rompiasi, where\Nthe young Pacioli was to tutor
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.07,0:09:46.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the three Rompiasi boys.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.44,0:09:49.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Within their paternal\Nand fraternal shadow,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.79,0:09:51.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I found shelter in their house.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.92,0:09:54.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.81,0:09:57.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Venice, Pacioli\Ndivided his time
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.48,0:09:59.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between tutoring\Nthe [? Rompiasis ?],
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.96,0:10:03.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,teaching, and studying\Nmathematics with a scholar
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.62,0:10:06.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Domenico Bragadino.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.93,0:10:09.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He also visited a\Nuniversity environment
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.35,0:10:14.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the first time, the\Nuniversity of Padua.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.45,0:10:16.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All the influences\Nin his life now
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.63,0:10:19.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,came together as the\N20-year-old Pacioli
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.54,0:10:22.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wrote his first\Nmanuscript on algebra,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.58,0:10:25.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dedicated to his first students\Nin Venice, the Rompiasi
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.92,0:10:28.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,brothers.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.07,0:10:31.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when the elder\NRompiasi died in 1470,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.69,0:10:35.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pacioli left Venice to rejoin\Nhis aging mentor, Leon Battista
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.62,0:10:36.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Alberti.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.16,0:10:39.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The two soon moved to Rome,\Nwhere Alberti introduced
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.71,0:10:44.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,his young protege to a most\Nimportant man-- Pope Paul
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.46,0:10:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,II, who encouraged Luca\NPaciolo to take the cloth.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.00,0:10:52.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Alberti also encouraged\NPacioli to take his work
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.39,0:10:54.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the workplace.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.67,0:10:58.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Leon Battista Alberti urged me\Nto bring my work to more people
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.35,0:11:03.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by writing in Italian-- to\Napply my mathematical concepts
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.49,0:11:06.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and techniques to\Nthe marketplace,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:06.41,0:11:08.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to write in the\Nmore common Italian
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.98,0:11:14.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so every man can understand what\Nis in the mathematician's mind.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.83,0:11:16.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Per te, padre.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.74,0:11:17.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Grazie.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.93,0:11:18.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Prego.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.77,0:11:23.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so the boy Pacioli grew\Ninto a man with a strong desire
Dialogue: 0,0:11:23.64,0:11:28.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to teach and the belief\Nthat mathematics, art,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.66,0:11:33.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and architecture are visible\Nexamples of divine proportion,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.39,0:11:34.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,divinely inspired.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.25,0:11:36.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[CHANTING]
Dialogue: 0,0:11:36.27,0:11:37.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:37.56,0:11:41.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when his friend, Leon\NBattista Alberti, died in 1472,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.97,0:11:45.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pacioli took the\NPope's suggestion
Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.38,0:11:48.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and took the vows of\Nthe Franciscan order.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.22,0:11:52.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So Luca Pacioli, the\Nmathematician, became a monk.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.87,0:11:55.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:55.46,0:11:57.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is the purpose\Nof every merchant
Dialogue: 0,0:11:57.93,0:12:00.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make an honest and\Na legitimate profit
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.16,0:12:03.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for his living.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:03.65,0:12:06.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, wherefore,\Nthey must begin will
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.29,0:12:09.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their transactions\Nin the name of God,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:09.46,0:12:13.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and put his holy name\Non every account.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.20,0:12:20.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"A sue laude et gloria," for\Nthe praise and the glory of God.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.72,0:12:24.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1475, Pacioli, the monk\Nand the mathematician,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:24.86,0:12:27.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,became the teacher\Nand the scholar,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:27.08,0:12:29.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the first lecturer to hold\Na chair in mathematics
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.67,0:12:31.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the University in Perugia.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.75,0:12:33.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pacioli stressed again\Nand again the importance
Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.92,0:12:36.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of putting theory\Nto practical use,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.07,0:12:39.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a principle that would guide\Nhis life and his teachings.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.52,0:12:41.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pacioli's emphasis on\Nthe application of theory
Dialogue: 0,0:12:41.88,0:12:43.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,made him unique among his peers.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.63,0:12:46.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.18,0:12:49.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Travelling and teaching\Nfor the next two decades,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:49.26,0:12:53.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pacioli became the 15th century\Nequivalent of a full professor.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:53.53,0:12:56.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While delivering lectures,\Nmeeting with popes,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:56.83,0:13:00.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,writing manuscripts,\Nand taking time out
Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.03,0:13:04.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to pose for portraits like Piero\Ndella Francesca's "The Madonna
Dialogue: 0,0:13:04.17,0:13:06.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the Egg."
Dialogue: 0,0:13:06.85,0:13:11.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By the time he was 49 years old,\NPacioli-- the mathematician,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:11.21,0:13:14.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,monk, teacher,\Nscholar, and author--
Dialogue: 0,0:13:14.06,0:13:17.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would also become a celebrity.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.33,0:13:19.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With the publication\Nof his Summa,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:19.35,0:13:22.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pacioli's place as a\Nmajor intellectual figure
Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.33,0:13:25.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the Renaissance\Nwas guaranteed.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:25.60,0:13:27.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Summa was so\Nimportant, it was
Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.49,0:13:29.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one of the first\Ndocuments chosen
Dialogue: 0,0:13:29.19,0:13:34.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for printing here in Venice\Nby the new Gutenberg Press.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:34.09,0:13:36.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, nearly five\Ncenturies later,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:36.61,0:13:40.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Gutenberg-printed Summa\Nretains its color, texture,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:40.92,0:13:43.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and clarity.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:43.59,0:13:47.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Its full title speaks of\Na book about mathematics--
Dialogue: 0,0:13:47.25,0:13:50.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the collected knowledge\Nof arithmetic, geometry,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:50.54,0:13:53.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,proportions, and\Nproportionality.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.58,0:13:56.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But just one small\Nsection within the book
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.47,0:14:01.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is what changed the future of\Nbusiness and economics forever.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:01.08,0:14:03.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the section that\Nearned Pacioli the title,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:03.73,0:14:06.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,father of accounting.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.61,0:14:09.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Through the Summa, Pacioli\Nbecame the catalyst
Dialogue: 0,0:14:09.86,0:14:13.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that launched the\Npast into the future,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:13.46,0:14:16.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lifting the curtain on the\Neconomics of the dark age
Dialogue: 0,0:14:16.93,0:14:20.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and lighting the way to\Nunprecedented economic growth
Dialogue: 0,0:14:20.27,0:14:22.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and change.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:22.43,0:14:24.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What Pacioli\Nexplains in the Summa
Dialogue: 0,0:14:24.81,0:14:27.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is how to use double-entry\Naccounting to record business
Dialogue: 0,0:14:27.49,0:14:28.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,transactions.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.97,0:14:31.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Venetian or\Ndouble-entry method
Dialogue: 0,0:14:31.16,0:14:33.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,may seem commonplace today.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:33.20,0:14:38.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But when Pacioli presented\Nit, it was state of the art.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:38.19,0:14:44.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Assets equal liabilities\Nplus owner's equity--
Dialogue: 0,0:14:44.13,0:14:47.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a simple equation\Nand yet the essence
Dialogue: 0,0:14:47.22,0:14:48.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of double-entry accounting.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:48.40,0:14:51.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:51.65,0:14:53.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Carried and copied\Nthrough the centuries,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:53.91,0:14:57.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Summa was translated\Ninto Dutch, German, French,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:57.63,0:15:01.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,English, and Russian.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:01.01,0:15:03.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Summa has been a\Ntextbook for teachers,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:03.97,0:15:06.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a manual for merchants.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:06.34,0:15:08.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's been hailed\Nas a masterpiece
Dialogue: 0,0:15:08.62,0:15:12.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by students of business,\Ngeometry, and proportion,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:12.33,0:15:15.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and considered by some\Nto be the most widely
Dialogue: 0,0:15:15.09,0:15:19.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,read mathematical\Nwork in all of Italy--
Dialogue: 0,0:15:19.54,0:15:22.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but not just for the\Nmathematics of contains.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:22.94,0:15:25.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For the Summa is\Nalso a compendium
Dialogue: 0,0:15:25.11,0:15:28.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of common business sense.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:28.92,0:15:32.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From my association with\Nmerchants in various places,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:32.64,0:15:35.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have learned three\Nthings necessary to make
Dialogue: 0,0:15:35.42,0:15:38.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a merchant successful.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:38.53,0:15:42.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first and most\Nimportant is cash.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:42.44,0:15:45.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But when merchants\Ndo not possess cash,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:45.53,0:15:48.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they resort to the\Nuse of credit--
Dialogue: 0,0:15:48.21,0:15:52.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,doing business on the\Nbasis of good faith.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:52.23,0:15:55.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Second, it is necessary\Nfor a merchant
Dialogue: 0,0:15:55.45,0:15:58.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be a ready mathematician.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:58.38,0:16:02.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, third, a merchant\Nmust be a good bookkeeper--
Dialogue: 0,0:16:02.26,0:16:05.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to keep his affairs\Nin an orderly way,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:05.76,0:16:09.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because where there is no\Norder, there is confusion.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:09.03,0:16:13.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:13.65,0:16:16.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After the Summa was\Npublished, one artist
Dialogue: 0,0:16:16.24,0:16:18.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was so impressed\Nby it, he requested
Dialogue: 0,0:16:18.35,0:16:21.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pacioli tutor him in\Nmathematics and proportion
Dialogue: 0,0:16:21.80,0:16:25.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,here at the Court of Milan.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:25.07,0:16:30.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That artist was\NLeonardo da Vinci.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:30.29,0:16:33.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And during the time Leonardo\Nand Pacioli were together,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:33.78,0:16:37.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,two works of art\Nbecame masterpieces.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:37.48,0:16:40.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of those was De\NDivina Proportione--
Dialogue: 0,0:16:40.83,0:16:44.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of divine proportions--\Nthe second major treatise
Dialogue: 0,0:16:44.02,0:16:47.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on mathematics written\Nby Luca Pacioli
Dialogue: 0,0:16:47.13,0:16:51.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and illustrated by\NLeonardo da Vinci.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:51.83,0:16:54.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The order and\Nfigure of this book,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:54.20,0:16:55.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,together with all\Nthe other bodies,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:55.98,0:16:59.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are from the hand of our\Ncompatriot, Leonardo da
Dialogue: 0,0:16:59.06,0:17:03.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Vinci of Florence, whose\Ndesigns and figures
Dialogue: 0,0:17:03.46,0:17:07.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no man could ever surpass.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:07.01,0:17:10.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The second masterpiece completed\Nduring Leonardo and Pacioli's
Dialogue: 0,0:17:10.48,0:17:13.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,collaboration was\Na mural painted
Dialogue: 0,0:17:13.10,0:17:15.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the north wall of the\Nrefectory of Santa Maria della
Dialogue: 0,0:17:15.57,0:17:19.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Grazie, a Dominican\Ncloister here in Milan.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:19.15,0:17:24.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was to become the most famous\Npainting of the 15th century,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:24.88,0:17:29.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Last Supper by Leonardo da\NVinci, a work that embellished
Dialogue: 0,0:17:29.65,0:17:32.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the advances in\Nperspective and proportion
Dialogue: 0,0:17:32.83,0:17:36.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pacioli wrote about\Nin his Summa, advances
Dialogue: 0,0:17:36.17,0:17:39.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that he shared with Leonardo.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:39.67,0:17:42.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pacioli's name is mentioned\Nfrequently in Leonardo's notes.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:42.58,0:17:45.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:45.51,0:17:49.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While living in Milan, here\Nin the monastery of San
Dialogue: 0,0:17:49.28,0:17:52.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Simpliciano, Pacioli had\Na substantial influence
Dialogue: 0,0:17:52.25,0:17:57.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the divine geometry Leonardo\Nwas known for, especially
Dialogue: 0,0:17:57.52,0:17:59.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in The Last Supper.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:59.62,0:18:02.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The relationship between\NLeonardo and Pacioli,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:02.87,0:18:08.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which lasted seven years, was a\Nsymbiotic one, a give and take.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:08.61,0:18:11.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pacioli shared Piero della\NFrancesca's knowledge
Dialogue: 0,0:18:11.39,0:18:14.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of perspective with\NLeonardo, perhaps even
Dialogue: 0,0:18:14.67,0:18:18.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,helping Leonardo make the\Ntransition to architecture.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:18.99,0:18:21.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Leonardo shared his\Nability with Pacioli ,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:21.99,0:18:25.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,illustrating Of\NDivine Proportions,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:25.39,0:18:28.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where Pacioli calculates\Nand constructs a system
Dialogue: 0,0:18:28.22,0:18:33.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of classical Roman letters--\NPacioli's artistic vision with
Dialogue: 0,0:18:33.41,0:18:37.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,help from the gifted hand\Nof Leonardo da Vinci.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:37.26,0:18:39.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Collaboration is what\Nthe Renaissance was all
Dialogue: 0,0:18:39.26,0:18:44.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about-- exchanging ideas,\Nsharing discoveries, melding
Dialogue: 0,0:18:44.44,0:18:49.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mathematical principles\Nwith artistic ones--
Dialogue: 0,0:18:49.39,0:18:58.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the science of art, the art\Nof science, and accounting.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:58.84,0:19:01.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,During and after his time\Nwith Leonardo da Vinci,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:01.79,0:19:05.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pacioli continued\Nto teach and write,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:05.44,0:19:10.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,completing some 11 books on\Nalgebra, geometry, mathematics,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:10.01,0:19:15.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,military strategies, chess,\Nmagic squares, card games,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:15.01,0:19:17.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and accounting.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:17.14,0:19:19.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By the 16th century,\NPacioli had become
Dialogue: 0,0:19:19.79,0:19:21.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a legend in his own time.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:21.58,0:19:27.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lecture rooms were packed\Nwherever he spoke--
Dialogue: 0,0:19:27.76,0:19:37.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Pisa, Florence, Venice.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:37.26,0:19:41.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:41.23,0:19:44.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1510, Pacioli\Nwas named director
Dialogue: 0,0:19:44.06,0:19:47.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the Franciscan\Nmonastery in Sansepolcro.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:47.45,0:19:49.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's where he\Nreturned to spend
Dialogue: 0,0:19:49.19,0:19:52.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the last years of his life,\Namong fellow friars who
Dialogue: 0,0:19:52.64,0:19:54.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,weren't so pleased with\Ntheir famous associate.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:54.62,0:19:57.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:57.37,0:20:01.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1514, the 69-year-old\NPacioli was called away
Dialogue: 0,0:20:01.32,0:20:05.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from Sansepolcro by Pope\NLeo X to teach mathematics
Dialogue: 0,0:20:05.17,0:20:07.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the University of Rome.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:07.55,0:20:09.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The pope intended to\Ncreate a faculty that
Dialogue: 0,0:20:09.44,0:20:11.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was second to none.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:11.15,0:20:15.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's why he called Pacioli.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:15.02,0:20:17.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But whether Pacioli was ever\Nto fulfill his assignment
Dialogue: 0,0:20:17.69,0:20:21.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is unknown, because there\Nis no record of Pacioli ever
Dialogue: 0,0:20:21.27,0:20:24.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,having made it to the\Nuniversity or to Rome.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:24.03,0:20:28.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pacioli may have spent his\Nfinal days in Sansepolcro,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:28.67,0:20:32.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where he died in 1517.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:32.68,0:20:35.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not much is known\Nabout Pacioli's death.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:35.62,0:20:38.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some say he's buried here\Nbeneath the old church of San
Dialogue: 0,0:20:38.29,0:20:39.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Giovanni.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:39.63,0:20:42.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is known is his life\Nand the contributions
Dialogue: 0,0:20:42.18,0:20:44.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he's made to the\Nquality of ours.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:44.58,0:20:46.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Venetian method\Nof accounting,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:46.54,0:20:49.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,today called\Ndouble-entry, is one
Dialogue: 0,0:20:49.02,0:20:51.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the most enduring\Nintellectual creations
Dialogue: 0,0:20:51.28,0:20:53.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in post-Renaissance history.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:53.55,0:20:55.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An ingenious system\Nthat gives the world
Dialogue: 0,0:20:55.62,0:20:59.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a way to record and summarize\Ncommercial activity.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:59.26,0:21:01.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The double-entry system\Nof accounts described
Dialogue: 0,0:21:01.37,0:21:04.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Pacioli's Summa\N500 years ago is still
Dialogue: 0,0:21:04.63,0:21:07.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,being used across\Nthe globe today.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:07.50,0:21:10.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Summa speaks to every\Nbusinessman, every accountant,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:10.99,0:21:13.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every scholar,\Nstudent, and merchant.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:13.48,0:21:16.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It transcends cultures\Nand countries, languages,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:16.84,0:21:18.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ideologies, generations.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:18.21,0:21:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:21.00,0:21:25.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The 15th century precepts put\Nforth in Pacioli's writings
Dialogue: 0,0:21:25.46,0:21:28.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can be found virtually\Nunchanged in today's
Dialogue: 0,0:21:28.07,0:21:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,corporate annual reports,\Nbusiness books, spreadsheets,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:33.00,0:21:38.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,financial statements, cash-flow\Nprojections, cost analysis.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:38.26,0:21:41.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Modern economic history began\Nwith the Renaissance and Luca
Dialogue: 0,0:21:41.71,0:21:45.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pacioli, who was\Nthe first to publish
Dialogue: 0,0:21:45.60,0:21:49.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the method for recording,\Nsummarizing, and conveying
Dialogue: 0,0:21:49.29,0:21:50.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that economic history.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:50.76,0:21:56.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was the first to take\Naccounting into account.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:56.08,0:21:58.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Economic growth and\Nfinancial stability
Dialogue: 0,0:21:58.61,0:22:04.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,depend on understandable,\Nreliable accounting practices.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:04.05,0:22:06.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is believed that\Nwithout widespread adoption
Dialogue: 0,0:22:06.52,0:22:09.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the accounting principles\Nset forth in the Summa,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:09.60,0:22:13.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,many of the joint trade ventures\Nto the New World and Far East
Dialogue: 0,0:22:13.33,0:22:16.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would have run aground.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:16.40,0:22:20.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the case of finding a more\Ndirect water route to India,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:20.09,0:22:23.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is generally believed\Nan accountant convinced
Dialogue: 0,0:22:23.17,0:22:26.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Queen Isabella to invest in\Nan exploratory venture that
Dialogue: 0,0:22:26.87,0:22:31.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ultimately reached the\Nshores of North America.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:31.02,0:22:36.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Aboard one of those ships was\Na gentleman named Columbus,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:36.10,0:22:39.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the accountant the queen\Ninsisted accompany the voyage
Dialogue: 0,0:22:39.92,0:22:44.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to ensure a proper\Naccounting of her investment.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:44.41,0:22:46.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Who was Luca Pacioli?
Dialogue: 0,0:22:46.95,0:22:50.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was a great man,\Nwho walked and worked
Dialogue: 0,0:22:50.28,0:22:58.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with other great men--\NRenaissance men like Leonardo
Dialogue: 0,0:22:58.19,0:23:15.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,da Vinci, Leon Battista Alberti,\NFrederico, duke of Urbino,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:15.71,0:23:17.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Piero della Francesca.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:17.20,0:23:21.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:21.15,0:23:24.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Luca Pacioli exchanged\Nand published
Dialogue: 0,0:23:24.01,0:23:26.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,information that\Ngenerated new thought
Dialogue: 0,0:23:26.72,0:23:28.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and broadened the\Nworld's perspective.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:28.30,0:23:32.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[MUSIC PLAYING]
Dialogue: 0,0:23:32.94,0:23:35.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yet Pacioli's\Ngreatest masterpiece
Dialogue: 0,0:23:35.27,0:23:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was not made of stone,\Npaint, or marble.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:39.00,0:23:48.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was an idea, a\Nvision, an equation,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:48.49,0:23:55.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that found its way to ink\Nand parchment and the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:55.26,0:23:58.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:58.09,0:24:02.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was a poor child\Nwho lived a life
Dialogue: 0,0:24:02.63,0:24:08.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rich with invention and growth.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:08.98,0:24:16.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was a mathematician\Nand a monk, an accountant
Dialogue: 0,0:24:16.83,0:24:22.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and an artist, who crossed\Ndisciplines and mountains
Dialogue: 0,0:24:22.61,0:24:24.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in pursuit of knowledge.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:24.10,0:24:27.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:27.08,0:24:39.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He wrote, worshipped,\Nwandered, and wondered,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:39.74,0:24:43.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the world around him.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:43.20,0:24:48.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he gave that world\Na financial model,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:48.14,0:24:56.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the tools to build a solid\Neconomic foundation-- a future.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:56.52,0:24:59.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:59.37,0:25:01.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Who was Luca Pacioli?
Dialogue: 0,0:25:01.10,0:25:03.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was the unsung hero\Nof the Renaissance.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:03.67,0:25:07.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And 500 years after he\Ndied, he still teaches us.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:07.92,0:25:10.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He still touches our lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:10.28,0:25:13.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[MUSIC PLAYING]
Dialogue: 0,0:25:13.02,0:25:16.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,May my teachings be\Naccessible to everyone,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:16.88,0:25:20.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so our world, through the\Ninstrument of language,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:20.12,0:25:25.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will be enriched, for the\Npraise and glory of God.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:25.56,0:25:28.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[MUSIC PLAYING]
Dialogue: 0,0:25:28.61,0:27:02.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,